定语从句 (6)

1、 1.定语从句定语从句： 由一个句子充当定语由一个句子充当定语 2.从句的位置：从句的位置：在名词或代词后在名词或代词后 3.先行词先行词： 被定语从句修饰的词被定语从句修饰的词 4.引导词引导词： 引导定语从句的词（关系代词和关系引导定语从句的词（关系代词和关系 副词副词) 5.引导词的作用：引导词的作用：(1)引导定语从句引导定语从句 (2)在从句中作一成份在从句中作一成份 (3)代替先行词在从句中的位置代替先行词在从句中的位置 作用作用例句例句 作主语作主语 We visited the factory which that makes toys for children. Most m

2、anagers who that are present at the meeting agreed to the plan. 作宾语作宾语 The student whomthatwho you want to see has come. The letter which that I received yesterday was from my father. 作定语作定语 The girl whose mother is a teacher works very hard. The room whose windows were broken was mine. 作状语作状语 In 19

3、98,he returned to the small town where he grew up. I still remember the day when I met him for the first time. The reason why he missed the speech was that he didnt catch the bus. 关系代词和关系副词的作用关系代词和关系副词的作用 引引 导导 词词 关系代词关系代词 关系副词关系副词 在定语从句中作在定语从句中作 主语或宾语主语或宾语 主语或宾语主语或宾语 宾语宾语 主语或宾语主语或宾语 定语定语 时间时间 地点地点

4、原因原因 状语状语 状语状语 状语状语 在从在从 句中句中 作宾作宾 语可语可 省去省去 先行词为先行词为 who that whom which whose 人人 物物/人人 人人 物物 某人某人/某物的某物的 When Where why 关系代词和关系副词如何区别？ 1.The reason _he missed the speech is that he forgot the time. 2.The reason_he gave us sounded reasonable. 3.Ill never forget the day _we spent together in Paris.

5、4.Ill remember the day_we stayed together at that time. 5.This is the factory_we visited last year. 6.This is the house _Lincoln once lived. why thatwhich thatwhich when thatwhich where 7.(1) He still lives in the room _window faces to the south. (2) He still lives in the room _is in the north of th

6、e city. whose which 8.(1)I will never forget the days _we studied together. (2)I will never forget the days _we spent together. when that 9.(1) The reason _he didnt come was that he was ill. (2) The reason _he explained is not true. why that 10.(1) We will meet at the same place_we met last month. (

7、2) We will meet at the same place _we visited last month. where that who,that （先行词为人）（先行词为人） 有区别吗？有区别吗？ 1.用用who不用不用that的情况：的情况： (1)当先行词为当先行词为one,ones,anyone,those时。时。 (2)当先行词为人称代词时。当先行词为人称代词时。 He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. Those who have any difficulty with pronunciation sh

8、ould practise more. 2. 用用that不用不用who的情况的情况： (1) 当先行词既是人又是物。当先行词既是人又是物。 (2)当句子出现一个当句子出现一个who等。等。 （3）关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。）关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。 He talked a lot about the things and persons that he had remembered there Who is the man that spoke to you just now? Mary is no longer the girl that she used to be. whic

9、h,thatwhich,that ( (先行词为物）先行词为物） 有区别吗？有区别吗？ 1.只用只用thatthat不用不用which which 的情况的情况： (1)先行词为先行词为much,little,few,nothing,none,anything,everything.all等不等不 定代词定代词 （2）先行词既是人又是物。）先行词既是人又是物。 （3）先行词为形容词的最高级或序数词）先行词为形容词的最高级或序数词。 （4）先行词被）先行词被the very,the only,the last,who等修饰时等修饰时。 All that can be done has been

10、done. He spoke of the things and persons that he had seen abroad. This is the very book that I am looking for. Who that has such a home doesnt love it? （5）关系代词在从句中作表语时）关系代词在从句中作表语时 China is no longer the country that it used to be. This is one of the best films that I have ever seen. 只能用只能用which whi

11、ch 的情况的情况: : 2. 引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时只能用引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时只能用which (1) The machine ,which I have looked after for many years ,is still working perfectly. (2)She failed the exam, which made her parents vary angry. (3)He saw a film, which was about the Long March. (4)My glasses,without which I was li

12、ke a blind man,fell to the ground and broke. 1.介词前置时关系代词只能用介词前置时关系代词只能用which(先行词为物先行词为物) Remember:Which Remember:Which 在这两种情况下即使在句中在这两种情况下即使在句中 作宾语也不能省。作宾语也不能省。 填一填填一填 比一比比一比 Those who _(break ) the law will be punished. Anyone who_(break) the law will be punished。 He is one of the students that _(c

13、ome ) from Australia. He is the only one of the students that _(be) praised by the teacher at the meeting yesterday. 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词要和先行关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词要和先行 词保持一致。词保持一致。 break breaks come was This is one of the most interesting books _were on show. (2) This is the only book _we need. (3) Ther

14、e is only a little _we can do to help you. (4) This is the very dictionary _we are looking for. that that that that 介词介词+ +关系代词关系代词 先行词为人先行词为人,关系代词用关系代词用 whom; 先行词为物先行词为物,关系代词用关系代词用which. 关系代词在介词后不能用关系代词在介词后不能用that,关系代词也不能省。如介词放在关系代词也不能省。如介词放在 句尾，引导词可用句尾，引导词可用that 或或who,而且可省去。而且可省去。 关系代词和关系副词可转换：关系代

15、词和关系副词可转换：where,when,why =介词介词+which 1.This is the reason _ _he left his hometown. (=why) 2.Ill never forget the day_ _ we stayed together. (=when) 3.This is the girl _ _I learned the news. 4.The person_ _ I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about. 5.Ill show you a store_ _you may buy al

16、l that you need.(=where) 6.I dont like the way_ _ you laughed at her.(=that;) for which on which from whom to whom in which in which 1. Do you like the book she spent $10? 2. Do you like the book she paid $10? 3. Do you like the book she learned a lot? 4. Do you like the book she often talks? 5. He

17、built a telescope he could study the skies. 6. There is a tall tree outside, stands our teacher. 7. China has a lot of rivers, the second longest _ is the Yellow River. 8. The tower _ people can have a good view is on the hill. 9. The man _ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at wrestling.

18、10. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year. on which for which from which about which through which under which of which from which to whom of which 介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 练习练习 问一问问一问： 1.Whose 指物时，可以与其他结构互换吗？指物时，可以与其他结构互换吗？ 2.介词短语要提前吗？介词短语要提前吗？ 3.固定词组

19、中的介词可以提前吗？固定词组中的介词可以提前吗？ This is the book whose cover is blue. This is the book_ _ _ _ is blue. This is the book _ _ _ _ is blue. the cover of which of which the cover They came to a house, in front of which sat a small boy. The baby that Im looking for is my sisters daughter. 练一练：练一练：下列句子有几种译法？下列句子

20、有几种译法？ 1. 这是我妈妈曾经住过的地方。这是我妈妈曾经住过的地方。 2.那儿有一座山，山顶总是被雪覆盖着。那儿有一座山，山顶总是被雪覆盖着。 Translation: 1. This is the room where my mother once lived. This is the room in which my mother once lived. This is the room (which/that) my mother once lived in. 2.There is a mountain there whose top is always covered with s

21、now. There is a mountain there the top of which is always covered with snow. There is a mountain there of which the top is always covered with snow. 基础巩固基础巩固 (Correct mistakes) 1.Do you like the bike your friend gave it to you? 2.This is the small village where I grew up in. 3.This is the very place

22、 where we visited many years ago. 4. There are ten students are playing basketball on the playground. 5. English is a subject I am interested. 6.The young man whom you are talking with has gone abroad. 7.Can you show me the book which have been translated into English by Smith? 8.The day will come w

23、hich everyone realize the danger of pollution. 9. That is the most difficult problem which Ive ever met with. 10.I will never forget the year on which we were both in America. （多词）（多词） （错用（错用 引导词）引导词） （漏引导词）（漏引导词） （漏介词）（漏介词） （错用介词）（错用介词） （主谓不一致）（主谓不一致） 想一想想一想 理一理理一理 学好定语从句最关键的是什么？学好定语从句最关键的是什么？ 定语从句

24、修饰主句中某个名词或代词，起着相当于形容词定语从句修饰主句中某个名词或代词，起着相当于形容词 （定语）的作用，所以也叫形容词性从句。句子那个被修饰（定语）的作用，所以也叫形容词性从句。句子那个被修饰 的词叫先行词。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后。要学好定的词叫先行词。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后。要学好定 语从句，最关键要掌握以下两点：语从句，最关键要掌握以下两点： 1.弄清关系代词和关系副词的区别：他们在定语从句中的作用弄清关系代词和关系副词的区别：他们在定语从句中的作用 不同。关系代词在从句中起名词的作用，在从句中担任主语，不同。关系代词在从句中起名词的作用，在从句中担任主语， 宾语，表语和

25、宾语。关系副词在从句中起副词的作用，在从句宾语，表语和宾语。关系副词在从句中起副词的作用，在从句 中担任状语。中担任状语。 2.掌握关系代词和关系副词的方法：主要看先行词（假如放到掌握关系代词和关系副词的方法：主要看先行词（假如放到 从句中）在从句中所担任的成份，所起的作用。从句中）在从句中所担任的成份，所起的作用。 能力提升能力提升 1. Is this flat _you once lived in? Is this the flat _you once lived in? Is this the only flat_you once lived in ? Is this the flat

26、 in _you once lived? Is this the flat _you once lived ? Is this the only flat _you once lived? A.which B.the one C.that D.where 2. All_we need is more time. All_is needed is more time. A.that B.which C. D.A and B the one which/that that which where where that/不填不填 that 4. Do you know the difficulty

27、I had _out the problem? A.to work B. working C.worked D.work 5.All_studied this question_come to the same conclusion. A.that has;has B.who has ;have C.who have;have 6.Is there a restaurant around_I can have something to eat? A.which B.where C,that D.what 7.The school_I studied ten years ago is _we v

28、isited yesterday. A.where ;that B.that ;which C.where; the one D.which;that 8.The man _you met just now will go to Nanjing to have a meeting. Which of the following can not be put in the blank? A.that B. whom C.which D. E.who B C B C C Well done!Well done! 定语从句几种句型归纳：定语从句几种句型归纳： 1.This is the most e

29、xciting football match that I have ever seen. 2.I dont like the way in which/that/不填不填 you laughed at others. 3.It is the third time that you have been late this week.ew It is the last time that I shall give you a lesson. 4.The reason why/that he didnt attend the meeting was that his mother was seri

30、ously ill. 5. The reason for his failure is that he didnt work hard. 三三.非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 定语从句有限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。非限制性定语定语从句有限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。非限制性定语 从句要注意以下几点从句要注意以下几点：（举例说明）：（举例说明） 1.His mother ,whom he loved dearly,went abroad. 2.This machine ,which he has looked after for many years ,is still wo

31、rking perfectly. 3.Aqiao,whose parents had died ,had to make a living by herself. 4.The family ,who lived upstairs,are fond of music. 说明说明：非限制性定语不能用非限制性定语不能用that 引导；引导； 作宾语用的关系代词不能省；作宾语用的关系代词不能省； 要用逗号隔开。要用逗号隔开。 限制性定语从句和非限性定语从句限制性定语从句和非限性定语从句 用法与区别用法与区别限制性定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 “限限”是先行词不可缺少的是先行词

32、不可缺少的 定语定语.如果省去，主句意思如果省去，主句意思 不完整或不明确；不完整或不明确；“非限非限” 只是附加说明。只是附加说明。 All the people were talking about the wonderful cloth The emperor had ordered to be woven They set up a state of their own,where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves. “限限”于主句之间不能用逗于主句之间不能用逗 号隔开；号隔开；“非限非限”与主句之与主句之 间要用逗号隔开。间要用

33、逗号隔开。 She is the nurse who looks after the children. The letter is from my sister,who is working in Beijing. “限限”可以用可以用that引导；引导； “非限非限”不能用不能用that引导引导 That is the very tool that we are looking for I saw a good film, which was about the Long March “限限”的关联词作宾语时可的关联词作宾语时可 省；非限则不可省；非限则不可 I will never fo

34、rget the day （that ）we spent together there His dog,which he liked very much, died yesterday. “限限”一般只修饰先行词；一般只修饰先行词； 非限既可修饰先行词，也可非限既可修饰先行词，也可 是前面的整个句子或句子的是前面的整个句子或句子的 一部分一部分 I have finished the novel that you lent me yesterday He suddenly fell ill, which prevented him from going to school. 难点解析：难点解析

35、： 关系代词作介词宾语的几种结构关系代词作介词宾语的几种结构： 1.介词介词 + whomwhich The woman general still remember the day on which she joined the army. 2.介词介词 短语短语 + whichwhom The fisherman lived in a small house in front of which lies a well. 3. 不定代词不定代词 或数词或数词 +whichwhom There are many books here , none of which belongs to me.

36、 China has a lot of famous writers, one of whom is Luxun. 4.名词名词+ of which She mentioned a magazine,the title of which I have forgotten. =she joined the army on that day =and a well lies in front of it. =and none of them belongs to me. =and one of them is Luxin =and I have forgotten the title of it

37、做做试试：做做试试： 1.He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten windows,most of _had not been cleaned for at least one year. 2.In the dark street, there was not a single person _ _she could turn for help. 3.China has a lot of islands ,the largest_ _is Taiwan. 4.The old lady had one son and two daughters,_ _ _trea

38、ted her well, _made her very sad. 5.There are forty students in our class,_ _20 are girls; the rest are boys. which to whom ofwhich none ofwhomwhich ofwhom 你知道吗你知道吗? ? As As 也可以用来引导定语从句也可以用来引导定语从句. 1.He is not such a man as only think of himself. 2.I should like to use the same pen as I used yesterd

39、ay. 3.Such problems as are often mentioned should be solved. 4.I will read as many books as are required. 5. Here is so big a stone as no one can lift. 当先行词与当先行词与as,so,such,the same as,so,such,the same 连用或先行词本身是连用或先行词本身是such,the such,the samesame时时, ,关系代词用关系代词用as. Asas. As在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。在从句中作主语、宾语或表语

40、。 比一比：比一比： the same ()as the same()that. (1) This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. 这支笔和我昨天丢失的一样这支笔和我昨天丢失的一样 (2) This is the (very) same pen that I lost yesterday. 这就是我昨天丢失的那支笔这就是我昨天丢失的那支笔 such/soas such/sothat (1)Last week our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem as none of us w

41、orked out. (2)It is such a heavy box that no one can lift it. 试一试试一试 This is the same book that/as I lent you. 请讨论请讨论：as ,which as ,which 引导非限制性定语从句引导非限制性定语从句 有什么不同吗？有什么不同吗？ 1.which的先行词可以是名词，的先行词可以是名词，as不可。不可。 (1) The meeting, which was held in the park,was a great success. (2) All the books , which

42、 have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him. 2.which和和as都可代替整个句子的意思，但都可代替整个句子的意思，但which引导的从句不引导的从句不 放句首。放句首。 (1)Crusos dog became ill and died ,which made him very lonely. (2)As we expected, Our football team lost the match again. 3.as 引导的从句有引导的从句有(正如正如),(就象就象),(由由而知）等含义而知）等含义. (1)Taiwan i

43、s a part of China,as is known to us all. (2)She is very careful,as her work shows, (3)The lady is very learned,as is said in the book. 定语从句和其它句型的转换定语从句和其它句型的转换 1.定语从句和分词短语作定语的转换：定语从句和分词短语作定语的转换： (1)There are lots of good English programmes which are broadcast on TV or the radio in China. -There are

44、lots of good English programmes _ on TV or the radio in China. (2)At one time there were long queues of people who were waiting outside the CAAC offices. -At one time there were long queues of people _ outside the CAAC offices. 分析基本规律：分析基本规律：从句是主动形式，用现在分词从句是主动形式，用现在分词; ; 从句是被动形式，从句是被动形式， 用过去分词。或者看定语

45、和被修饰词之间的关系，如果定语和被用过去分词。或者看定语和被修饰词之间的关系，如果定语和被 修饰修饰 词之间是主谓关系，用现在分词；如果定语和被修饰词之间是主谓关系，用现在分词；如果定语和被修饰 词之间词之间 是动宾关系，用过去分词；是动宾关系，用过去分词； broadcast waiting 2.定语从句和并列句定语从句和并列句 1. I have never seen the Tower of London, which used to be a prison. -I have never seen the Tower of London _ there used to be a pris

46、on. 2. I saw some trees, and the leaves of the trees were black with disease. -I saw some trees, the leaves of _were black with disease. 3. The professor is an ordinary-looking little man, on the nose of _ there is a pair of glasses. 4.On May 5 we reached Beijing, _ we stayed for a week.(=and there)

47、 5. In the reading room there is a table ,_you can sit there to read. A.at which B.in which C.where D.and 6.Toms mother kept telling Tom not to smoke, _ didnt help.(=but it) 分析：分析：是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的一个关键是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的一个关键 and which whom where D which 3.定语从句和状语从句定语从句和状语从句 (1)This is such a big stone

48、 _no one can lift it. This is such a big stone _no one can lift. (2)Please put the letter in the drawer _ _he can easily find it.(=where) Please put the letter_he can easily find it. (3) Please put the letter in which he can easily find it. 这句子正确吗？这句子正确吗？ 分析分析：（1 1）句从引导词来看，状语从句中的）句从引导词来看，状语从句中的that that 是连是连 词，在从句中不充当任何成分，而定语从句中的词，在从句中不充当任何成分，而定语从句中的asas在从句在从句 中要作一个成分（主语，宾语或表语）。中要作一个成分（主语，宾语或表语）。 that as in which where 4.定语从句和定语从句和 with介词短语介词短语 (1) The man with a hat