被动语态各种时态构成表

1、TENSE主动语态被动语态一般现在时bedodoesamisare+d one一般将来时will+dowill be +done现在进行时amisare+do ingamisare+be in g+do ne一般过去时waswere didwaswere+do ne现在完成时havehas+d onehavehas+bee n+do ne过去完成时had+donehad+been+done过去进行时waswere+do ingwaswere+be in g+d one情态动词情态动词+do情态动词+be+d one一般现、过用be done, be有人称、时、数变例：1、主动： The chi

2、ldre n gave the foreig n guests a warm welcome.被动：The foreign guests were given a warmwelcome by the children.孩子们热烈地欢迎外宾。2、主动： People regard him as brillia nt.被动： He is regarded as brilliant by people.人们认为他很有才华。1、边境发生严重列车事故，二人死亡，十二人受伤。There was a serious train accident near the border. Twopeople wer

3、e killed and twelve were inju red.2、直言不讳的人才是真正诚实的人。A pers on who is truly hon est is called a straight arrow.3、有人给讲演者递上来一张纸条A note was passed up to the speaker.4、John被选为班长而代替了亨利。Joh n was elected preside nt of the class in stead of Harry.5、这位战士牺牲了，然而列车得救了。The soldier was killed, but the train was sa

4、ved.6他被认为很聪明但不诚实He was thought to be clever but dish on est.7、美国的第一个动物园是1874年建立的。The first zoological garden in the United States was established in 1874.8、多数环境污染问题的存在，是因为过去没有采取适当的保护措施。Most environmentalproblems exist because adequate measures forpreventing them were not taken in the past.完成时态have/h

5、ad done，被动将been加中间。例：1、我们已经在夜校里断断续续地学了三年英语了。主动： We have studied English for 3 years off and on at the spare-time school.被动：English has been studied for 3 years off and on at the spare-time school.（have随新主语变为has）2、到去年年底我们已生产出一百台拖拉机主动：They had produced 100 tractors by the end of last year.被动:100 tract

6、ors had bee n produced by the end of last year.3、到去年年底他们已建造了三艘船。主动：They had build three ships by last December.被动： By last December three ships had bee n built by them.4、人们把装满垃圾的塑料袋子堆放在街上。主动：People have piled plastic bags full of rubbish in streets.被动：Plastic bags full of rubbish have bee n piled in

7、 streets.5、他们已提醒我们要注意老鼠。主动：They have warned us to be careful of rats.被动：We have bee n warned to be careful of rats.练习：1、今天是Judy的新婚日，她刚刚和鲍勃结婚。Today is Judys weddi ng, she has just bee n married to Dan el.2、演讲委员会已宣布了这些讲演的题目。The subjects of these lectures have been announced by the lecture committee.3、

8、当我回来时，发现我的车被弄走了。我问他们为啥这么于。他们告诉我说因为我把车于停在禁止停车的禁区。My car had bee n towed away whe n I came back.一般将来 shall (will) do ，被动变 do为be done即由 shall do 或will do 变为 shall done 或will be done 。例：1、过年我市将建立几座大型现代化的发电厂主动: Weshall build several big modern power plants in our city next year. 被动： Several big modern po

9、wer plants will be built in our city next year. （shall do 中的 shall 要随新主语变为 will, do 为 be done.）2、过年九月我将送我次子去读书。王动： I shall send my second boy to school next September.被动： My second boy will be sent to school next September.3、他们将问你许多怪题。主动： They will ask you a lot of strange questions.被动: You will be

10、asked a lot of strange questions.被动句中的by引出的宾语，一般说来，如果是人称代词你、我、他等，均可省略, someoneno one不由by来引出。如果是名词不能省略，但当今英语也都可省略了。1、中国人民在将来将进行更多的空间探索。主动： The Chinese people will makemore space explorations in the future. 被动： More space explorations will be made in the future by the Chinese people.2、通常是昼夜供电，明天白天将停电。

11、Usually, the electricity is on for 24 hours. But tomorrow it will be cutoff in the day time.3、电池使用一段时间后，应该更换。After a period of use, the batteries should be changed.4、这机器不能再用了。将来进行无被动：shall （will ） be doing现在完成进行同：have （ has） been doing即将来进行时表示动作在将来某一时刻或某个阶段正在进行；现在完成进行时表示某一行为发生在过去，延续到现在，将续续下去，两种时态不能用

12、被动语态。1、 今晚你将做什么？（将来进行时）What will you be doing this eve ning?2、 1980年以来，我一直住在鞍山。（现在完成进行时）I have bee n liv ing in An sha n Since 19803、你学英语多久了 ?（现在完成进行时）How long have you bee n study ing En glish?4、 由于大雾，我们已经在机场等了一整天了。（现在完成进行时）We have bee n wait ing at the airport all day because of the thick fog.【现、过

13、进行be doing，被动be加being done】即现在进行时或过去进行时都是be的人称、时和数的形式加doing。而被动态则 是be加上being done的形式，being是不变的。现在进行时和过去进行时的被动 态是被动态个的重点，容易搞错。例如：1、工人们正在维修东北工学院主楼。主动:The workers are repairi ngthe ma in buildi ngof the NortheastEngin eeri ng In stitute.被动：The main building of the Northeast Engineering Institute is bei

14、ngrepaired by the workers.2、委员会的委员们正在考虑那个棘手的问题.The n asty questi on is being con sidered by the committee members.3、他们在计划修建另一座跨线桥The building of another fly-over is being planned.【情、助、有、 是妥安 排，一律随新主语变。 】 带情态动词和助动词等的被动态如何处理比较复杂。 要随新的主语来变化， 这些 词女口 can, could ; will, would; shall, should; may, might; m

15、ust; ought to;need需要；have to 不得不；be going to; to be to; used to; seem to; happen to 等。例如：1、我们必须把这个记在心里。主动: We must keep this in mind.被动： This must be kept in mind.2、我们可以把电冰箱放在那个地方。主动： Wecan put the refrigerator in that place. (refrigerator=freezer.) 被动： The refrigerator can be put in that place.3、我们

16、不能再用那台洗衣机了。主动： We shall not use the washing machine again.被动： The washing machine will not be used again.原来的谓语 shall use 被动态中随新主语变为 will 4、我们将采取更多的措施来防止腐蚀。主动: We shall take more measures to prevent corrosion.被动：More measures will be take n to preve nt corrosi on. (shall变 will)5、这一切得认真解决。All this has

17、 to be solved with great care.6、展览会将明日开放The exhibition is to be opened tomorrow.may加不定式的完成体或完成进行体表示可能，主要用于肯定句，决不能用在 疑问句中。而can与不定式的完成体或完成进行体连用表示可能，只用于否定 句和疑问句，不用于肯定句。但如果can或may的过去式即could与might与不定式 完成体或完成进行体搭配时，可用于各种结构。肯，否，陈，疑均可。It cant have been lost in the post, can it?它不可能在邮局丢失的吧： （ 反意疑问句 ）否定助后加 no

18、t ，疑问一助置主前在否定句的被动态中， 否定副词 not- 定加在第一助动词之后， 不放在别的助动词 之后。同样在疑问句的被动态中，第一助动词置于主语之前。例：为什么不采取些措施来结束罢工呢 ?Why has（ 一助）not any thi ng bee n（二助）done to end the strike?not必须放在第一助动词has之后，第-助动词has必须放在主语anything之前。决 不可写成：why has fit been anything done to end the strike? 或why has been not anything done to end the

19、strike?1、我们将不在课堂上作练习。The exercises will not be done in class.2、用什么别的途径能获得火星的资料呢 2In what other way could（ 一助 ） information about Mars be（ 二助 ） abtained?3、他为何入狱的 ?Why had he been imprisoned?4、需要告诉他吗 ?Need she be told about it?5、没人刷新你的记录。Your record has never been equaled.主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前 凡主语恰好是一个疑问词或由

20、疑问词来修饰主语时，后面要用陈述语序。 例 : 卫星上可以扔下何物 ?What（主语）could be dropped from a satellite?1、正在采取什么措施来发展这门新科学 ?What measures（ 主语） are being taken to develop this new science? 2、需要哪种装置来使控制系统简化 ?What kind of device（ 主语） is needed to make the control system simple?3、采取了什么措施来改进这些技术的 ?what has been done to improve the

21、 techniques?应指出的是有的学生把 We study diligently和She could see herself clearlyin the mirror. 都硬行变成被动了 , 殊不知不及物动词通常是没有被动态的。关 于不及物动词反身代词动词，同源宾语动词系词感官使役动词，短语动词 的被动态。【有些动词可以带双宾语】在用于被动结构时， 主动结构中的间接宾语变为主语时， 直接宾语仍然保留在谓 语后面；直接宾语变为主语时，直接宾语前通常加上介词 for/to在记者招待会上人们问了他很多问题He was asked a number of questions at the pres

22、s conference.他们在幼儿园被教给很多东西They are taught a lot of things in the kindergartens. 作为生日礼物他收到了一个新 MP4。A new MP4 was given to him as birthday present/gift.He gave me a book. f A book was given to me by him.He showed me a ticket. f A ticket was show n to me by him.Myfather bought mea new bike. fA newbike

23、was bought for meby my father. 【特别提醒】有些动词后跟不带 to 的不定式作宾补，但改为被动结构后要加上“ to ”。例如 We heard him sing in his room just now.-He was heard to sing in his room just now. 刚才听到他在房间中唱歌。make somebody do something fsomebody+ be +made to do something see somebody do something fsomebody +be +seen to do something Th

24、e boss made the little boy do heavy work.fThe little boy was made todo heavy work by the boss.【不用被动语态的情况】1）不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：appear, die disappear, end （vi. 结束 ）, fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.After the fire, very little remained of my house.比较： rise, fall, happen 是不及物动词； raise, seat 是及物动词。（ 错 ） The price has been risen.（ 对 ） The price has risen.（ 错