高中英语复习北师大版《虚拟语气在if条件句中的用法》 课件 (共63张PPT)

1、虚拟语气在虚拟语气在 if 条件句中的用条件句中的用 法法 EL CONDOR PASA(EL CONDOR PASA(老老鹰鹰之歌之歌) ) Andy Williams 时态时态 从从 句句 主主 句句 表示现在表示现在 过去时过去时 (bewere) should+动词原形动词原形 would +动词原形动词原形 could +动词原形动词原形 might +动词原形动词原形 1.和现在的事实相反 1.单一的虚拟语气 时态时态从从 句句主主 句句 表示过去表示过去 had + 过去分词过去分词 should+have+过去分词过去分词 would +have+过去分词过去分词 could

2、+have+过去分词过去分词 might +have+过去分词过去分词 2.和过去的事实相反 时态时态从从 句句主主 句句 表示将来表示将来 should+动词原形动词原形 would +动词原形动词原形 could +动词原形动词原形 might +动词原形动词原形 3.和将来的事实相反 1)were to +动词原形动词原形 2)should +动词原形动词原形 3)动词过去式动词过去式 1.If I knew the answer now,I would tell you.1.If I knew the answer now,I would tell you. 2. If it rain

3、ed tomorrow, we would 2. If it rained tomorrow, we would stay at home.stay at home. 3 .If it were to rain tomorrow, we would 3 .If it were to rain tomorrow, we would stay at home. stay at home. 4. If it should rain tomorrow, we would 4. If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.stay at home.

4、 5.If you had come here yesterday,you 5.If you had come here yesterday,you would have met him. would have met him. TranslationTranslation 1. 1.如果没有阳光如果没有阳光, ,就没有生物。就没有生物。 If there were no sunlight, there would be no living things. 2. 2.如果如果我是你我是你, 就会去找他。就会去找他。 If I were you, I would go to look for h

5、im. 3. 3.如果他在如果他在这这儿儿, , 一切都会好的。一切都会好的。 If he were here, everything would be all right. 4.如果你昨天早点来的话,你就 可以见到他。 If you had come earlier yesterday, you would have seen him. 5.万一发生火灾万一发生火灾,我们该怎么办我们该怎么办? If a fire broke out, what should we do? I I would buywould buy an expensive car. an expensive car. 6

6、. If I had a lot of money, 6. If I had a lot of money, _ _ 2.省略省略if的虚拟条件句的虚拟条件句 在虚拟条件句中，谓语动词是在虚拟条件句中，谓语动词是 be 或助动词或助动词have的某种形式，的某种形式， 或是或是should时，时， 可以把可以把 if 省省 略，从而把谓语动词提前，构略，从而把谓语动词提前，构 成主谓倒装。成主谓倒装。 If I were you,I would go. If you had been here yesterday,you would have met him. Had you been her

7、e yesterday,you would have met him. Were I you,I would go. 注意：若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定式，不能用动词的缩略注意：若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定式，不能用动词的缩略 形式如我们可以说形式如我们可以说 Were it not for expense, I would go abroad now. 不可以说不可以说Werent it for the expense, 在条件句中，可省略在条件句中，可省略 if，把，把were ,had, should 提到句首，变提到句首，变 为倒装句式为倒装句式 If I were at sc

8、hool again, I would study harder. If you had come earlier, you would have met him. If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. Were I at school again, I would study harder. Had you come earlier, you would have met him. Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为

9、所发当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发 生的时间不一致时，被称为：生的时间不一致时，被称为：”错综时间条件句错综时间条件句“， 动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整 If you had followed my advice , you would be better now. If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. 如果你听我的建议，你现在就会痊愈了如果你听我的建议，你现在就会痊愈了 如果你努力学习的话，你现在就会是大学生如果你努力学习

10、的话，你现在就会是大学生 了了 3.错综时间条件句 If you had taken the medicine yesterday,you would be well now. 试翻译：假如约翰试翻译：假如约翰.肯尼迪没死的话，他现在肯尼迪没死的话，他现在 一定是个老人。一定是个老人。 If John Kennedy had not died, he would be an old man now. 4.含蓄条件句。有时为了表达的需要，含蓄条件句。有时为了表达的需要， 在虚拟语气中，不出现条件句，而在虚拟语气中，不出现条件句，而 是以介词短语，并列句，副词，非是以介词短语，并列句，副词，非 谓

11、语动词等形式出现。谓语动词等形式出现。 常见的介词和连词有：常见的介词和连词有： with,without,butfor,otherwise, or等。等。 What would you do with a million dollars? We could not have finished the work ahead of time without your help. But for the rain we would have finished the work. (=If you had a million dollars)? (=if we hadnt got your help

12、). (=If it hadnt been for the rain), Everything taken into consideration, they would have raised their output quickly.（独立主格） I was ill that day. Otherwise , I would have taken part in the sports meet.（副词） He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it.（连词） I migh

13、t have given you more help, but I was too busy.（连词） But for your help, we couldnt have succeeded. Nothing could live without the sun. 考题点击：考题点击： Without your help, we _ such rapid progress. A. couldnt make B. wouldnt make C. will not have made D. wouldnt have made D Translation : 1.要不是他的帮助，我们不要不是他的帮

14、助，我们不 会成功。会成功。 2.没有空气，我们将会死亡。没有空气，我们将会死亡。 1. But for his help,we wouldnt have succeeded.(与过去相反与过去相反) 2.Without water or air,we would die.(与现在与现在 相反相反) If You Were the Only Girl in the World If you were the only girl in the world and I were the only boy! Nothing else would matter in the world today w

15、e could go on loving in the same old way! A garden of Eden just made for two with nothing to mar our joy I would say such wonderful things to you there would be such wonderful things to do If you were the only girl in the world and I were the only boy! 1.Sorry, Professor Smith. I didnt finish the as

16、signment yesterday. Oh, you have done it as yesterday was the deadline. A. must B. mustnt C. should D. shouldnt 答案答案：C 考点考点：本题考查的是虚拟语气 解析解析：此处表示和过去事实相反的情况，应该用 should + have + 过去分词。本来应该做，而未做。 2.Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he_. was busy B. is busy C. had been busy D. will be busy 答案：答案：A 考

17、点考点：本题考查虚拟语气与时态。 解析解析：前句表示对过去的虚拟，而but之后表示过 去的客观事实，故用一般过去时态。 3.If he my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job. A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow 答案答案：C 考点考点：考查虚拟语气。 解析解析：根据“wouldnt have lost”可判断if引导的状 语从句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟，故选C项。 4. （10天津15）John went to the hospital alone. If he me

18、 about it, I would have gone with him. A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told 答案答案：D 考点考点：考查虚拟语气 句意句意：约翰独自去了医院。如果他告诉我的话，我 会跟他一起去的。 解析解析：前一句是陈述语气，说明动发生在过去，而 且后一句的主句已经是would have gone说明是与过 去事实相反的虚拟语气。与之对应的从句结构，应 该用had +过去分词。 4. John went to the hospital alone. If he me about it, I would have gone

19、 with him. A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told 答案答案：D 考点考点：考查虚拟语气 句意句意：约翰独自去了医院。如果他告诉我的话，我 会跟他一起去的。 解析解析：前一句是陈述语气，说明动发生在过去，而 且后一句的主句已经是would have gone说明是与过 去事实相反的虚拟语气。与之对应的从句结构，应 该用had +过去分词。 5.George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he_ more on its culture.

20、 focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused 答案答案：B 解析解析：would rather后应用虚拟语气，表示与现在 时间相反，用动词的过去式。 6.If we _ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken 答案答案：B 解析解析：考查虚拟语气。所填词做虚拟语气中条件状 语从句的谓语，根据主句的谓语动词形式might have arrived可知题干是与过去事实相

21、反，故所填部分用 had+过去分词形式，选B。 7.（10北京34）The weather has been very hot and dry. Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables . A. wouldnt die B. didnt die C. hadnt died D. wouldnt have died 答案答案：D 考点：考点：考查虚拟语气中对过去的虚拟 解析解析：第二个说话人的If条件句是我们选择正确答案 的关键。要是当时下雨了，现在的情况就好的多了

22、 ！我的蔬菜也就不会死了。过去没有下雨，所以我 的蔬菜干死了也是发生在过去。而将句子还原则为If it had rained even a drop, my vegetables wouldnt have died.If+ had done,主句为couldnt/ shouldnt/ wouldnt have done. 8.Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy . Awould have been savedBhad been saved Cwill be saved Dwas sa

23、ved 答案答案： A 考点考点：考查虚拟语气 解析解析：根据句子的倒装特征判断此处是省略了if的虚 拟语气，原形是：If I had known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy .故选择 A。句意为：如果我早知道这个电脑程序，就可以节 省大量的时间和精力了。 9(2009年高考天津卷)This printer is of good quality.If it_break down within the first year， we would repair it at our expense. Awo

24、uld Bshould Ccould Dmight 答案：B 解析：句意：这台打印机质量很好。如果第一年使 用坏了，我们保修。虚拟语气中表示将来时间的条 件句有三种，就此句而言，应为：If it broke down/If it were to break down/If it should break down. 10The doctor recommended that you_swim after eating a large meal. Awouldnt Bcouldnt Cneednt Dshouldnt 答案：D 解析：句意：医生建议你不应该在饱餐之后游泳。 recommend后的

25、宾语从句应用虚拟语气，谓语动词为 “(should)do”，故选D。 11But for their help，we_the program in time. Acan not finish Bwill not finish Chad not finished Dcould not have finished 答案：D 解析：句意：如果不是他们的帮助，我们就不能及 时完成这个项目。根据句意，选用could not have finished表示与过去相反。 12But for the help of my English teacher， I_the first prize in the En

26、glish Writing Competition. Awould not win Bwould not have won Cwould win Dwould have won 答案：B 解析：本题考查虚拟语气用法。句意：要没有我英 语老师的帮助，我不会在英语写作比赛中获得第一 名。根据句意，可知主句应该使用否定式，而本句 是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为B项。 13_fired，your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. AWould you be BShould you be CCould y

27、ou be DMight you be 答案：B 解析：这道题是虚拟条件句的倒装。虚拟条件句 的从句部分含有were，should或had时，可省略if， 再把were，should或had移到从句的句首，实行部 分倒装。句意：即使你被解雇了，医疗保障和其 他福利也不会立刻受到影响。 13_fired，your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. AWould you be BShould you be CCould you be DMight you be 答案：B 解析：这道题是虚拟条件句的倒装。虚

28、拟条件句 的从句部分含有were，should或had时，可省略if， 再把were，should或had移到从句的句首，实行部 分倒装。句意：即使你被解雇了，医疗保障和其 他福利也不会立刻受到影响。 14They_two free tickets to Canada， otherwise theyd never have been able to afford to go. Ahad got Bgot Chave got Dget 答案：B 解析：本题考查混合虚拟语气。本题前面部分是 事实，后半句是虚拟语气。 15I told your friend how to get to the ho

29、tel，but perhaps I_have driven her there. Acould Bmust Cmight Dshould 答案：D 解析：此题考查情态动词及虚拟语气。句意：我告 诉你的朋友如何到那个旅馆，但或许我应该将她送 到那里。should have driven her there“本应该开车把 她送到那里”。故选D。 16. Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy _.(2010浙江卷) A. would have been saved B. had been s

30、aved C. will be saved D. was saved 【答案及解析答案及解析】 A考查虚拟语气。根据句子的倒装 特征判断此处是省略了if的虚拟语气，原形是：If I had known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy _. 句意为：如果我早知道这 个电脑程序，就可以节省大量的时间和精力了。 17Maybe if I_science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help. A. studied B.

31、would study C. had studied D. was studying 解析考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“或许当初 我要是学了理科而不是文科，现在就能给你更多 的帮助。”then表示过去的时间，if引导的从句 是对过去的虚拟，因此使用过去完成时。选C。 答案C 18I_sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me. A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have come 解析考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“我本来可 以早点来，但我真不知道他们在等我。”but I

32、didnt know表示了过去时间，因此前句是对过 去的虚拟，用主语should / would / could / might have done表达，故选D。 答案 D 19Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution. I_it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview. Aattended Bhad attended Cwould attend Dwould have attended 解析考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“真可 惜你错过了那场有关核污染的讲座。我本可 以去听的，但我当时忙于

33、工作面试。”对过去的 虚拟，用主语should / would / could / might have done表达，故选D。 答案 D 20I_through that bitter period without your generous help. A. couldnt have gone B. didnt go C. wouldnt go D. hadnt gone 解析考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“没有你的 慷慨帮助，我是不可能度过那段痛苦的时期 的。”that bitter period表示过去的时间，对过去 的虚拟语气用主语should / would / could / mig

34、ht have done表达，故选A。 答案 A 21_ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung. A. Was he given up B. Had he given up C. Did he give D. If he gave up 【易误分析】容易误选 D。 【名师指津】正确答案应选B。之所以不能选 D，是因为时态前后有矛盾。由于主句谓语是 would not have got，这表明是对过去事实作出的 假设，所以从句谓语应该是 had given up，而不 是像D项那样用一般过去时。另外，当虚拟条件 句中有 had, sh

35、ould, were 等词时，通常可以省略 if，并将 had, should, were 提前置于句首。又如： 22_it rain tomorrow, we have to put off the visit to Yangpu Bridge. A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will 解析 为虚拟语气的倒装句，相当于 If it should rain tomorrow 万一明天下雨。 答案B 23. Without the air to hold some of the suns heat, the earth at night_， too cold for

36、 us to live. A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldly C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly 答案A 24. We could have gone there by bus. Yes, otherwise we_late. A. werent B. hadnt been C. couldnt be D. couldnt have been 解析 We could have gone there by bus 意为“我们 本来是能够坐汽车去那里”，但实际上并没有坐汽 车

37、去那里，相当于 We didnt go there by bus。若将 这一真实情况变成一个与事实相反的假设，则为If we had gone there by bus, we couldnt have been late。 答案D 25. I wouldnt have succeeded_for his help then. A. hadnt it been B. were it not C. had it been not D. had it not been 解析 此题考查对虚拟语气倒装的掌握。if it werent for.和if it hadnt been for.表示“多亏，要 不是的情况下”，也可用but for短语来表示。 这两个句型倒装时仅需记住一句话：not总在“之 后”。如：We wouldnt have finished the work had it not been for his help.要不是他的帮助，我们就不能 完成这项工作。 答案D 26. If it _for the snow, we_the mountain yesterday. A. were not, could have climbed B. were not, could climb C. had not been, could have climbed