动词不定式的被动语态(1)选修7Unit2

1、 一、一、Revise the Passive Voice 主动语态主动语态 （the active voice） 被动语态被动语态（the passive voice） 如：如： Everyone enjoys exciting sports. (主动语态主动语态) 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者; Exciting sports are enjoyed by everyone. (被动语态被动语态) 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 The window was broken by Tom . 主被动语态的转换：主被动语态的转换

2、： Tom broke the window. 如：我的家乡发生了很大的变化。如：我的家乡发生了很大的变化。 不能说：不能说：Great changes have been taken place in my hometown. 通常只有及物动词（组）才有被动语通常只有及物动词（组）才有被动语 态，不及物动词没有。态，不及物动词没有。 现在时现在时过去时过去时将来时将来时 一般一般 式式 _ _ given _ _ _ given _ _ 进行进行 式式 _ _ given _ _ _ given 完成完成 式式 _ _ given _ given_ 时时 式式 常见主被动时态变化一览表常见主

3、被动时态变化一览表 given given 1. 复习动词不定式的主动被动结构复习动词不定式的主动被动结构 一般式一般式进行式进行式完成式完成式 主动主动to doto be doingto have done 被动被动 to be done to have been done 1. The dam _ by the year 2020, will benefit the whole country. A. being completed B. to complete C. completed D. to be completed D 2. She told me that her propo

4、sal needed _ into consideration. A. to take B. to be taken C. to be taking D. to have taken B 2. 动词不定式的被动语态在句子中的作用动词不定式的被动语态在句子中的作用 1) 做主语（常用做主语（常用it做形式主语）做形式主语） To be offered sympathy by a robot is ridiculous. 被邀请参加这个亚运会开幕式，是一大荣幸。被邀请参加这个亚运会开幕式，是一大荣幸。 2) 做表语做表语 The party is to be held next Saturday

5、evening. 明年明年, 这种新药将在这种新药将在500个过度肥胖的人上进行试验。个过度肥胖的人上进行试验。 It is ridiculous to be offered sympathy by . It is a great honor to be invited to attend the opening ceremony of Asian Games. The new drug is to be tested out on the 500 overweight people next year. 3) 做宾语做宾语 She didnt like to be treated as a

6、child. He pretended to have been beaten by his step-father. 这位职员不希望被她的顾客嘲笑。这位职员不希望被她的顾客嘲笑。 The clerk wouldnt like to be laughed at by her customers 4) 做宾语补足语做宾语补足语 Tony expected the house to be completely transformed. 这个残疾的孩子希望由这个主建筑师来设计这座这个残疾的孩子希望由这个主建筑师来设计这座 电影院。电影院。 The disabled child expected th

7、e cinema to be designed by the chief architect. 5）做定语）做定语 What a victory to be envied by those women! 英国人对即将在伦敦举行的奥运会感到骄傲。英国人对即将在伦敦举行的奥运会感到骄傲。 The English are proud of the Olympic Games to be held in London. 6）做状语）做状语 All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as to be received in time for Christ

8、mas. 他匆忙赶到订票处（他匆忙赶到订票处（booking office）却被告知）却被告知 所有的票都卖完了。所有的票都卖完了。 He hurried to the booking office only to be told that all the tickets had been sold out. 3. 在下列情况中用不定式的主动形式表示被动意思。在下列情况中用不定式的主动形式表示被动意思。 1) 不定式作后置定语，与被修饰的名词或代词构成不定式作后置定语，与被修饰的名词或代词构成 逻辑上的动宾关系，但又与该句主语（逻辑上的动宾关系，但又与该句主语（或另一名或另一名 词词/代词代词

9、）构成逻辑上的主谓关系时）构成逻辑上的主谓关系时, He has nothing to eat. 分析：分析： eat 动动nothing宾宾 / he 主主eat 谓谓 I will give you a book to read . 分析：分析： _ 动动_宾宾/ _主主_谓谓 这个优雅的女人有事情要宣布。这个优雅的女人有事情要宣布。 reada bookyouread The elegant lady had something to declare. 比较：比较： I have a lot of letters to type . (我有很多信件要打印：我有很多信件要打印：I will

10、 type the letter) I have a lot of letters to be typed. (意思为：意思为： I get sb. to type the letter) 1) Ill go to New York. Have you anything _(take) to your wife there? 2) Do you have any clothes _(wash), sir?” asked the maid 3) I cannot go out now as I have a lot of clothes _(wash) to be taken to be was

11、hed to wash 注意：注意：若句子的主语并非不定式的逻辑主语时，若句子的主语并非不定式的逻辑主语时， 不定式则必须用被动式不定式则必须用被动式。 3. 在下列情况中用不定式的主动形式表示被动意思。在下列情况中用不定式的主动形式表示被动意思。 2) 在在“主语主语+表语（形容词）表语（形容词）to do” 中，中， 主语也是主语也是 不定式的逻辑宾语不定式的逻辑宾语,即不定式动词和主语之间是即不定式动词和主语之间是 动宾关系。动宾关系。 This question is easy to answer. （分析：（分析：answer (动动)-this question （宾）（宾） 注意

12、：注意： 如果动词为不及物动词，则要注意介词的搭配。如果动词为不及物动词，则要注意介词的搭配。 John is difficult to deal with. （分析：（分析：_(动动)-_(宾宾)） 如：这扶手椅坐起来很舒服。如：这扶手椅坐起来很舒服。 这题目很难算出来。这题目很难算出来。 deal withJohn The armchair is comfortable to sit in The question is difficult to work out 常用的形容词有常用的形容词有easy，difficult，hard，impossible， nice，pleasant，lig

13、ht，heavy，interesting， important，expensive，cheap， fit， dangerous 3). 在在“tooto do; enoughto”结构中。如：结构中。如： 这个问题太难了算不出来。这个问题太难了算不出来。 The problem is too difficult to work out (to be worked out) 这房子够大能住下。这房子够大能住下。 The house is big enough to live in. 4). There be 结构中，用不定式的主动和被结构中，用不定式的主动和被 动式来修饰主语，区别不大。动式来修

14、饰主语，区别不大。 There is a lot of work to do / to be done. (多用主动形式多用主动形式) 没有什么可担心的。没有什么可担心的。 There is nothing to worry about. 5). 在在“with+n+to do”结构中。结构中。 例如：例如： 没有事情要做，他就躺在被窝里。没有事情要做，他就躺在被窝里。 With nothing to do, he lay in bed 因为有太多的练习要做，我不能帮你忙。因为有太多的练习要做，我不能帮你忙。 With so many exercises to do, I cant do a

15、favor for you. 6). 一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。 常见的这类动词有常见的这类动词有let(出租出租), rent， hire, blame等。等。 房子出租。房子出租。The house is to let 我觉得我应该被责骂。我觉得我应该被责骂。I felt I was to blame. 7)有些动词既是及物动词又是不及有些动词既是及物动词又是不及 物动词，当它们和物动词，当它们和well，badly，easily等等 副词连用时，副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，表示主语内在品质或性能， 是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，这时不是不及物

16、动词，用主动表示被动，这时不 用被动语态，常见的有：用被动语态，常见的有：write，read， clean，sell，wash，cook 等。等。如：如： The cloth washes easily. The new product sells well. The pen writes smoothly. 8)感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被 动意义，如：动意义，如：feel，look，seem，taste， sound，remain等。等。 Do you like the material? Yes，it feels very soft. 误：误：It is

17、 felt very soft. The food tastes delicious. 误：误：The food is tasted delicious. The pop music sounds beautiful. 误：误：The pop music is sounded beautiful. 9).动词动词 need, require, want, 和和be worth后后 加加 v-ing的主动形式表被动意义。的主动形式表被动意义。 My watch doesnt work; it needs repairing. The book is worth reading a second

18、time. need/ require/want doing =need /require/want to be done My watch doesnt work; it needs repairing. =it needs to be repaired. 1. It will take several weeks for your computer to _ (repair). 2. I knew him _ (catch) by the police. 3. A vote is required _(take) in our company at once. 4.This makes i

19、t possible for them _(make) metals into any required shapes. 5. Dick sped on the motorway only _ (fine). 6. When some money went missing from the bank, Thomas was believed _ (steal) it. be repaired to have been caught to be taken to make to have stolen to be fined 练习练习 7. I hope _(admit) to Zhongsha

20、n University. 8.The book is said to _ (translate) into several languages. 9.I feel greatly honored _ (welcome) into their society . 10.Come on! It is an easy sentence _ (translate). 11.When I came in, he pretended to _.(read) 12.All these gifts must be mailed immediately _(receive) in time for Chris

21、tmas. 13.Mrs Smith warned her daughter _(not drive) after drinking. to translate to be welcomed have been translated to be admitted be reading to be received not to drive 14. Hearing the good news, he was too excited _ (speak). 15. It happened _ (rain) when I got there. 16. I am terribly sorry _(los

22、e) your key. 17. I am sorry _(say )that he is going from bad to worse. 18. He asked _(send) to the place where he was most needed. 19. What he hoped was _(admit) into the university 20. He got to the station only _(find) all the tickets had been sold out. 21. I am sorry _(keep) you waiting so long.

23、to speak to be raining to have lost to say to be sent to be admitted to find to have kept 22.On their return the father asked his son _(explain) what he had learnt. 23.My advisor encouraged me _(take) a summer course to improve my writing skills. 24.I dont know whether you happen _(hear), but Im goi

24、ng to study in the U.S.A this September. 25.The flu is believed _(cause) by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. 26.He seems _（punish) by his teacher yesterday. 27._(save ) the badly sick lady, the doctor had an operation on her. 28. He was too frightened _ (say) anything. to explain to take to have heard to be caused to have been punished To save to say 29.The school ordered all the classroom _( clean ). 30.My grandmother seems to have a lot _ (worry)