Unit 5 Moral Values

1、Moral Values Steps: v Oral Practice; v Listening; v Global Reading; v Detailed Reading; v After Reading. Do you know your own character? Connect the adjectives describing character or personality with the people in the cartoons. sociable conceited generous mean rebellious confident superstitious uns

2、elfish vain sympathetic lazy independent conceited( ) unselfish( ) Oral Practice: Topic-related prediction mean( )vain( ) confident( ) lazy( ) Topic-related prediction independent( )sociable( ) sympathetic( )rebellious( ) Topic-related prediction generous( )superstitious( ) Topic-related prediction

3、Read the case on the upper part of page 158. Try to come up with a solution and explain why you made your choice. What a character do you think is the most attractive one? And what a character do you trust most in your everyday life? Explain why. Oral Practice: Questions Character, in the long run,

4、is the decisive factor in the life of an individual and of nations alike. We must remember that intelligence is not enough. Intelligence plus character- that is the true goal of education. Trust men and they will be true to you; treat them greatly, and they will show themselves great. Honesty is the

5、 first chapter of the book of wisdom. Choose the quote you like most 2. Listening Listen and respond on page 146 and 147 in the textbook. T F T F T 1) moral values, American honesty, best policy 2) a race, perseverance, give up 3) queen, kind/compassionate 4) courage, responsibility, loyalty Moral v

6、alues are the foundation of American culture. One of the most basic moral values for Americans is honesty. The well-known story about “Honest Abe” teaches this value clearly. While working in a store, young Abraham Lincoln once sold to a woman some goods to the amount of two dollars, six and a quart

7、er cents. He discovered later that a mistake had been made, and that the store owed the woman the six and a quarter cents. After he had closed the store that night, he walked several miles in the darkness to return the small amount of money to her. Sometimes American honesty - being open and direct

8、- can hurt peoples feelings. But Americans still believe that honesty is the best policy. Moral Values in America Another virtue Americans respect is perseverance. Remember the story about the turtle and the rabbit that had a race? The rabbit thought he could win easily, so he took a brief sleep. Bu

9、t the turtle finally won because he did not give up. When Americans have a hard time trying to do something, they are always encouraged to say, “I think I can; I think I can.” Compassion may be the queen of American virtues. The story of the Good Samaritan describes a man who showed compassion. On h

10、is way to a certain city, a Samaritan man found a poor traveler lying on the road. The traveler had been beaten and robbed. The kind Samaritan, instead of just passing by, stopped to help this person in need. Moral Values in America In no way can this brief description cover all the moral values hon

11、ored by Americans. Courage, responsibility, loyalty, and many others are also honored. Moral values are very important in American culture- and, indeed, in any culture. Moral Values in America One Additional question The typical characters of Chinese people worship? （What are the typical virtues Chi

12、nese people have in your opinion?） 3. Global Reading Task two on page 157: Judgment Structure Global Reading 1. The key point to building character is learning how to start from within yourself and proceed to the world outside. T( ) 2. Being a more responsible employee is very important to your futu

13、re promotion.T( ) 3. Trust is not the essential ingredient for character.F( ) 4. Family is the place to build our character and hide who we really are. F( ) True character begins at home. 5. An excellent employee used to treat his / her spouse casually. F( ) An excellent employee treats his / her sp

14、ouse well. True or False Structure Part Paras.Main Idea I1-5The bank presidents failing was one of character. II6-13What really matters is ones character but not his skills and personality. III14-22One can build his character at any age with the inside-out approach and by admitting mistakes. The bes

15、t opportunities are within ones families. IV23-28The president was forgiven and began to find his own path to character. 4. Detailed Reading Part I: (paras 1-5) The bank presidents failing was one of character. questions: 1. words and phrases: including useful expressions Questions for paras. 1-5 Wh

16、at was the bank president like? What was wrong with the bank employees? What did the consultant do then? Did his effort pay off? How did the consultant find out the truth? What was the truth? What were the consequences of the presidents conduct? Words and Phrases consult: 1. v. ask for information o

17、r advice from sb. because it is their job to know sth. 2. v. discuss sth. with sb. so that one can make a decision together Im not quite sure how to get there Id better consult a map. 他们将就如何开展竞选活动进行磋商。他们将就如何开展竞选活动进行磋商。 They are going to consult on how to launch the election campaign. Why didnt you c

18、onsult me about this? Patterns: consult with sb. about/on sth. 与某人磋商某事与某人磋商某事 consult sb. 向某人咨询向某人咨询 Words and Phrases morale: n. the level of confidence and positive feelings that people have, especially people who work together, who belong to the same team, etc. A couple of victories would improve

19、 the teams morale enormously. 长期的失业使得他精神不振。长期的失业使得他精神不振。 A long period of unemployment weakened his morale. Words and Phrases She had joined the company as a secretary and risen through the ranks. rise through the ranks: make progress from a low position to a high position Words and Phrases stump: v

20、. stumped by a question/problem, one is unable to find a solution to it Im completely stumped. 我很为难我很为难, , 简直不知如何是好。简直不知如何是好。 Im stumped: I just dont know what to do. Words and Phrases emerge: v. 1. appear or come out from somewhere 2. if facts emerge, they become known after being hidden or secret

21、After thorough investigation there emerged an overall picture. 经彻底调查，总的情况明朗了。经彻底调查，总的情况明朗了。 太阳从云朵后面钻出来。太阳从云朵后面钻出来。 The sun emerged from behind a cloud. Pattern: emerge from Word formation: emerge immerge violate failing of character = weakness of character = moral failing 品行不端 Words and Phrases affa

22、ir: n. 1. a secret sexual relationship between two people, when at least one of them is married to sb. else 2. things connected with your personal life, your financial situation, etc. Shes having an affair with a married man. 别理我，管好你自己的事。别理我，管好你自己的事。 Leave me alone; mind your own affairs. She organi

23、zes her financial affairs very efficiently. He had an affair with his boss that lasted six years. Words and Phrases 这些名词均含这些名词均含“事情事情”之意。之意。 含义较广，侧重指与你个人生活有关的事务。复数形式多指含义较广，侧重指与你个人生活有关的事务。复数形式多指 重大或较复杂的事务。重大或较复杂的事务。 通常指生意上的事情。通常指生意上的事情。 普通用词，着重指一件不得不考虑的或需要处理的事。普通用词，着重指一件不得不考虑的或需要处理的事。 CF: affair, bus

24、iness its a Directions: Fill in the blanks with the four words above. Change the forms where necessary. abilities _ talent _ genius_. gifts_ talents_ ability_ gift_. Words and Phrases personality: n. sb.s character, especially the way they behave towards other people He is well qualified for the job

25、, but he does lack personality. 她个性很强。她个性很强。 She has a very strong personality. Words and Phrases figure: n. 1. sb. who is important or famous in some way Several leading figures resigned from the party. 2. sb. with a particular type of appearance or character, especially when they are far away or d

26、ifficult to see 我看见黑暗中有个人影走近。我看见黑暗中有个人影走近。 I saw a figure approaching in the darkness. Words and Phrases guideline: n. rules or instructions about the best way to do sth. The EU has issued guidelines on appropriate levels of pay for part-time manual workers. 现在的道德标准不像以前那么明确了。现在的道德标准不像以前那么明确了。 Today

27、the moral guidelines are less obvious than before. Words and Phrases shift: v. 1. if sb.s opinions, beliefs, etc. shift, they change 2. make sb. else responsible for sth., especially for sth. bad that has happened Public opinion was beginning to shift to the right. Dont try to shift the responsibili

28、ty onto others: you must do the job yourself. 3. move from one place or position to another, or make sth. do this Joe listened, shifting uncomfortably from one foot to another. He refused to shift his ground. Words and Phrases 这些动词均可表示这些动词均可表示“从一处移往另一处从一处移往另一处”之意。之意。 侧重位置与方向的改变。侧重位置与方向的改变。 普通用词，指从一处

29、到另一外的任何距离的转移。普通用词，指从一处到另一外的任何距离的转移。 一般表示转送或移交，尤指交通运输中的换乘或职务的一般表示转送或移交，尤指交通运输中的换乘或职务的 调动。调动。 作作“移动移动”解时，与解时，与move可换用，另外还可指撤职或开除可换用，另外还可指撤职或开除 学藉等。学藉等。 CF: shift , move, transfer otherwise we would have telephoned him. 值得注意的是，包含值得注意的是，包含but for的句子，谓语动词必定要用虚拟形式，的句子，谓语动词必定要用虚拟形式， 但包含但包含without等短语的句子，谓语动

30、词未必一定要用虚拟语气。等短语的句子，谓语动词未必一定要用虚拟语气。 有时虚拟条件不是明确地表达出来，而在蕴含在用有时虚拟条件不是明确地表达出来，而在蕴含在用but引导的从句里，引导的从句里， 于是便出现了有谓语动词是虚拟语气的主句加上谓语动词是陈述语气的于是便出现了有谓语动词是虚拟语气的主句加上谓语动词是陈述语气的 but从句构成的并列复合句，例如从句构成的并列复合句，例如: would have hung you but the telephone was out of order. 在这样的句子里，如果主句没有用虚拟语气，或者从句用了虚拟语气，在这样的句子里，如果主句没有用虚拟语气，或者

31、从句用了虚拟语气， 都是错的。都是错的。 Grammatical Points 用在宾语从句中的虚拟语气用在宾语从句中的虚拟语气 在表示愿望的动词在表示愿望的动词wish后的宾语从句中，需用虚拟语气。（后的宾语从句中，需用虚拟语气。（wish后后 的的that 常省略），根据主句时态，从句谓语时态相应退后一位，例如：常省略），根据主句时态，从句谓语时态相应退后一位，例如： How she wished his family could go with him. 在具有愿望、请求、建议、命令等主观意愿的动词在具有愿望、请求、建议、命令等主观意愿的动词(desire, demand, advice

32、, insist, require, suggest, propose, order, recommend, decide ) 后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用(should) +动词动词 原形。值得注意的是，如果宾语从句的动词是否定的，否定词原形。值得注意的是，如果宾语从句的动词是否定的，否定词not的位的位 置应在动词之前，而不是动词之后。例如：置应在动词之前，而不是动词之后。例如： The head nurse insisted that the patient not be move. 另外，如另外，如suggest表达表达“暗示暗示”，in

33、sist表示表示“坚持某种说法坚持某种说法”时，时， 后面的从句不用虚拟语气，例如：后面的从句不用虚拟语气，例如： Her pale face suggests that she is ill. He insisted that he did not kill the boy. Grammatical Points 除此之外，上述动词也要求用虚拟式除此之外，上述动词也要求用虚拟式 在在It is+上述动词的过去分词，其后所跟的主语从句中，如上述动词的过去分词，其后所跟的主语从句中，如 It is suggested that pupils wear school uniforms. 在上述动词

34、相应的名词形式作主语在上述动词相应的名词形式作主语+连系动词，其后的表语从句中，连系动词，其后的表语从句中， 例如例如 His suggestion was that classed be re-scheduled. 在对上述动词相应的名词进行解释的同位语从句中，如：在对上述动词相应的名词进行解释的同位语从句中，如： The workers raised the demand that their pay be increased to cope with the inflation. would （had）rather , would sooner, would (just) as soon

35、 ， would prefer也用来表达主观愿望，它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语也用来表达主观愿望，它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语 气。谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示与过去事实气。谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示与过去事实 相反，例如：相反，例如： I would rather he went right now. Grammatical Points 4. “had hoped”后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 用用“had hoped”表示原来表示原来 希望做到而实际上未能实现的事情，其宾语从句的谓语用希望做到而实际上未能实现的事情，其宾语

36、从句的谓语用“would+动动 词原形词原形”。 I had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and study there, but she said she liked to stay in China. 我原本希望她到美国去念书，但她说她喜欢留在中国。我原本希望她到美国去念书，但她说她喜欢留在中国。 5. 在在expect, believe, think, suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语 从句中的虚拟语气从句中的虚拟语气 在在expect, believe, think, suspect等动词的否定或等动

37、词的否定或 疑问形式后的宾语从句中，我们经常用疑问形式后的宾语从句中，我们经常用“should动词原形动词原形(或完成形或完成形 式式)”，表示惊奇，怀疑，不满等。，表示惊奇，怀疑，不满等。 I never thought that he should be such a brave young soldier. 我们从来没想到他是个如此勇敢的小战士我们从来没想到他是个如此勇敢的小战士 Grammatical Points 在动词在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气，常省去宾语从句的引导词后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气，常省去宾语从句的引导词 that。 一）、对现在情况的虚拟（与现在的事实相反）

38、一）、对现在情况的虚拟（与现在的事实相反） 从句用过去式或过去进行式从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的时间上是同时的)。其句子结构为：宾语从。其句子结构为：宾语从 句的谓语句的谓语be和和were(was)，实义动词用过去式。例：，实义动词用过去式。例： I wish I knew the answer to the question. 我希望知道这个答案。我希望知道这个答案。 (事实上是不知道事实上是不知道) I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around. 但愿但愿 我的家乡四季如春。我的家乡四季如春。(事实上不可能事

39、实上不可能) 1. I wish I were a bird.(wish, were)但愿我是只小鸟。但愿我是只小鸟。(事实上不可能事实上不可能) Grammatical Points 二）、对过去情况的虚拟（和过去的事实相反）：二）、对过去情况的虚拟（和过去的事实相反）： 用用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语用过表示对过去事情的遗憾。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语用过 去完成时，或去完成时，或would, could, might+现在完成时。例：现在完成时。例： I wish I hadnt wasted so much time. 我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。我后悔

40、不该浪费这么多时间。 (事实上已浪费了事实上已浪费了) He wishes he hadnt lost the chance. 他真希望没有失去机会。他真希望没有失去机会。(其其 实已失去实已失去) 1. We wished he had spoken to us. (事实上他并没同我们讲事实上他并没同我们讲) Grammatical Points 三）、对将来情况的虚拟三）、对将来情况的虚拟(表示将来的主观愿望表示将来的主观愿望)： 从句动词从句动词“would/should/could/might + 动词原形动词原形(时间上较后时间上较后)(请注请注 意：主句和从句的主语不相同意：主句和

41、从句的主语不相同)。用。用wish表示对将来事情的愿望。例：表示对将来事情的愿望。例： I wish it would stop raining. 我希望雨能停止。我希望雨能停止。(事实上雨还在下着呢事实上雨还在下着呢) I wish you would be quiet. 我希望你安静一些。我希望你安静一些。(事实上那家伙还在事实上那家伙还在 吵着呢吵着呢) 1. You wished she would arrive the next day. 你希望她第二天会到。你希望她第二天会到。 (事实上她还没到事实上她还没到) Grammatical Points 四）、注意：四）、注意： 1.如

42、果将如果将wish改为过去式改为过去式wished, 其后其后that 从句中的动词形式不变。例从句中的动词形式不变。例 如：如： I wished I hadnt spent so much money. 我要是那时没有花掉那么多我要是那时没有花掉那么多 钱就好了。钱就好了。 2. 如果如果that 从句中用从句中用would , 一般表示对现状不满或希望未来有所改变一般表示对现状不满或希望未来有所改变 或请求或请求 I wish he would answer my letter. I wish prices would come down. I wish you would help m

43、e. I wish you would stop asking silly questions. Grammatical Points 其他形式的虚拟语气其他形式的虚拟语气 1、“It is (was)+形容词（或过去分词）形容词（或过去分词）+that”结构中的虚拟语气中，使用某结构中的虚拟语气中，使用某 些表示愿望、建议、请求、命令、可能、适当、较好、迫切、紧近、重要等形容词些表示愿望、建议、请求、命令、可能、适当、较好、迫切、紧近、重要等形容词 后的主语从句的谓语也用虚拟语气。其表达形式为后的主语从句的谓语也用虚拟语气。其表达形式为should 动词原形或省略动词原形或省略 should

44、直接用动词原形（美国英语中省去直接用动词原形（美国英语中省去should） 常用的形容词：常用的形容词： natural (自然的自然的), appropriate (适当的适当的),advisable (合适的合适的), preferable (更可取的更可取的), better (更好的更好的)* necessary (必须的必须的), important (重要的重要的), imperative (急需的急需的), urgent (急迫的急迫的), essential (本质的本质的), vital (必不可少的必不可少的)* probable (很可能的很可能的), possible

45、(可能的可能的)* desirable (极好的极好的)advisable（合理的），（合理的）， compulsory（必须的），（必须的），crucial（紧急的），（紧急的），desirable（理想的），（理想的），essential （必要的），（必要的），imperative（迫切的），（迫切的），incredible（惊人的），（惊人的），necessary（必要（必要 的），的），possible（可能的），（可能的），strange（奇怪的），（奇怪的），urgent（紧迫的）。（紧迫的）。 常用的过去分词常用的过去分词(Past Participle):* required

46、 (需要的需要的), demanded (要求要求), requested (被请求的被请求的), desired (要求要求)* suggested (建议建议), recommended (推荐推荐)* orderd (命令命令) 1. It is necessary that we (should) have a walk now.(表示有需要去散步表示有需要去散步) 2. It is important that every pupil (should) be able to understand therule of school.(表示重要的是学生都能了解校规表示重要的是学生都能了

47、解校规) Grammatical Points 2. 在在It is 名词名词that的主语从句中的虚拟语气的主语从句中的虚拟语气 在在It is 名词名词that 的主语从句中，常用虚拟语气，表示建议、命令、请求、道歉、怀疑、的主语从句中，常用虚拟语气，表示建议、命令、请求、道歉、怀疑、 惊奇等。这类名词惊奇等。这类名词 有：有：advice ，decision ，desire ，demand ， idea，motion ，order，pity ，preference ，proposal， recommendation ， requirement，resolution，shame， sugg

48、estion，surprise，wish，wonder等。等。 It is my proposal that he be sent to study further abroad 我建议派他去国外进一步学习。我建议派他去国外进一步学习。 Grammatical Points 3. 当某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词作主语时，其后的表当某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词作主语时，其后的表 语从句或同位语从句需用虚拟语气，其表达形式为语从句或同位语从句需用虚拟语气，其表达形式为should 动词原形动词原形 或直接用动词原形。这类名词常见的有：或直接用动词原形。这类名词常见的有： d

49、emand (要求要求), desire (请请 求求),requirment (要求要求) advice (劝告劝告), recommendation (建建 议议),suggestion (建议建议) order (命令命令) necessity (必要地必要地), preference (优先优先) proposal (计划计划), plan (计划计划), idea (办法办法)， recommendation以以 及及plan，idea，resolution等。等。 We are all for your proposal that the discussion be put off

50、 The suggestion that the mayor present the prizes was accepted by everyone My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference. Grammatical Points 4. 在在Its (high/about) time 之后的定语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词之后的定语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词 用过去式，例如用过去式，例如 It is high time that you went to school 5. 虚拟语气在虚拟语气在as

51、 if / as though 引导的方式状语从句中的应用（谓语动引导的方式状语从句中的应用（谓语动 词形式与词形式与wish后的宾语从句基本相同）表示与现在事实相反或对现在情后的宾语从句基本相同）表示与现在事实相反或对现在情 况有怀疑，谓语动词用过去式。例如：况有怀疑，谓语动词用过去式。例如： He felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened. 表示过去想象中的动作或情况，谓语动词用过去完成式。表示过去想象中的动作或情况，谓语动词用过去完成式。 Grammatical Points 6. 在在lest 引导的状语从句中

52、，谓语动词多用虚拟语气，引导的状语从句中，谓语动词多用虚拟语气，(should )+ 动词动词 原形。例如：原形。例如： The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself. 7. 在在if only 引起的感叹句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式或过去完引起的感叹句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式或过去完 成式。例如：成式。例如： Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I had followed your advice. Grammatical Test

53、 The teacher demanded that the exam _ before eleven. (finish) He is talking so much about America as if he _ there. (be) _ today, he would get there by Friday. (leave) You _ earlier. The bus left a moment ago. (come) He treated me as though/as if I _ his own son.(be) I _ you some money, but I hadnt any on me then. (lend) A few minutes earlier and we _ the rain. (catch) Im glad I went over all my notes; otherwise _ . (fail) its high time _ something. (deci