国际结算(双语)

1、International Settlements 国际结算 国际结算课程的性质 国际结算是国际金融学的一个分支, 从微观角度探讨国际间货币运动的理论 与实务问题,主要研究结算工具,结算方 式和以银行为中心的资金划拨清算,其 主要目的在于以最科学,最有效的方法 来清算国与国之间以货币表现的债权债 务关系. 国际结算课程的性质 国际结算商业银行国际结算业务紧 密相关的,注重理论在实际业务中应用, 具有很强的专业性和实务可操作性,也 是一门适应我国银行业务与国际银行业 务接轨需要, 与国际惯例紧密联系,具有 很强国际性的专业课程. 国际结算课程的目的 通过国际结算的教学,要求学生能 够掌握国际结算

2、的基本理论,基本知识 和基本技能;做到理论与实际相结合,能 够运用理论知识为指导进行国际结算的 实务操作的实用型、实践型、实干型人 才。 国际结算课程所处的位置 先修课程为货币银行学、货币金 融学、国际金融学；后续课程包 括外汇银行会计,国际融资实 务、进出口单证实务等 国际结算的教学重点 以课堂讲授为主 课程的重点有两个： 一是国际结算方式,即汇款,托收,信用证; 二是国际结算单据.通过案例教学,实训 室软件模拟操作,习题练习等办法解决. About the course International settlements is a course of integrated theory（一

3、（一 体化理论）体化理论） with practice. It puts emphasis on the application of theory into actual business operations. Importer/ Importer/ Buyer Buyer ExporterExporter s s bankbank FundsFunds Goods/commoditiesGoods/commodities Exporter/ Exporter/ Seller Seller ImporterImporter s s bankbank Basic procedure of i

4、nternational settlements Shipping Co. FundsFunds GoodsGoods About the course International settlements is also a course of our country s banking business linking up with the world s banking business , it lays stress on handling international business in English in accordance with international pract

5、ice . Our Purpose For the sake of helping students to learn international settlements and to have a good grasp of basic theory , elementary knowledge and fundamental technical ability of this course ,so we teach partly in English . What will you learn in this course? 1. Three financial instruments:

6、bill of exchange（汇票）（汇票）, promissory note（本票）（本票）, check (cheque支票支票) 2. Three main international settlement methods remittance（汇款）（汇款）, collection（托收）（托收）, letter of credit（信用（信用 证）证） 3. Other documents commercial invoice（发票）（发票）, transport documents（运输单（运输单 据）据）, insurance documents（保险单）（保险单） 4. I

7、nternational customs and practice for international settlements URC522（托收统一规则）（托收统一规则）, UCP600（跟单信用证惯例）（跟单信用证惯例） How to study this course? 提前预习与课后复习结合; 理论知识与实务操作结合； 考勤和平时作业考察与考试相结合. Outline Chapter 1. Introduction to International Settlement Chapter 2. Instruments Chapter 3. Remittance Chapter 4. Co

8、llection Chapter 5. Letters of Credit Chapter 6. Documents Related to International Settlement and Examination Chapter 7. Other Methods of Settlement System Chapter 8. International Non-Trade Finances 1国际结算概述 2国际结算票据 票据基本知识 汇票及案例 本票及案例 支票及案例 3国际结算方式 汇款及案例 托收及案例 信用证及案例 银行保函、备用信用证及案例 5国际非贸易结算资 单据的基本知识

9、 单据的审核及案例 单据制作及范例 4国际结算单据 Chapter 1. Introduction to International Settlement 国际结算概述 In this chapter，you will learn： 1.1 Definition 1.2 Types of International Settlement 1.3 History and Development of International Settlement 1.4 Major Points Concerning International settlements 1.5 Bank relationshi

10、ps in international Settlements The origin Most international settlements originate from transaction in the world trade. International political, economic and cultural exchange inevitably leads to credits and debts owed by one country to another. 是一个国家由于对外贸易和经济合作以及政 治稳获交流活动而发生的以货币表现的款项 收付或债权债务结算。 Im

11、porter/ Importer/ Buyer Buyer ExporterExporter s s bankbank FundsFunds Goods/commoditiesGoods/commodities Exporter/ Exporter/ Seller Seller ImporterImporter s s bankbank Basic procedure of international settlements Shipping Co. FundsFunds GoodsGoods 1.1 Definition International payments and settleme

12、nts are financial activities conducted among different countries in which payments are effected or funds are transferred from one country to another in order to settle accounts，debts，claims，etc financial financial intermediaryintermediary convertible convertible currencycurrency 所谓国际结算，是指为清偿国际间的债权债务

13、 关系而发生在不同国家之间的货币收付活动 Principle for International settlements Each currency is cleared within the boundary of the issuing country. A Co.(exporter) USA B Co.(importer) Japan Chemical Bank USA Sumitomo Bank Japan Currency: Convertible Currency (1) Convertible currency in export country. (2) Convertible

14、 currency in import country. (3) Convertible currency in third country, generally referred to US currency. Absolutely convertible currency Limited Convertible currency Unconvertible currency ? ? ? Convertible Currency 可兑换货币也称自由外汇，是指一种货 币只要不受限制可以自由兑换成其他货 币，即为可兑换货币。作为可兑换货币 必须具备以下三个条件： （1）它能自由兑换成其他货币；

15、（2）它对国际性经常项目（即贸易与非 贸易项目）的支付不受限制； （3）该货币国的管理当局不采用或不实 行多种汇率制度或差别汇率制度。 国际结算中货币的使用原则： 出口“硬币”， 进口“软币” 非贸易收款“硬币”， 非贸易付款软币； 引进外资软币 也就是 收入“硬币” 支出“软币” 预先付款预先付款 装运时付款装运时付款 装运后付款装运后付款 交单后付款交单后付款 交单前预付交单前预付 交单时付款交单时付款 国国 际际 结结 算算 方方 式式 付付 款款 时时 间间 1.2 Types of International Settlement Most international payment

16、s originate from transactions in the world Trade. They are money transfers as a result of international clearing, such as: International trade settlement国际贸易 结算 International non-trade settlement国际 非贸易结算 .Current Account 1. Goods Buyer:address, telex/fax Goods Quality clause:the goods description, q

17、uality,specifications Quantity clause:weight, numbers, length, dimension, volume, capacity Packing clause:mode of packing, and its material Price clause:unit price, pricing currency , price terms used Deliver terms:time of delivery, port of loading and destination, transshipment, partial shipment ,m

18、ode of transportation Insurance clause:risks to be covered, the percentage of insurance Payment clause:payment method and its content Commodity inspection clause:how the right of inspection is determined,k the time, place and organization of inspection Claim clause , arbitration clause Size of the b

19、ank; Location of the bank; Services offered by the bank; Fundamental policies and strength of the bank; Physical features and personnel; Momentum of early start, etc. Agency arrangement Control documents Establish a correspondent relationship between two banks. What do control documents include? Con

20、trol Documents Lists of specimen of authorized signatures印鉴印鉴 Verify the messages, letters(airmailed) are authentic Telegraphic test keys密押密押 Verify the telex and cable are authentic Terms and conditions费率表费率表 SWIFT authentic key验证码验证码 是银行列示的所有有权签字的人的有权签字额度、签字范围、 有效签字组合方式以及亲笔签字字样。代理行可凭其核对对 方银行发来的电报、

21、电传等的真实性。 是两家代理行之间事先约定的专用押码，在发送电报时，由 发送电报的银行在电文前面加注，经接受电报的银行核对相 符，用以确认电报的真实性。 服务项目服务项目收费标准收费标准 汇出境外汇款汇出境外汇款 电汇电汇 汇款金额的汇款金额的 11，最低，最低5050元元/ /笔，最高笔，最高10001000元元/ /笔，另加收电讯费笔，另加收电讯费 票汇、信汇票汇、信汇 汇款金额的汇款金额的 11，最低，最低100100元元/ /笔，最高笔，最高12001200元元/ /笔，另加收邮费（如有）笔，另加收邮费（如有） 外币光票托收外币光票托收 光票托收光票托收 托收金额的托收金额的 11，最

22、低，最低5050元元/ /笔，最高笔，最高10001000元元/ /笔，另加收邮费笔，另加收邮费 买入外币票据买入外币票据 买入票据买入票据 票据金额的票据金额的 7.57.5，最低，最低5050元元/ /笔笔 现钞托收现钞托收 100100元元/ /笔，另加收邮费笔，另加收邮费 进口托收进口托收 进口代收金额的进口代收金额的 11，最低，最低100100元元/ /笔，最高笔，最高20002000元元/ /笔笔 跟单托收跟单托收 代收金额的代收金额的 11，最低，最低100100元元/ /笔，最高笔，最高20002000元元/ /笔，另加收邮费笔，另加收邮费 Bank of China (3)

23、Inter-bank account A current account or a checking account may be opened between banks with the establishment of a correspondent banking relationship. Any bank before opening an account in its correspondent bank, must be aware of the detailed conditions of this connection, such as amount of initial

24、deposit, minimum credit balance for covering the cost of services provided, interest rate of the account, overdraft permission, and how often the statement of account is sent. Depositor Depository Bank Current a/c XXX Depositor Bank Current a/c XXX Depository Bank 账户行账户行 开户行开户行 存款客户存款客户 账户行账户行 Nostr

25、o account往账 The Italian word “Nostro” means “our”. Nostro account is the foreign currency account(due from account)of a major bank with the foreign banks abroad to facilitate international payments and settlements.我行在它行开立的存款账户我行在它行开立的存款账户 Vostro account来账 The Italian word “Vostro” means “your”. The

26、Italian word “Vostro” means “your”. Vostro account is an account(due to account)held by a bank on behalf of a correspondent bank它行在我行开立的存款账户它行在我行开立的存款账户 Nostro account: is the foreign currency account (due from account) of a major bank with the foreign banks abroad to facilitate international settle

27、ments. From the point of Bank of China, a nostro account is our banks account in the books of an overseas bank, denominated in foreign currency. USD Account Bank of New York Bank of China 往往 账账 A BankB Bank Current a/c XXX B Banks currency A/C XXX is A Banks _a/c Nostro Vostro account: is the domest

28、ic currency account (due to account) held by a bank on behalf of a correspondent bank. From the point of view of Bank of China, a vostro account is an overseas banks account with us, denominated in RMB. Bank of China Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation,Ltd., Hong Kong RMB Account 来来 账账 A BankB

29、 Bank Current a/c XXX A Banks currency A/C XXX is A Banks _a/c, Vostro Exercise: Services provided by correspondents (1) Collecting checks, drafts, and other credit instruments; (2) Making loan or investments as agent for their customer banks; (3) Making credit investigations of firms that borrow in

30、 the open market; (4) Providing banks with foreign exchange facilities, including commercial and travelers checks; (5) Providing banks with funds/loans in case of need. Attention: Major Points Concerning International Payments and Settlements are: 国际支付与结算应注意的主要问题 (1)International payment and settlem

31、ent methods； (2)The financial instruments that facilitate international payments and settlements； (3)Documents used in international payments and settlements； (4)The currencies used in international payments and settlements； (5)Rules and regulations on international payments and settlements Thinking

32、 1、什么是国际结算？其发展经历了哪 几个阶段？ 2、国际结算的特征是什么？ 3、简述银行海外机构网络的构成。 4、国际结算的三种基本结算方式是什 么？ Chapter 2. Instruments 信用工具 In this chapter，you will learn： 2.1 credit instrument 2.1.1Definition of credit instrument 2.1.2The functions of a negotiable instrument 2.1.3The characteristics of each instrument 2.1.4Instrumen

33、ts law system 2.2 The three important negotiable instruments： Bill of exchange，promissory note and cheque, The essentials of each instrument 2.1 credit instrument 2.1.1 Definition of credit instrument A credit instrument is a written or printed paper by means of which funds are transferred from one

34、person to another. Credit instruments most commonly used in international payments and settlements are bills of exchange, promissory notes and checks. They are also known, negotiable instruments. Credit instruments may also take such forms as travelers cheque, certificates of deposit， treasury bills

35、, treasury bonds, etc. Instruments characteristic: 1)Negotiability 2)Non-causative Nature 3)Requisite in Form 4)Presentment 5)Return-ability 流通性流通性 无因性无因性 要式性要式性 提示性提示性 返还性返还性 Negotiable Instrument A negotiable instrument is a chose in action, the full and legal title to which is transferable by del

36、ivery of the instrument (possibly with the transferors endorsement) with the result that complete ownership of the instrument and all the property it represents passes freely from equities to the transferee, providing the latter takes the instrument in good faith and for value. Negotiable instrument

37、 in broad sense Two words relative to transfer a negotiable instrument 流通票据是一种法定的财产，这种流通票据是一种法定的财产，这种 财产的全部或法定的权益可以通过财产的全部或法定的权益可以通过 交付进行转让（可以凭转让方的背交付进行转让（可以凭转让方的背 书），其转让的结果是只要受让人书），其转让的结果是只要受让人 是正当取得或者支付对价而取得该是正当取得或者支付对价而取得该 财产，该票据的全部所有权及其所财产，该票据的全部所有权及其所 代表的财产权益将转移给受让人。代表的财产权益将转移给受让人。 conprehensiv

38、e 广义的票据 狭义的票据 泛指一切有价证券和各种凭证 以支付金钱为目的的 可以转让流通的特种证券 狭义票据是国际结算的重要工具: Bill of Exchange(汇票)、 Promissory Note(本票)和 Cheque(支票)。 Instruments characteristic: 1) Negotiability流通性流通性 A negotiable bill may be payable to the order of a specified person. A negotiable bill may be payable to bearer. A bill on which

39、 the only or last endorsement is an endorsement in blank may be negotiable. A bill payable to a specified person does not contain words prohibiting transfer or indicating an intention that it should not be transferable , it may also be negotiable. Bill of exchange 汇票汇票 Check/cheque支票支票 Promissory No

40、te本票本票 Dividend warrant 股利单股利单 Bearer bond 不记名债券不记名债券(流通债券流通债券) Bearer scrips 持有人凭证持有人凭证 Debenture payable to bearer 不记名信用债券不记名信用债券 Share warrant payable to bearer 不记名股份证书不记名股份证书 Treasury bill 国库券国库券 Certificate of deposit 存单存单 Kinds of negotiable instrument in broad sense Instruments characteristic

41、: 2)Non-Causative Nature无因性无因性 The reason(s) of issue or endorse need not to write on the face of the bill. 3) Requisite in Form要式性要式性 The bill must contains the prerequisite items required by the law. Instruments characteristic: 4）presentment提示性提示性 Present for payment Present for acceptance 5）Retur

42、n ability返还性返还性 Return them back to issuer Functions of Instruments 1) As a means of payment 2) As a credit instrument 3) As a transferable instrument Instruments law system 1)British and USA legal system:the British Commonwealth of Nations and USA. British Legal System “Bill of Exchange Act”,1882,

43、drafted by Chambers; Article 172: Bill of Exchange Article 73 82: Cheque Article 83 89: Promissory Note Article 90 97: Cheque (1957 Revision) USA legal system “Uniform Negotiable Instrument Law,drafted by Crawford; “Uniform Commercial Code”: Chapter 3:Commercial Paper Instruments law system 2)Contin

44、ental legal system: the main countries in the European Continent. “Uniform Law for Bills of Exchange and Promissory Notes”, signed at Geneva, 1930 “Uniform Law for Cheques”, signed at Geneva, 1931 2.2 The three important negotiable instruments： (1) Bill of exchange汇票汇票 (2) Promissory note 本票本票 (3) C

45、heque 支票支票 Review回顾 一、Definition of credit instrument票据的概念? conprehensive 广义的票据 狭义的票据 泛指一切有价证券和各种凭证 以支付金钱为目的的 可以转让流通的特种证券 狭义票据是国际结算的重要工具: Bill of Exchange(汇票)、 Promissory Note(本票)和 Cheque(支票)。 二、票据的特性二、票据的特性: 1)Negotiability 2)Non-causative Nature 3)Requisite in Form 4)Presentment 5)Return-ability 流

46、通性流通性 无因性无因性 要式性要式性 提示性提示性 返还性返还性 Promissory Note For USD99,999.00 New York, April 1, 2001 On the 20th June 2001 fixed by the promissory note we promise to pay BA the sum Of ninety-nine thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine US Dollars only For and on behalf of DC (signed) we promise to pay Maker and

47、 payer are the same person 支票存根支票存根 第二节第二节 汇票汇票 一、Bill of Exchange /Draft/Exchange 汇票的定义 二、Essentials of a bill of exchange汇票 的要式项目 三、Acts of a bill of exchange汇票的票 据行为 四、Types of bill of exchange汇票种类 一、汇票一、汇票Bill of Exchange /Draft/Exchange As in the Bills of Exchange Act 1882 A bill of exchange is

48、 an unconditional order in writing, addressed by one person to another, signed by the person giving it, requiring the person to whom it is addressed to pay on demand or at a fixed or determinable future time a sum certain in money to or to the order of a specified person , or to the bearer. 汇票是由出票人向

49、另一人签发的，要求即期、定汇票是由出票人向另一人签发的，要求即期、定 期或在可以确定的将来的时间，向某人或其指定期或在可以确定的将来的时间，向某人或其指定 人或来人无条件地支付一定金额的书面命令。人或来人无条件地支付一定金额的书面命令。 Three basic parties drawer出票人出票人 drawee Payee 收款人收款人 payer 付款人付款人 Present for payment Present for acceptance issue Nature: unconditional order in writing Basic three parties Tenor A

50、mount How to understand the definition of a bill of exchange? drawer drawee payee on demand/at sight fixed future time determinable future time amount in figures amount in words 二、 Essentials of a bill of exchange汇票的基本项汇票的基本项 目目(必要项目必要项目) The word “Exchange”汇票字样汇票字样 An unconditional order in writing

51、无条件支付命令无条件支付命令 Amount 金额金额 Tenor 付款期限付款期限 Date and place of Issue出票时间地点出票时间地点 Name and address of the drawee 付款人名称地址付款人名称地址 Name or business entity of the payee 收款人名称收款人名称 Drawers signature(s)出票人签名出票人签名 specimen 汇票字样汇票字样 无条件支付命令无条件支付命令 金额金额 Tenor 付款期限付款期限 出票时间地点出票时间地点 付款人名称地址付款人名称地址 收款人收款人 名称地址名称地址

52、出票人及签名出票人及签名 An unconditional order in writing *Unconditional:Condition terms cannot be accepted. *Order: It must be expressed in command . *In writing: You can draw and read a bill of draft. 须用须用祈使句型祈使句型： At_ sight pay to AAA Co. or order the sum of five thousand US dollars only。 而不应使用带有而不应使用带有“I s

53、hould be please if you would kindly pay”等虚拟文句等虚拟文句。 *Order:Correct writing *Unconditional:Condition terms cannot be accepted. 不允许出现任何限制支付的文句或附带 条件。 如“Pay to B Company one thousand US dollars after it makes a blank endorsement on the back of the draft” 即不符合汇票的这一要式规定 *Unconditional:Condition terms can

54、not be accepted. 若支付命令指示从某特定账户中支付款 项，如“Pay B company the sum of one thousand US dollars from your N0.3 account”， 表明汇票款项的支付取决于该账户中是 否有足够的款额，所以该项命令违背了 “无条件支付”要式规定。 *Unconditional:Condition terms cannot be accepted. 汇票中加列表明汇票开立原因的出票条 款，如在国际贸易结算中，出票人常在 汇票中加列诸如“Drawn under documentary credit N0.1357 of C

55、 Bank” 之类出票条款， 仍符合无条件支付命令的要式规定。此 类汇票仍具有法律效力。 Make choice of whether the following bills are acceptable or not. Mark “X” before acceptable or unacceptable you choose. Explain the reason how do you make the choice? (1) A bill shows : Pay to ABC Co. providing the goods in compliance with contract No. 1

56、23 the sum of one thousand US dollars. It is acceptable/acceptable/unacceptableunacceptable X (2) A bill shows: Pay to ABC Co. the sum of ten thousand US dollars on condition that shipment of goods has been made. It is acceptable/unacceptable. (3) A bill shows: Pay from our No. 2 account to ABC Co.

57、the sum of one thousand US dollars. It is acceptable/unacceptable. X X (4) A bill shows: Pay to ABC Co. the sum of one thousand US dollars and chargedebit same to applicants account maintained with you. It is acceptable/unacceptable. (5) A bill shows: Pay to ABC Co. the sum of one thousand US dollar

58、s drawn under L/C No. 13234 issued by XYZ Bank New York dated on 15 August 200X. It is acceptable/unacceptable. X X Tenor S Si ig gh ht t b bi il ll l 定定期期付付款款 汇汇票票 板板期期付付款款汇汇票票 延延期期付付款款汇汇票票 U Us sa an nc ce e b bi il ll l 见见票票远远期期 汇汇票票 出出票票远远期期 汇汇票票 固固定定日日期期后后 远远期期汇汇票票 At xx days/xx months after si

59、ght pay to_ At xx days/xx months after date pay to_ At xx days/xx months after 10, July pay to_ At xx days after the date of Bills of Lading pay to_ At xx days after presentation of documents pay to_ On 24, January fixed pay to_ At sight pay to On demand pay to On presentation pay to Pay to Tenor 付款

60、期限付款期限 到期日计算口诀 “算尾不算头算尾不算头；月为日历月月为日历月, ,月月 之同日为到期日，无同日即月之同日为到期日，无同日即月 之末日付款之末日付款；假日顺延假日顺延 。” a“At _ days after sight/date” 16, May 31, May，16 days； 1, June 30, June，30 days； 604614 the maturity date is 14, July. At 60 days sight, acceptance date is 15, May. b.“after _month(s)” At one month after 15