棚房蔬菜种植可行性报告2

1、englishman, william low. he suggested that a double railway tunnel should be built. this would solve the problem of ventilation, for if a train entered this tunnel, it would draw in fresh air behind it. forty-two years later a tunnel was actually begun. if, at the time, the british had not feared in

2、vasion, it would have been completed. recently, there has again been great interest in the idea of a channel tunnel. if it is built, it will connect britain to europe for the first time in history.lesson65 jumbo versus the police 小象对警察last christmas, the circus owner, jimmy gates, decided to take so

3、me presents to a childrens hospital. dressed up as father christmas and accompanied by a guard of honour of six pretty girls, he set off down the main street of the city riding a baby elephant called jumbo. he, should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing. a policeman appro

4、ached jimmy and told him he ought to have gone along a side-street as jumbo was holding up the traffic. though jimmy agreed to go at once, jumbo refused to move. fifteen policemen had to push very hard to get him off the main street. the police had a difficult time, but they were most amused. jumbo

5、must weigh a few tons, said a policeman afterwards, so it was fortunate that we didnt have to carry him. of course, we should arrest him, but as he has a good record, we shall let him off this time.lesson66 sweet as honey! 像蜜一样甜！the hatheld puffin is a modern aero-plane, but its designer, mr john wi

6、mpenny, is finding it difficult to get it off the ground. the reason for this is that this plane is also a bicycle. its pilot has to pedal hard to get it into the air. after mr wimpenny had the plane built, it was tested thoroughly. in 1961, it was the first man-powered aircraft to fly half a mile.

7、while being flown by a champion amateur cyclist in 1963, the plane crashed on an airfield. since then, mr wimpenny has had it rebuilt. he has had the length of the wings increased so that they now measure 93 feet-almost as long as those of a dakota. many people have shown interest in this new and un

8、usual sport. but though air cyclists may learn how to fly over short distances, and may, eventually, even get across the english channel, it is doubtful whether they will ever cycle across the atlantic.lesson67 volcanoes 火山haroun tazieff the polish scientist, has spent his life-time studying active

9、volcanoes and deep caves in all parts of the world. in 1948, he went to lake kivu in the congo to observe a new volcano which he later named kituro. tazieff was able to set up his camp very close to the volcano while it was erupting violently. though he managed to take a number of brilliant photogra

10、phs, he could not stay near the volcano for very long. he noticed that a river of liquid rock was coming towards him. it threatened to surround him completely, but tazieff managed to escape just in time. he waited until the volcano became quiet and he was able to return two days later. this time, he

11、 managed to climb into the mouth of kituro so that he could take photographs and measure temperatures. tazieff has often risked his life in this way. he has been able to tell us more about active volcanoes than any man alive. lesson68 persistent 纠缠不休i crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he

12、saw me and came running towards me. it was no use pretending that i had not seen him, so i waved to him. i never enjoy meeting bert dykes. he never has anything to do. no matter how busy you are, he always insists on coming with you. i had to think of a way of preventing him from following me around

13、 all morning.hullo, bert, i said. fancy meeting you here !hullo, elizabeth, bert answered. i was just wondering how to spend the morning-until i saw you. youre not busy doing anything, are you ? no, not at all, i answered. im going to. .would you mind my coming with you ? he asked, before i had fini

14、shed speaking. not at all, i lied, but im going to the dentist. then ill come with you, he answered. theres always plenty to read in the waiting room !lesson69 but not murder! 并非谋杀！i was being tested for a driving licence for the third time. i had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so

15、 successfully. after having been instructed to drive out of town, i began to acquire confidence. sure that i had passed, i was almost beginning to enjoy my test. the examiner must have been pleased with my performance, for he smiled and said, just one more thing, mr eames. let us suppose that a chil

16、d suddenly crosses the road in front of you. as soon as i tap on the window, i want the car to be stopped immediately. i continued driving and after some time, the examiner tapped loudly. though the sound could be heard clearly, it took me a long time to react. i suddenly pressed the brake pedal har

17、d and we were both thrown forward. the examiner looked at me sadly. mr eames, he said, in a mournful voice, you have just killed that child ! lesson70 red for danger 危险的红色during a bullfight, a drunk suddenly wandered into the middle of the ring. the crowd began to shout, but the drunk was unaware of

18、 the danger. the bull was busy with the matador at the time, but it suddenly caught sight of the drunk who was shouting rude remarks and waving a red cap. apparently sensitive to criticism, the bull forgot all about the matador and charged at the drunk. the crowd suddenly grew quiet. the drunk, howe

19、ver, seemed quite sure of himself. when the bull got close to him, he clumsily stepped aside to let it pass. the crowd broke into cheers and the drunk bowed. by this time, however, three men had come into the ring and they quickly dragged the drunk to safety. even the bull seemed to feel sorry for h

20、im, for it looked on sympathetically until the drunk was out of the way before once more turning its attention to the matador.lesson71 a famous clock 一个著名的大钟when you visit london, one of the first things you will see is big ben, the famous clock which can be heard all over the world on the b.b.c. if

21、 the houses of parliament had hot been burned down in 1834, the great clock would never have been erected. big ben takes its name from sir benjamin hall who was responsible for the making of the clock when the new houses of parliament were being built. it is not only of immense size, but is extremel

22、y accurate as well. officials from greenwich observatory have the clock checked twice a day. on the b.b.c. you can hear the clock when it is actually striking because microphones are connected to the clock tower. big ben has rarely gone wrong. once, however, it failed to give the correct time. a pai

23、nter who had been working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the hands and slowed it down ! lesson72 a car called bluebird “蓝鸟”汽车the great racing driver, sir malcolm campbell, was the first man to drive at over 300 miles per hour. he set up a new world record in september 1935 at bonneville

24、salt flats, utah. bluebird, the car he was driving, had been specially built for him. it was over 30 feet in length and had a 2500 horse-power engine. although campbell reached a speed of over 304 miles per hour, he had great difficulty in controlling the car because a tyre burst during the first ru

25、n. after his attempt, campbell was disappointed to learn that his average speed had been 299 miles per hour. however, a few days later, he was told that a mistake had been made. his average speed had been 301 miles per hour. since that time, racing drivers have reached speeds of over 400 miles an ho

26、ur. following his fathers footsteps many years later, sir malcolms son, donald, also set up a world record. like his father, he was driving a car called bluebird.lesson73 the record-holder 纪录保持者little boys who play truant from school are unimaginative. a quiet days fishing, or eight hours in a cinem

27、a seeing the same film over and over again, is usually as far as they get. they have all been put to shame by a boy who, while playing truant, travelled 1600 miles. he hitch- hiked to dover and, towards evening, went into a boat to find somewhere to sleep. when he woke up next morning, he discovered

28、 that the boat had, in the meantime, travelled to calais. no one noticed the boy as he crept off. from there, he hitch-hiked to paris in a lorry. the driver gave him a few biscuits and a cup of coffee and left him just outside the city. the next car the boy stopped did not take him into the centre o

29、f paris as he hoped it would, but to perpignan on the french-spanish border. there he was picked up by a policeman and sent back to england by the local authorities. he has surely set up a record for the thousands of boys who dream of evading school.lesson74 out of the limelight 舞台之外an ancient bus s

30、topped by a dry river bed and a party of famous actors and actresses got off. dressed in dark glasses and old clothes, they had taken special precautions so that no one should recognize them. but as they soon discovered, disguises can sometimes be too perfect.this is a wonderful place for a picnic,

31、said gloria gleam. it couldnt be better, gloria, brinksley meers agreed. no newspaper men, no film fans! why dont we come more often ? meanwhile, two other actors, rockwall slinger and merlin greeves, had carried two large food baskets to a shady spot under some trees. when they had all made themsel

32、ves comfortable, a stranger appeared. he looked very angry. now you gut out of here, all of you! he shouted: im sheriff here. do you see that notice ? it says no camping-in case you cant read ! look, sheriff, said rockwall, dont be too hard on us. im rockwall slinger and this is merlin greeves. oh,

33、is it ? said the sheriff with a sneer. well, im brinksley meers, and my other name is gloria gleam. now you get out of here fast !lesson75 sos 呼救信号when a light passenger plane flew off course some time ago, it crashed in the mountains and its pilot was killed. the only passengers, a young woman and

34、her two baby daughters, were unhurt. it was the middle of winter. snow lay thick on the ground. the woman knew that the nearest village was miles away. when it grew dark. she turned a suitcase into a bed and put the children inside it, covering them with all the clothes she could find. during the ni

35、ght, it got terribly cold. the woman kept as near as she could to the children and even tried to get into the case herself, but it was too small. early ,next morning she heard planes passing overhead and wondered how she could send a signal. then she had an idea. she stamped out the letters sos in t

36、he snow. fortunately, a pilot saw the signal and sent a message by radio to the nearest town. it was not long before a helicopter arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors of the plane crash.lesson76 april fools day 愚人节to end our special news bulletin, said the voice of the television announcer,

37、we are taking you to the macaroni fields of calabria. macaroni has been grown in this area for over six hundred years. two of the leading growers, giuseppe moldova and ricardo brabante, tell me that they have been expecting a splendid crop this year and harvesting has begun earlier than usual. here

38、you can see two workers who, between them,无公害蔬菜产品新建项可行性研究报告第一章 总论一、项目概况1、项目名称：农安县玉磊种植专业农业合作社无公害蔬菜产品开发建设项目 2、项目地址：长春市农安县巴吉垒镇元宝沟村 3、项目实施单位及法定代表人 项目实施单位：农安县玉磊种植专业农业合作社 法定代表人：刘玉磊。 4、建设性质及工期安排： 建设性质：新建。 工期安排：建设年产27000吨无公害瓜果蔬菜产品生产基地项目，建设期自2011年6月9日开工至2011年9月9日完工投产。 5、项目摘要：农安县玉磊种植专业农业合作社（以下简称玉磊合作社），开发建设无公害

39、果菜产品新建项目是根据中央农村工作会议精神，以及长春市关于推进社会主义新农村建设的实施意见要求，对农业结构实行战略性调整和产业化发展，以提高农产品质量和市场竞争力，促进农业增效，农民增收和农村经济全面发展，利用区位优势和企业具有的优势，在元宝沟村租用荒芜盐碱土地4545亩，总投资8000万元，建设产业化无公害蔬菜种植基地900亩，建棚房60万平方米（100米10米600栋）；建设科研办公、业务用房及加工用房共计4858平方米，购置生产科研设备器具110台（套）。 项目建成后，年产各类无公害瓜菜和27000吨的生产基地。将为长春市和全县及邻近城市的居民提供优质蔬菜。 项目达产期平均年实现销售收入

40、6615万元，年平均实现利润4851.64万元，预计投资回收期2年。二、可研编制依据及范围 1、2002年4月29日，农业部发布施行的无公害农产品管理办法。 2、2003年12月18日，长春市人民政府第4号令长春市无公害农产品管理办法。 3、吉林省省农业地方标准汇编。 4、2006年11月长春市关于推进社会主义新农村建设的实施意见。 5、国家和省、市、县关于农牧业深加工产品企业的有关法律规定。 6、编制范围：本报告着重对项目建设的意义和必要性、建设条件、建设内容及规模、环境保护、实施计划等进行可行性研究；按照国家的有关法规政策和市场需求情况进行经济和社会效益分析；提出结论性意见，供建设业主和有

41、关部门决策。第二章 项目建设背景及投资的经济和社会意义一、项目背景1、县情简介 农安县隶属吉林省长春市，位于松辽平原腹地，东经1243112545，北纬43554455。东临德惠市，南接省城长春市，西以公主岭市和长岭县为邻，北与松原市接壤。年均气温4.7度，无霜期145天，降水量507.7毫米，有效积温2800度。地势平坦，四季分明，属中温带大陆性气候。全县幅员5400平方公里，其中耕地435万亩，林地95万亩，草原面积52万亩，水域面积33万亩。全县辖22个乡镇，376个村，总人口115万，其中农业人口85万，是全省幅员超过700万亩的10个县份之一，耕地超过400万亩的3个县份之一，人口超

42、过百万的2个县份之一。目前，建成区20平方公里，常住人口23.2万人。城区街路宽敞，市容整洁，楼房林立，初具中等城市规模。 农安县位于长春和松原两大城市之间，地理位置优越，交通便利。长白铁路、长白公路、302国道纵贯南北。全县22个乡镇全部通油路，是全省第二个实现乡乡通油路的县份。县城所在地距长春市区60公里，处于长春1小时经济圈内，距长春龙嘉国际机场90公里，距大连港口700公里。目前，珲乌高速（农安段）及辅线工程正在修建当中，该路建成后，县城至省会长春只需半小时，县城至松原只需1小时。农安县水资源丰富，基础设施齐备。松花江、伊通河、新开河穿境而过；有大中型水库4座；波罗湖是吉林省第三大自然

43、泡塘和湿地。县内建有装机容量2万千瓦的引松工程，有日处理4万吨的净水厂。目前，中部城市引松供水农安支线工程正在建设当中。农安县是全国农畜产品大县。粮食产量稳定在45亿斤以上，1990年进入全国十大产粮县行列，1995年、1996年列全国十大产粮县之首。经济作物数量多、品质优。马铃薯、“三辣”（辣椒、朱葱、大蒜）、胡罗卜、林果、晒烟、西兰花等种植面积100万亩，年产量30亿斤。畜禽总量1.25亿头（只），其中年出栏生猪200万头，黄牛50万头，肉羊40万只，大鹅500万只，肉鸡5000万只。全县肉类总产量40万吨以上，2003年成为全国肉类总产量第一大县。2、项目业主情况 玉磊合作社成立于201

44、1年5月25日，在农安县登记注册，注册资金：510万元，法定代表人：刘玉磊，注册地址：农安县巴吉垒镇镇元宝沟村，主营无公害蔬菜种植、加工、销售；地处县城西部32公里处，距离长春60公里，在长春一小时经济圈范围内。项目建设地依山傍水环境优美，未有污染源非常适宜植物动物的生长繁殖的净地。玉磊合作社在巴吉垒镇元宝村征租荒芜盐碱土地4545亩，建无公害棚房种植蔬菜面积900亩。 玉磊合作社拟建成省级产业化无公害蔬菜种植基地科技示范龙头企业。玉磊合作社技术力量雄厚。玉磊合作社现以专职技术人员3人（均是大学本科学历，其中副高一人），专职技师七人），技术工人27人。同时，玉磊合作社还与省农科院和吉林农大等科

45、研院所保持着密切联系。玉磊合作社采用先进生产设施。投资20万元建造太阳能采暖设备平方米，购置了运输车、蓄水池、净菜池、沼气池、无滴大棚、无菌园舍等，布局科学。 3、“无公害”农产品的特点和前景 无公害农产品是产地环境、生产过程和产品质量符合国家有关标准和规范要求，经农业部农产品质量安全中的认证合格获得认证书并允许加帖无公害农产品标志的未领加工或者初加工的食用农产品。无公害农产品是发展绿色食品乃至有机食品的基础，是作为食品的一种基本要求。但目前市场上的农产品，要么有农肥、农药残留，要么是亚硝酸盐、病菌等污染物超标，对人体健康带来极大隐患。党和政府对此十分重视，在全国大、中城市逐步推行食用农产品市

46、场准入制度。因此，无公害农产品的市场前景十分广阔。二、项目建设的必要性和可行性1、必要性 一是提高农产品食用安全和质量，改善人们膳食结构的需要。随着经济社会发展，营养知识的普及，人们对饮食的安全质量的要求越来越高，无公害农产品正逐步取代传农产品，成为人们生活消费的必需品。 二是满足市场供求的需要，地处地处长春、松原两市之间，在这长春市市区4906平方平方公里松原市 面积20159平方公里，在这7000 平方平方公里的土地上生活着1200万人民，其中有80%在市场上购买蔬菜产品。 仅长春市年消费蔬菜现在尚有44881万公斤缺口。长春每天消费蔬菜272万公斤，长春市按城区362.3万人口每人每天消

47、费0.75公斤蔬菜计算，城市蔬菜消费量每天需要272万公斤，每月需要8265万公斤，全年需要99179万公斤。夏季自给率97，淡季58。 三是农业结构调整的需要。今年全省棚膜经济工作会议明确指出：近两年，全省新建棚室13.3万亩，总规模要达到90万亩。并安排了3000万专项资金。因此，必须以市场为导向，以龙头企业为依托，注重市场开拓，切时搞活流通，延伸产业链条，大力发展蔬菜产业化经营。四是玉磊合作社积极响应全省棚膜经济工作会议精神，努力谋求自身发展壮大。产业化经营是前提，企业化生产是方向，市场化营销增效益，科学化武装是出路。 四是玉磊合作社谋求发展的需要。2、可行性 一是生产环境条件具备。将邀

48、请省农业厅和农业部食品质量监督检验测试中心对玉磊合作社生产基地环境设施实地测试认为符合无公害农产品生产条件。 二是项目建设起点高，规模大。玉磊合作社具有无公害农产品生产及经营管理的经验和职工队伍；产品品种从引进到消化吸收最终形成产品均有一定的市场知名度和发展潜力。 三是有坚强的技术支撑。玉磊合作社与省农科院和吉林农大等科研院所保持着密切关系。 四是效益良好。除直接的经济效益外，还可安置就业人员200名，发挥龙头企业作用，带动农户八十户，为调整农业产业结构实现产业化发挥一定作用，为改善城郊环境景观也大有益处。第三章 产品市场需求预测及生产规模选择一、需求预测 1、无公害农产品在全国的产量比重不足

49、20%，品种数量比重不足30%，但随着无菌育种、无土栽培、大棚温室种植、渗灌滴灌、病虫害生物防治、转基因繁殖、多元杂交繁殖等等无毒害种养殖技术的创新应用，随着人们对新种养技术生产及加工产品的了解，无公害的农牧产口已普遍被人们作为消费的上品。 2、长春市市场上无公害农牧产品品种数量不少，且多是由外地进入的，主要是供应大型餐馆，平常百姓因其价格高、品种少、选择性低，未被普遍接受，尚未占据一定的市场规模。 3、作为食品，“无公害”是一种基本要求。但目前市场上的农产品，如蔬菜，要么有农药残留，要么是亚硝酸盐超标，对人体健康带来极大隐患。党和政府对此十分重视，在全国大、中城市逐步推行市场准入制度。因此，

50、无公害农产品的市场前景十分广阔。 4、随着人们的消费习惯、饮食结构、营养知识的不断改善，无公害食品将逐步取代传统蔬菜。二、生产规模选择 长春市的蔬菜年产量1.7亿公斤，可在淡季每月补充菜量供应1888万公斤；温室大棚蔬菜产量1.162亿公斤，每月有3472万公斤的缺口，自给率58。冬季从12月到第二年4月底，五个月仅有40日光温室可生产叶类菜，总产量在892万公斤左右，平均每月上市量178.4万公斤，每月有6198.6万公斤的缺口，自给率25。总体看，全市城市年消费蔬菜尚有44881万公斤的缺口，需从外埠调入，主要来源于海南、山东、河北、辽宁等省。 长春蔬菜日登市总量3000吨（300万公斤）

51、，玉磊合作社产业化基地生产的无公害果菜平均日产量90吨，仅占长春市场供应3%的市场份额。因此，公司产业化基地生产的无公害果菜以年产27000吨以上的市场保有量供应市场加上优良产品品质，跻身立足于于长春消费市场。 第四章 加工工艺方案及选址一、经营管理模式 在元宝村建设无公害蔬菜示范种植为基础，实行“合作社+基地+农户”、“产、学、研一体化”、“产、供、销”一条龙的经营管理方式。种苗以合作社大棚温室为龙头研究、试种，带动基地农户大面积种植。生产加工以统一用专用设备仪器清洗、分选、包装、储运。销售实行“优质优价的订单农业”向长春市的各大批发市场、超市、餐馆及集镇市场供货。二、加工工艺 1、种植：按

52、无公害生产条件栽培，大棚温室无土种植反季鲜菜，引用简易高效无土栽培基本方法。无土栽培技术。主要是利用各种农作物的秸秆或锯末、菇渣、糠渣、生活垃圾、沼气废料、畜禽粪便等农业生产废弃物，通过精量化制作成“全价富养基质”取代土壤，将其放进在普通大棚内开建的简易培养槽中使用配套研制的供水系统，盖上地膜，定植上植株，通过供水系统根据植物生长的需要，进行标准化精量供水，到生长旺盛期，在供水中补少量的“高效营养液”（一亩一年只需200公斤900元），这就是所有的投资。与普通大棚种植蔬菜投资一样并没有增加，不到常规无土栽培投资的1/10。相反可以控制病虫害不用打药（通过农业部蔬菜品质中心检测），省去大量的农药

53、费用。同时不需翻地、 整畦、除草、打药、浇水等繁重劳动，节省大量劳工费用，瓜菜的综合成本大大降低。其营养全面充足、水分协调合理、根系发达吸收代谢转换快，同时不受病虫为害，又能通过大棚调节温度，生长极快，不停的长不停的结，西红柿可结十几层果到顶都能长大，产量成倍增长，故而产量极高。经过农业部蔬菜品质中心按照绿色标准检测，未检出农药、化肥残留、营养指标远远高于绿色标准值，质量极优。简易高效无土栽培技术，投资和普通大棚蔬菜一样，产量成倍的上升，同时不用翻地、整畦、除草、打药、施肥、浇水的繁重劳动，实现了低投入、低成本、高产出、高效率的生产优质瓜菜的目的。其生产流程：全价富养基质： 利用秸秆畜禽粪便制

54、作植物生长的全价富养基质简易高效无土栽培技术的核心技术之一, 通过秸秆畜禽粪便制作植物生长的全价富养基质能被植物吸干用尽全部吸收，是根据不同品种不同材料经过精量化制作而成，其营养全面充足协调合理又干净卫生不带病虫害，养分还能适时适量释放，可连续种植4-5年，是植物营养的“蓄电池”（如果是按照植物生长最大需求量释放，必然导致营养浪费，基质寿命缩短），且通透性好，持水率高，十分适合植物生长，是植物生长的“乐土”。原料就是农业生产废弃物广泛易得、成本低廉、制作容易。不同的材料可制作出不同的品种的全价富养基质。高效营养液：针对“全价富养基质”和不同的植物营养匹配需求研制的系列产品，是利用生化技术制作而成，不是传统无土栽培用化学试剂配制的营养液，一亩一年只需要200公斤900元左右，与“全价富养基质”配合使用，能时时刻刻满足植物的营养需求从而达到高产量。高效营养液其费用之低、只有传统营养液的1/15、“固体专用肥”的1/4。同时避免了“固体专用肥料”的肥效缓慢、营养不全不足、不能满足植物营养要求、不能高产，且极容易伤根、施用不便、投工量大、成