【課件】CDM项目设计The CDM project desig

1、2021/7/20Slide 1 CDM工程设计 The CDM project design 中国CDM能力建设工程培训讲义 Training Material Building Capacity for the CDM in China 2021/7/20Slide 2 CDM工程流程： The CDM Project Cycle 设计 审定/注册 监测 核查/认证 签发CERs PP： 工程参与方 DOE：指定经营实体 EB： 执行理事会 CER： 经核证的减排 2021/7/20Slide 3 工程参与者：Project participants F 工程参与者或是指一参与CDM工程活

2、动的缔约方，或指经某 缔约方批准在该缔约方负责之下参与CDM工程活动的私营和/ 或公共实体。 FIn accordance with the use of the term project participant in the CDM modalities and procedures, a project participant is either a Party involved or, in accordance with paragraph 33 of the CDM modalities and procedures, a private and/or public entity a

3、uthorized by a Party to participate, under the Partys responsibility, in CDM project activities. F 工程参与者是指就如何分配所考虑的工程活动产生的CERs 作 出决定的缔约方或私营和/或公共实体。 FProject participants are Parties or private and/or public entities that take decisions on the allocation of CERs from the project activity under consid

4、eration. 2021/7/20Slide 4 工程设计文件：第二版, 2004年7月1日： Project Design Document：version 02, July 1, 2004 工程活动的一般性说明 基准方法学 工程活动的起始与期限/减排额计入期 监测方法学和方案 温室气体排放计算 环境影响 利害相关方的评价 附 件 附件1：工程活动参与方的信息 附件2：政府官方提供资金的信息 附件3：新基准线方法学 附件4：新监测方法学 附件5：表格：基准线数据 General description of project activity Baseline methodology Sta

5、rting date and duration of the project activity/Crediting period Monitoring methodology and plan Calculations of GHG emissions Environmental impacts Stakeholder Comments Annexes Annex 1: Information on participants in the project activity Annex 2: Information regarding public funding Annex 3: New ba

6、seline methodology Annex 4: New monitoring methodology Annex 5: Table: Baseline data 2021/7/20Slide 5 根本原那么：General principles 完整性：Completeness 精确性：Accuracy 可比性：Comparability 透明性：Transparency 2021/7/20Slide 6 完整性：Completeness F 涡轮机、加热过程、锅炉等 F Turbines, process heaters, boilers etc. F 燃烧 Flaring F 溢散

7、排放 Fugitive emissions F 焚化 Incinerators F 化学反响的挥发 Chemical process vents F 运输 Transport F 能源输入/输出 Imported/exported energy 充分考虑并报告在确定范围内所有温室气体排放的源及活动，并对任 何排除在外的情况予以说明。 Account for and report on all GHG emission sources and activities within the chosen project boundary. Disclose and justify any speci

8、fic exclusions. 2021/7/20Slide 7 精确性：Accuracy 精确性问题可分为：Accuracy can be classified into: 误差 Errors: 计算误差 不正确的因子、假设 Calculation errors (inappropriate factors, assumptions etc) 在确定基准或排放时缺乏透明性：Lack of clarity within the methods for determining GHG emissions or baselines 数据管理的弱点如人工转记误差：Data management we

9、aknesses e.g. manual transposition errors 不确定性 Uncertainties: 技术限制： Technological limitations 缺少数据来源：Lack of source data 所有通过计量、计算、估算的温室气体在纪录、运算、汇总和报告的 过程中力求正确。 Accuracy means that (e.g.) the GHG data is recorded (through measurement, calculation, estimation), processed, reported and aggregated accu

10、rately. 2021/7/20Slide 8 透明性：Transparency F 所有的假设应清楚地说明 All assumptions are clearly stated F 所有背景资料引用应清楚 All background material is clearly referenced F 使用方法及选择原理应予解释 The rationale for selection and use of methodologies, as well as the use of such are clearly explained F 对讨论的问题应有一个清楚地结论 There is a c

11、lear conclusion or decision from all presented discussions F 所有使用的公式应予规定 All formulas used for calculations are stated F 所有的计算应是具体的 All calculations are incorporated or referenced F 保密信息应清楚识别 Confidential information is clearly identified 2021/7/20Slide 9 良好的工程设计实践：Good Practice for project design 确

12、定职责确定职责 Define Responsi- bilities 识别排放源识别排放源 Identify GHG Emission Sources 基准与工程基准与工程 (Baseline and project) 确定计算方法确定计算方法 Determine GHG Calculation Methods 基准与工程基准与工程 (Baseline and project) 计算排放量计算排放量 Calculate Emissions 汇总汇总/总排放总排放整理整理 Collation/ Aggregation of Total Emissions 保持文件体系保持文件体系 Maintain

13、 Supporting Documen- tation 汇整汇整PDD或监测或监测 报告报告 Finalise PDD or monitoring Reports 评审并改进报告评审并改进报告 Review and improve the report 2021/7/20Slide 10 PDD A项：工程活动的一般性说明 PDD SECTION A: General description of project activity A.1 工程活动名称：Title of the project activity: A.2. 工程活动描述：Description of the project a

14、ctivity: A.3. 工程参与方： Project participants: A.4. 工程活动的技术说明：Technical description of the project activity: A.4.1.工程活动的地点：Location of the project activity: A.4.2.工程活动类别： Category(ies) of project activity: A.4.3.工程活动将采用的技术：Technology to be employed by the project activity: .简要解释拟议的清洁开展机制工程活动将如何减少人为温室气体源

15、的人 为排放量包括说明为什么当没有拟议的工程活动时就不会发生相应 的减排量，要考虑到国家和/或部门政策和实情： Brief explanation of how the anthropogenic emissions of anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHGs) by sources are to be reduced by the proposed CDM project activity, including why the emission reductions would not occur in the absence of the proposed

16、project activity, taking into account national and/or sectoral policies and circumstances: A.4.5.工程活动的政府官方融资：Public funding of the project activity: 2021/7/20Slide 11 PDD B项：适用的基准线方法 PDD SECTION B: Application of a baseline methodology B.1. 应用于该工程活动的方法学名称和参考文献： Title and reference of the approved ba

17、seline methodology applied to the project activity: B.1.1.选择该方法学的理由和为什么它可适用于该工程活动 Justification of the choice of the methodology and why it is applicable to the project activity: B.2. 说明该方法学如何应用于该工程活动： Description of how the methodology is applied in the context of the project activity: B.3. 说明各种温室气

18、体源的人为排放量如何减少到低于没有该已登记的CDM工程 活动时所出现的排放水平 Description of how the anthropogenic emissions of GHG by sources are reduced below those that would have occurred in the absence of the registered CDM project activity: B.4. 说明与选用的基准线方法学相关的工程边界定义如何应用于该工程活动： Description of how the definition of the project boun

19、dary related to the baseline methodology selected is applied to the project activity: B.5. 基准线确定的详细说明， 包括基准线研究完成日期与人员/机构名称 Details of baseline information, including the date of completion of the baseline study and the name of person (s)/entity (ies) determining the baseline: 2021/7/20Slide 12 PDD C

20、项：工程活动期限/减排额计入期 PDD SECTION C: Duration of the project activity / Crediting period C.1 工程活动期限： Duration of the project activity: C.2 排额计入期的选择和相关信息 Choice of the crediting period and related information: C.2.1. 可更新的计入期(最长每一期七(7)年) Renewable crediting period C.2.2. 固定的计入期(最长十(10)年) Fixed crediting per

21、iod: F绿色领域的工程一般会选择7年、更新2期的计入期，棕色 领域的工程一般会选择10年固定计入期 FExperience: “Greenfield projects often select the option of seven years and 2 renewal Fperiods, “brown field projects often select a 10 years fixed crediting period. 2021/7/20Slide 13 PDD D项：适用的监测方法和方案 PDD SECTION D. Application of a monitoring me

22、thodology and plan D.1. 应用于该工程活动的经核准的方法学名称和参考文献： Name and reference of approved monitoring methodology applied to the project activity: D.2. 选择该方法学的理由和为什么它可应用于该工程活动 Justification of the choice of the methodology and why it is applicable to the project activity: D.2. 1.选择1：监测工程和基准情景的排放 Option 1: Moni

23、toring of the emissions in the project scenario and the baseline scenario D. 2.2. 选择2：直接监测工程的减排量 Option 2: Direct monitoring of emission reductions from the project activity D.2.3. 监测方案中泄漏的设备 Treatment of leakage in the monitoring plan D.2.4. 说明用于估算工程减排的公式 Description of formulae used to estimate em

24、ission reductions for the project activity D.3. 实施监测数据的质量控制和保证程序 Quality control (QC) and quality assurance (QA) procedures are being undertaken for data monitored D.4. 说明工程实施单位为监测工程减排及泄漏运行和管理结构 Please describe the operational and management structure that the project operator will implement in orde

25、r to monitor emission reductions and any leakage effects, generated by the project activity D.5. 确定监测方法人员/机构的信息 Name of person/entity determining the monitoring methodology: 2021/7/20Slide 14 PDD E项：计算各种温室气体源的排放量 PDD SECTION E: Estimation of GHG emissions by sources E.1.说明温室气体源的排放量： Estimate of GHG

26、emissions by sources: E.2.预期的泄漏： Estimated leakage: 和之和表示该工程活动的排放量： The sum of E.1 and E.2 representing the project activity emissions: E.4.说明温室气体源的人为排放量的基准 Estimated anthropogenic emissions by sources of greenhouse gases of the baseline: 和之差表示该工程活动的减排量： Difference between E.4 and E.3 representing t

27、he emission reductions of the project activity E.6. 列出应用上述公式时得到的数值的表格： Table providing values obtained when applying formulae above 2021/7/20Slide 15 工程边界与泄漏：Project Boundaries and Leakage F 工程边界：Project boundary F 工程边界工程边界应包括在工程参与者控制范围内的、数量可 观并可合理归因于清洁开展机制工程活动的所有温室气体 (GHG)源人为排放量。 FThe project bound

28、ary shall encompass all anthropogenic emissions by sources of greenhouse gases (GHG) under the control of the project participants that are significant and reasonably attributable to the CDM project activity. F 泄漏定义：Leakage: F 为工程边界之外出现的并且是可测量的和可归因于清洁开展机 制工程活动的温室气体(GHG)源人为排放量的净变化。 FLeakage is define

29、d as the net change of anthropogenic emissions by sources of greenhouse gases (GHG) which occurs outside the project boundary, and which is measurable and attributable to the CDM project activity. 2021/7/20Slide 16 泄漏：Leakage G 确保所有由于工程产生的排放都应予以考虑。泄漏可能是负面 的也可能是正面的。对正面的泄漏可以根据保守的原那么予以 忽略，而对负面的泄漏影响那么必须

30、考虑。 GEnsure that all emissions that are affected by the project are taken into account. Leakage might be positive or negative. When/if identified, positive leakage may not be accounted for in order to be conservative in ER estimation. Negative leakage effects should always be accounted for unless explicitly stated otherwise in the methodology. G 例如：Examples: G 生物质的运输：Transport of biomass G 生物质的缺乏导致石化燃料消费：Scarcity of biomass forces increase in fossil fuel consumption G 与施工有关的排放：Construction related emissions 2021/7/20Slide 17 温室气体排放源：