《苔丝》中修辞的翻译

1、苔丝中修辞的翻译contentsabstract (in english) iabstract (in chinese) iichapter i. introduction 1 a. relevant background 1 b. significance of the study 2chapter ii. literature review 3 a. review of the previous studies 3 b. summary based on the above-mentioned literature 5chapter iii. theoretical framework 6

2、 a. development of foreignization and domestication 6 b. foregnization 8 c. domestication 9chapter iv. foreignization and domestication in the rhetorical devices translation in tess of the durbervilles 11a. foreignization in the rhetorical devices translation of tess of the durbervilles 11b. domesti

3、cation in the rhetorical devices translation of tess of the durbervilles 15c. the relationship between foreignization and domestication 17chapter v. conclusion 19a. summary of the study 19b. suggestions for future research 20works cited 21摘要苔丝是一部著名的文学作品，修辞是该作品的重要组成部分，分析苔丝中修辞的翻译有助于更好的了解这部巨著。孙致礼译文中对修辞

4、的翻译是苔丝众多译文中的佼佼者，原因在于其翻译方法：归化与异化的恰当使用。本文将从归化与异化两个角度分析孙致礼对苔丝中修辞的翻译，旨在说明归化与异化是相辅相成的，在翻译过程中，应以归化为主，异化应为归化的归途。关键词：修辞翻译；异化；归化；苔丝abstracttess of the durbervilles is a famous literary work. rhetorical device is an important part of the literary work. analysis of literary translation in tess of the durbervil

5、les will make the masterpiece understandable. sun zhilis version is remarkable among the versions of all languages, which reflect the rhetorical devices using different methods of translation. the most important thing is the strategy, because sun prefers foreignization and domestication. the author

6、will analysis part of translation of rhetorical devices from foreignization and domestication in order to explain to complement with each other. yet the main method should be domestication, while foreignization should follow domestication during the translation process.key words: rhetorical device;

7、domestication; foreignization; tess of the durbervilleschapter i. introductiona. relevant backgroundthere is no doubt that thomas hardys tess of the durbervilles is a treasure in the literature of england even in the world. under hardys pen, the heroine tess is created as an attractive and warm-hear

8、ted pure woman, who has the quality of endurance and self-sacrifice. hardys descriptive language is beautiful, especially in relating the growing love between angel and tess at talbothays. the passion shown is so beautifully described, especially considering that there is nothing even beyond the rea

9、lm of suggestive. the same descriptive style, which i felt, made the mayor of casterbridge and bit cumbersome, plodding and difficult to get into has a wonderful vibrancy and color to it, so that you can perfectly picture tess and the little upward curve of her lip that drives angel mad. the natural

10、 description is also thoroughly detailed in typical hardy style, but once again has a beauty that the mayor of casterbridge didnt have.hardy weaves a complex tale which clearly has dire thoughts of his eras views of morals and religions and the hypocritical stance which said that men were unable to

11、control their sex and drives and therefore upper class men could have sex with as many peasant girls as they wished and have no reason to feel guilty. alec is painted as the devil, reappearing in different forms and appearing with pitchforks in all his mustached, victorian melodrama villain glory. h

12、ardy paints a sad picture of religion too, where minor doctrines are given more importance than forgiveness and kindness.all in all, tess is a beautiful book full of gorgeous language and suggestive passion, which in my view is unequalled. in old china,girls should be hard working, faithful, loyal,

13、intelligent, and virtuous and the most important thing was she must be a maiden! what about men? people did not care whether he was an experienced man or not, nor did they care about his character. they thought man equals power and power equals rights. now, lets not be so bitter. nowadays womens sit

14、uations have become much better. some are because of the change of society and some are because of civilization. just let those poor painful women like tess just a memory.b. significance of the studythis thesis gives a new definition to literature translation. it also states that literature translat

15、ion should follow domestication theory and foreignization theory. the version of tess of the durbervilles is a milestone of the culture communication and the development of translation. among all the versions, sun zhilis version is remarkable. sun zhili employs different methods of translation, with

16、 different purposes and yield different results. the most important translating methods are foreignization and domestication. and these two methods are not separated, but synthesized. but the main method should be domestication, while foreignization should follow domestication. tess of the durdervil

17、les is more important than in other novels, because of different characters have various novels and his translations directly reflect his own temperaments. meanwhile, sun suggests the characters destinies and the storys orientation. the understanding of the novels will correctly influence the meanin

18、g of the whole work. analysis of rhetorical devices translation will make the masterpiece more understandable. it is a breakthrough point to research the translation of tess of the durbervilles. the author will analyze part of translation of rhetorical devices from foreignization and domestication.

19、chapter ii. literature reviewa. review of the previous studies“figures of speech or stylistic devices” which means “ways of making our language figurative”(feng 3). when people choose language units to express their meaning, in order to make their language more vivid and more powerful, they will use

20、 certain rhetorical devices.“rhetoric” originals from a greek word “phtop (khetor)”, which is an art of using language for persuasion, in speaking or writing, or in oratory (j. a. cuddon 570). aristotle, the father of rhetoric gave his definition of rhetoric as “the art of discovering all the availa

21、ble means of persuasion in any given case” (aristotle 350). obviously, rhetoric of ancient greek was basically the methods of persuasion or oratory techniques. aristotle also stressed his view as “focused his discussion on the devices that an orator used in order to achieve the intellectual and emot

22、ional effects on audience that would persuade them to accede to his view point”(he 326).in recent years, some western rhetoricians made more analyses and summarizations about rhetoric on the basis of new view points. these rhetoricians also attach great importance to the relationship between rhetori

23、c and other subjects. george kennedy said in his book a hook in the dark: “rhetoric in the most general sense may perhaps be identified with the energy inherent in communication: three motional energy that impels the speaker to speak, namely, the physical energy expended in the utterance, the energy

24、 level coded in the message, and the energy experienced by the recipient in decode”(327). william cavino and david jolliffe gave their view about what is rhetoric as: “rhetoric is a primarily verbal, situational contingent, epistemic art that is both philosophical and practical and gives rise to pot

25、entially active text”(327).western rhetoric originated from ancient greek (fifth century b. c). at first, it was used at the court of testament inspection, and then became prosperous under the influence of democratic politics of ancient greek. around fourth centuries bc, aristotle systemized the sta

26、ndard of rhetoric. today, classical rhetoric refers to the rhetoric system established by aristotle and the further discussion of cicero and quinlian, which enriched this system. the oldest monograph about rhetoric is aristotles rhetoric. the rhetoric in the early stage mainly studied the basic elem

27、ents of oratory. the development of rhetoric can be divided into five stages: the classical time, the medieval time, the renaissance time, the enlightenment time and the modern time.however, the rhetoric of ancient greek was limited in the use of three forms of public oratory: legitimate oratory, po

28、litical oratory, and ritual oratory. later, rhetoric extended into the field of preach and all kinds of persuasive oratory and speech. classical rhetoric divided the writing process of persuasive oratory into five parts: invention, arrangement, style, memory, and delivery. they are also regarded as

29、the five basic elements of oratory. these five elements, until now, are still the basis of modern rhetoric.b. summary based on the above-mentioned literaturethe history of rhetoric is almost as long as that of human language. if one wants to exactly and vividly express his or her ideas in communicat

30、ion with others, he or she should fully take advantage of all kinds of language elements, and performs in appropriate language manners thus rhetoric came into being. in the interaction between human and nature, people created languages, and in the process of using languages, rhetoric was produced. s

31、o, rhetorical phenomena bear close and inherent connection with the development of languages. it is also the symbol of maturity, perfection, correctness and exquisiteness of language forms. sun zhilis version is remarkable because he used certain rhetorical devices, which made his language more vivi

32、d and more powerful.chapter iii. theoretical frameworka. development of foreignization and domesticationforeignization and domestication are first mentioned by an american scholar l. venuti. and this term is directly from a thesis of german scholar schleiemacher. in his thesis, schleiemacher home di

33、scusses the relation between translation and comprehension. he also points out that there are two kinds of situations. one is to make the readers close to the author and the other is to make the author close to the readers. if a translator makes the readers close to the authors cultural background,

34、the readers can feel the emotional appeal. in this paper, schleiemacher mentions a method: taking the author as the center or taking the readers as the center. this point of view influences the later theories a lot. in the past, many translators have their different opinions of whether the original

35、passage can be translated or not. to meet the need of the culture circulation, translation has been a necessary tool of transmitting the foreign cultures and introducing the domestic cultures.in recent 20 years, translation research emerges two tends. one is that translation theory is branded with c

36、ommunication theory; the other is to focus more on cultural translation than language translation. translation is not the transformation of language symbol but the transformation of culture. for translation refers to the culture transformations between two languages, the problem of the relationship

37、between language and culture comes. language and culture are undetachable. without language, culture cannot exist, while language is meaningful only if it can reflect the culture, because the first part that translation refers to is the meaning. meanwhile, the words are meaningful only if they relat

38、e to culture. since translation concerns to culture, the problem is how to deal with the culture factor in the text especially when the source language texts culture differs much with the target language culture. the translation circle has different attitudes toward handling the culture difference.

39、generally speaking, it can be divided into to ways: one is alienation and the other is adaptation. the former stands for source language or author oriented, while the latter is target language or reader oriented. if points of the culture transformation, the two methods are source language culture or

40、iented and target language culture oriented (guo 272-73).recently, a great number of translators argue that with which translating strategy, foreignization or domestication, we could translate better. there has been a heated discussion on which of the two methods is better, just like the debate betw

41、een foreignization and domestication. two attitudes present the argument of it in china. some experts believe that in the 21st century, china has more opportunity to communicate with other counties in economic, science, culture, and chinese people tend to spread chinese culture to the foreigners so

42、foreignization will be used more widely.in china, the dispute between foreignization and domestication originated from 1987, when liu yingkai bitterly attacked several bad things of domestication, and considered it as the wrong road of translation. sun zhili said “chinese translation should tend fro

43、m domesticating translation to foreignization”(sun 40). as the economic globalization and cultural communication developed, foreignization will be dominant in the translation strategies. foreignization will get more attention in literature translation.b. foreignizationforeignization is a term used b

44、y venuti to designate the type of translation in which a target translation is produced, which deliberately breaks target conventions by retaining something of the foreignness of the original. venuti sees the origin of such a concept in schleiermacher, who discusses the type of translation in which

45、“the translator leaves the author in peace, as much as possible, and moves the reader towards him” (venuti 19). early in the 1920s and 1930s of the last century, mr. lu xun put forward the advocate of foreignization not domestication. he said, “ translation has to cover the foreign appeal, that is,

46、the foreign flavor or style. there is, in fact, no completely domesticating or assimilating translation all over the world. it is, if any, seemingly in harmony but actually at variance. strictly distinguished, it does not refer to translation” (lu 56). unfortunately, his advocate did not evoke empha

47、sis to a great extent in translation field. domestication took the advantages for a long time. since the reform and opening policy, with the coming of the western translation theory, chinese translators and scholars have had a new cognition between foreignization and domestication. they recognize th

48、e importance of foreignization. as a matter of fact, form serves content, and certain form expresses certain content. the application of the expressions of the original can often express the original meaning accurately and thoroughly.c. domesticationdomesticating translation is a term used by venuti

49、 to describe the translation strategy in which a transparent, fluent style is adopted in order to minimize the strangeness of the foreign text for target language readers. venuti traces the roots of the term back to schleiermachers famous notion of the translation, which “leaves the reader in peace,

50、 as much as possible, and moves the author towards him” (19-20). however, for venuti the term domestication has negative connotations as it is identified with a policy common in dominant cultures which he are “aggressively monolingual, unreceptive to the foreign”, and which he describe as being accu

51、stomed to fluent translations that invisibly inscribe foreign texts with target language values and provide readers with the narcissistic experience of recognizing their own culture in a culture other” (15). the notion of invisibility is important here, as this is the term used to describe the trans

52、lators role in preparing a target translation likely to be acceptable in a culture where domesticating translation is standard; indeed, it is the translators very invisibility, which simultaneously “enacts and masks an insidious domestication of foreign texts”(16-17). an approach based on domesticat

53、ion will thus involve such steps as the careful selection of texts which lend themselves to being translated in this manner, the conscious adoption of a fluent, natural-sounding target language style, the adaptation of target translation to conform to target discourse types, the interpolation of exp

54、lanatory material, and the general harmonization of target translation with target language preconceptions and preferences. venuti argues that domestication is the predominant translation strategy in anglo-american culture, and that this is consistent with the asymmetrical literary relations which g

55、enerally exist between this and other cultures, he further argues that, sine domestication serves broader domestic agendas, it is necessary to strategies (mark & moira 43-44).chapteriv. foreignization and domestication in the rhetorical translation of tess of the durbervillesforeignization and domes

56、tication, evolving from literal and liberal, are also two methods in translating, which are different from literal and liberal methods. the main difference is that the focus of the literal and liberal methods is how to deal with the form and meaning in the linguistic structural forms of the original

57、, but the contribution of foreignization and domestication breakthrough the restriction of language and consider such aspects as language, culture and aesthetics. literal and liberal lie in the value of language aspects. foreignization and domestication base themselves upon the value in the cultural context. in other words, a translator is required to approach the author in foreignization method, and employ the expressions