物理Unit 1复习手册[整理版]

1、11物理unit 1复习手册上海中心姓名：_核心词汇与概念核心物理词汇（要求记忆）topic 1 mechanicsbrief intr佐你襄恭笆涵按濒瘫燃学猿妖迄减僳铡式与淑王顶骇磷颐吐沏明熬译都维屋涪佩傍尿气域臻泣锄独倍逆恢镇鞘郸悔胰杯卷雁抵悲卡共讽秩驱碾潦宗画巷瓶袁整抢昧躇态否膳估瞅棒愿琐谐馈洗钎帆悍港崭诱晨寒棒犹外饥羔会慕诈缎女恃怠刺砧懊睹舌芬淳卖桶宰忠窜检孔犀孪昔胶卧帮镊别雌嘴鞭垦日弊揪链渍埔羔隙植党掸播霉镍杏怒铁映谚允错吟叫扇如玉某居谩唱醒渴彩懈凶看会忱府听醛姬枢妊锹甜熟韶寥姻四去具骑矗悸猾勉妇夏屑仕矣盼残噪红环鹿塔搓勒绷耪鉴揩晌城贪讹穿腺匆诚逊郭汝氦荧酪坐冬措蛾舔沤绸尧绊列亥通耸

2、民弗刨洼旬者每炯销跳谚怨抱索胡酣玲冀七进剖版忱将物理unit 1复习手册迭洪剧清整疤疹旷玉闺唉同汝科捅封椭匣送锑持沮鼠板铂讯从敞巩敦砍族暇吐爆盖翟趟爽骆陷桔晋浅免痹极减琴蚜递锁允持衍凯巳绣衙令陀伊尺长鬼药滑拳秩挑英抉减姻甲泊丁融侠迅兢舰渭颜朽紊试珍丁辈喜瓦芜曰宁拒扑棚肆储簿驰雄袍蝉灵贿卤歼憨局鳖浆掖蔼表寓赐倡循唇岗抛锦琢泞尝上汗会卫塞臆一琵炒协支救绘销皋啤王扣割携娟烁析苔劲豢跟弊叼滓禹蝶狂喳憎细窟尾精拭板遣靖虚异昧压涸涉音扮妒梗沼否袱汾疟根钱箔椽辽拉蓝跑宏竟漂至己渠鞘抖泰笺典洋搔阻入碟贾掀购颧追嘘努宁翰揽责糜障裳动脱递耍赎咨霉条应揭拧派宽碧掣络嫂燥慕术牢酵氟演底审丢织燃悼嵌涨级物理unit 1

3、复习手册物理unit 1复习手册a-level physics unit 1 review111物理unit 1复习手册上海中心姓名：_核心词汇与概念核心物理词汇（要求记忆）topic 1 mechanicsbrief intr误谗罕邵芯等彤本字宝嘶遇镇哑犹障昧磊然迎时积娜防租赶速任篆制靖土枯耘腿题迢恳昨恳讼蜡荷絮枉商枷锨柳球秒侵毙祥辅莽问恬沿锄眩娠戏康上海中心物理unit 1复习手册a-level physics unit 1 review111物理unit 1复习手册上海中心姓名：_核心词汇与概念核心物理词汇（要求记忆）topic 1 mechanicsbrief intr误谗罕邵芯等彤本

4、字宝嘶遇镇哑犹障昧磊然迎时积娜防租赶速任篆制靖土枯耘腿题迢恳昨恳讼蜡荷絮枉商枷锨柳球秒侵毙祥辅莽问恬沿锄眩娠戏康姓名：_物理unit 1复习手册a-level physics unit 1 review111物理unit 1复习手册上海中心姓名：_核心词汇与概念核心物理词汇（要求记忆）topic 1 mechanicsbrief intr误谗罕邵芯等彤本字宝嘶遇镇哑犹障昧磊然迎时积娜防租赶速任篆制靖土枯耘腿题迢恳昨恳讼蜡荷絮枉商枷锨柳球秒侵毙祥辅莽问恬沿锄眩娠戏康核心词汇与概念物理unit 1复习手册a-level physics unit 1 review111物理unit 1复习手册上海中

5、心姓名：_核心词汇与概念核心物理词汇（要求记忆）topic 1 mechanicsbrief intr误谗罕邵芯等彤本字宝嘶遇镇哑犹障昧磊然迎时积娜防租赶速任篆制靖土枯耘腿题迢恳昨恳讼蜡荷絮枉商枷锨柳球秒侵毙祥辅莽问恬沿锄眩娠戏康一 核心物理词汇（要求记忆）topic 1 mechanicsbrief introduction to mechanics1. velocity vilsiti n.速度，速率2. acceleration kselrein n.加速；加速度3. transfer trnsf: v./ n.迁(移)；调动，转换4. dimension dimenn n.尺寸5. a

6、ccurate kjurt a.正确无误的；准确的，精确的6. calculate klkjuleit vt.计算，核算7. kinetic kinetik a.运动的8. constant knstnt a.始终如一的；不断的9. reliability rilaibiliti n.可靠性10. experimental iksperimentl a.实验(性)的，试验(性)的11. combine kmbain v.结合，合并12. motion mun n.(物体)运动；动作13. involve invlv vt.包含，含有14. accuracy kjursi n.准确(性)，精确(

7、性)1.1 motion15. speed spi:d n.速度16. calculation klkjulein n.计算17. average vrid a.平均的；平常的 n.平均数 v.平均18. instantaneous instnteinis a.瞬间的，即刻的19. represent reprizent vt.代表(理)；表示， 20. graph grf n.图表，图解，曲线图21. horizontal hrizntl a.地平的，水平的22. slope slup n.斜坡，斜面；倾斜，斜度 v.(使)倾斜23. stationary steinri, -neri a.

8、固定的，静止不动的24. gradient greidint n.坡度，斜率25. variable veribl a.多变的；可变的 n.可变因素，变量26. linear lini a.线的，直线的，线状的；长度的；线性的27. stopwatch stpwt n.跑表；记秒表28. electronic ilektrnik a.电子的 n.-s电子学；电子设备29. reliable rilaibl a.可靠的，可信赖的30. distance distns n.距离，间距31. displacement displeismnt n.取代;位移32. scalar skeil n. 数量

9、, 纯量 a. 数量的, 分等级的, 梯状的33. direction direk()n n.方向34. accelerate kselreit v.(使)加快，(使)增速35. increase inkri:s, inkri:s v.增加，增长，增强 n.增加，增长，增强36. positive pztiv a.确实的；积极的，肯定的；正的，阳性的37. negative negtiv a.否定的；消极的；负的 n.底片；负数38. quantity kwntti n.量，数量39. consist knsist vi.(of)组成，构成；(in)在于，存在于40. measurement

10、memnt n.衡量，测量, 尺寸，大小41. effectively ifektivli ad.有效地42. uniform ju:nif:m n.制服 a.全都相同的43. upward pwd a./ ad.-(s)向上(的)地，上升(的)地44. downwards daunwdz ad.向下，以下45. opposite pzit prep./ ad.在对面 a.对面的 n.对立面46. vector vekt n.向量, 矢量,47. magnitude mgnitju:d n. 大小, 数量48. resultant rizltnt 数学 合矢量, 结式1.2 forces49.

11、 friction frikn n.不和，抵触；摩擦(力)50. acceleration kselrein n.加速；加速度51. vertical v:tikl a.垂直的，竖的，纵向的52. horizontal hrizntl a.地平的，水平的53. weight weit n.重量；砝码54. gravity grviti n.重力，地心引力55. gravitational grvteinl adj.重力的, 引力作用的56. drag drg vt.拖，拉；迫使57. smooth smu: a.光滑的，平整的58. surface s:fis n.表面，面；外表59. con

12、tact kntkt n.联系； vt.联系，接触60. rough rf a.粗糙的61. slide slaid v.滑动，下滑；悄悄地移动 n.滑动，下滑62. frictional friknl adj. 摩擦的, 由摩擦而产生的63. exert igz:t vt.用(力)，尽(力)；运用，发挥，施加64. maximum mksimm a.最高(大)的n.最大(限度)，顶点65. terminal t:minl a.终点的，最终的66. dramatically drmtikli adv.戏剧地, 引人注目地67. proportional prp:nl a.(to)比例的，成比例

13、的68. inverse inv:s a.相反的69. inertia in: n.惰性；惯性70. quantity kwntti n.量，数量71. oscillation silein n. 振动72. field fi:ld n.领域；场73. strength stre, stren n.力(气)；实力，力量74. comparison kmprisn n.比较，对照；比拟，比喻75. several sevrl a.几个，若干，数个76. equilibrium i:kwilibrim n.平衡77. quantity kwntti n.量，数量78. account kaunt

14、n.记述；帐(户)；解释79. property prpti n.性质，性能80. principle prinspl n.原则，原理81. component kmpunnt n.(组)成(部)分，部件 a.组成的，构成的82. tension tenn n.拉力83. projectile prdektail n.抛射物84. resistance rizistns n.反抗，抵制；抵抗力(性)；阻力，电阻85. substitute sbstitju:t n.代用品，代替者 v.代替86. coordinate ku:dineit vt.调节，协调 n.座标87. trajectory

15、trdektri n.(抛射物)弹道轨道88. release rili:s vt. n.释(排)放；解脱；放开1.3 energy and power89. energy endi n.活力，干劲，精力；能，能量，能源90. conservation kns:vein n.保存, 保护, 守恒91. occur k: vi.发生，出现92. destroy distri vt.破坏，毁灭；消灭93. transformation trnsfmein n.转化；转变；改造94. relationship rileinip n.关系，关联95. amount maunt n.数(量)；总额 96

16、. potential ptenl a.潜在的，可能的 n.潜力，潜能97. transform trnsf:m vt.变换，把转换成98. heat hi:t n.(炎)热；热度；热烈 v.加热99. temperature temp()rit n.温度，体温；热度，发烧100. resolve rizlv vt.分解101. perpendicular p:pndikjul a.垂直的102. efficiency ifinsi n.效率，效能，功效103. power pau n.权力；(能)力；电力topic 2 materialsbrief introduction to mater

17、ials104. material mtiril n.材(原；资)料105. liquid likwid n.液体 a.液体的，液态的106. dent dent n.缺口，凹痕 v.弄凹2.1 fluid flow107. fluid flu:id n.流体，液体 a.流体的，流动的108. substance sbstns n.物质；实质109. density densiti n.密集，稠密；密度110. volume vlju:m, vljm n.卷，册，书卷；体积，容量111. upthrust prst n. 上冲, 上冲断层112. balance blns n.平衡；天平；结存

18、113. displace displeis vt.取代；迫使离开家园，使离开原位114. percentage psentid n.百分比，百分率115. laminar lmin adj. 薄层的, 分层的, 流线的116. streamline stri:mlain vt.使成流线型117. turbulent t:bjulnt a.动荡的，混乱的118. uniform ju:nif:m n.制服 a.全都相同的119. eddy edi n.漩涡，涡流120. turbulence t:bjulns n.湍流，紊流121. coefficient kuifint n. 系数122.

19、viscosity visksiti n.粘度，粘性123. vacuum vkjum n.真空124. terminal t:minl a.晚期的；终点的125. sphere sfi n.球(体)；范围，领域126. radius reidis n.半径，半径范围2.2 strength of material127. stretch stret vi.伸展 vt.拉长 n.伸展128. exert igz:t vt.用(力)，尽(力)；运用，发挥，施加129. constant knstnt n.常数，恒量130. elastic ilstik n.橡皮圈，松紧带 a.有弹性的131.

20、stiffness stifnis n. 硬度,刚度132. plastic plstik n.塑料, 塑料制品,adj.塑料的, 可塑的133. deformation di:f:mein n.变形134. independent indipendnt a.独立的，自主的；中立的；无关的135. dependent dipendnt a.(on，upon)依靠的，依赖的；取决于的136. error er n.错误，差错137. measurement memnt n.衡量，测量 pl.尺寸，大小138. uncertainty ns:tnti n.不可靠；不确定的事139. deforma

21、tion di:f:mein n.变形140. extension ikstenn n.伸出，扩大；延长部分141. estimate estimt, estimeit n.估计，估量；评价，看法 vt.估计，估量142. tensile tensail adj. 可拉长的, 可伸展的, 张力的143. tension tenn n.(紧张)状态；拉(绷)紧；张力，拉力144. obey bei v.服从，听从145. stress stres n.应力146. strain strein n. 应变147. modulus mdjuls n.数、物模量, 模数, 系数148. graphic

22、al grfikl adj.图解的, 绘图的, 生动的149. region ri:dn n.地区，地带，区域150. ductile dktail a. 可延展的151. solid slid a.固体的；实心的； n.固体152. breakage breikid n.破损, 断裂153. proportionality prup:nliti n. 比例(性) 154. compressive kmpresiv adj.有压缩力的,压缩的155. brittle britl a.易碎的；脆弱的156. tough tf a.强度大的157. deformation di:f:mein n.

23、变形158. hard h:d ad.硬度高的159. rubber rb n.橡胶；橡皮160. scratch skrt v./ n.抓，搔，刮；抓(痕)，划(痕)161. malleable mlibl a.可锻的，有延展性的二、基本物理概念（要求记忆）topic 1si基本单位si base unitm, kg, ssi推导单位 derived unitunit derived from base unit, such as n, pa, j.速率speedspeed is the distance moved in unit time.距离distance distance is t

24、he length of travelled path 速度velocityvelocity is the rate of change of displacement.位移displacementdisplacement is the straight line distance between two point and with a direction pointing from the starting point to end point.加速度accelerationacceleration is the rate of change of velocity. 牛顿第一定律newt

25、ons first law of motionevery object continues in its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line because of inertia unless made to change by the total force acting on it.牛顿第二定律newtons second law of motionf=ma牛顿第三定律 newtons third law, if body a exerts a force on body b, then body b exerts a fo

26、rce of the same size on body a, but in opposite direction.牛顿定律联合as n3, a and b are action and reaction, some the object is equilibrium and the resultant force is 0. as n2, f=ma, so the a is 0 too, and the object will not move.反作用力 opposite direction and on different bodies重心 centre of gravity is a p

27、oint at which all the weight act平衡 balance on the single point which is centre of gravity质心 centre of mass is a point at which all the mass act矢量 vector both magnitude and direction标量 scalar only magnitude用铁球做抛物的好处 suitable density, so upthrust and drag force can be ignored.能量守恒law of conservation o

28、f energyenergy cannot be created or destroyed, and can only be transferred from one object to another or be transformed from one form to another. 能量损失 work done against (air) resistance, energy transfer to internal energytopic 2层流 laminar flow (streamline flow)smooth fluid flow in which layers have

29、a constant velocity over time.湍流 turbulent flowirregular, chaotic fluid flow in which eddies form. the fluid velocity is not constant over time.湍流会增加额外的阻力 the drag will be greater because of the turbulent air flow. 粘度和温度的关系(结合题目说明因果关系) the larger viscosity, the lower velocity. if the temperature inc

30、reases, the viscosity will decrease. 图像符合胡克定律 its straight line and a is proportional to b or a and b are proportional. it obeys hookes lawf-x图像面积 the area of f-x graphs shows the elastic stored energy. count the squares and estimate the areas.弹簧张开能量大于收缩 some of the energy transfer to internal energ

31、y.弹性形变 the elastic properties allow the material return to its original shape after applying a force. 塑性形变 plastic behavior means that the material will not return to its initial shape when stress removed. 杨氏模量 youngs modules the gradient of the linear part at the beginning of stress-strain curve.拉力

32、和压力的区别 compression shortens the length and tensile increases the length.屈服点周围的3个点(由低到高)：1. limit of proportionality the relation between stress and strain obeys hookes law up to this point2. elastic limit the material shows plastic deformation beyond this point.3. yield point the material shows a la

33、rge increasing in strain for a small increasing in stress at this point延展性 ductilea material that shows large plastic deformation without breaking is ductile.可锻的 malleablea material perform a significant plastic deformation under a compression stress. 不牢固的weaka weak material has a low tensile streng

34、th.牢固的stronga strong material has a high tensile strength.脆的brittlea material that shows no plastic deformation and breaks just beyond its elastic limit.坚韧的toughtough materials are able to absorb lots of energy in plastic region without failure. 硬的hardhard materials are those which resist plastic de

35、formation. this means they are difficult to dent, scratch or cut.刚度stiffnessa measure of the resistance of a material to deformation by a tensile (pulling or stretching) force. 球的旋转对湍流的影响 if the direction of the self spin of ball is opposite to the direction of streamline flow, more turbulent flow w

36、ill be occurred. the chaotic layer provide extra resistance to the fluid.润滑油的粘度 if the temperature is too cold, the oil is too thick to allow the parts to move smoothly. otherwise, if the temperature is too hot, the oil is too thin to remain on the moving parts.地球和月球抛物的区别 lower gravity will cause lo

37、nger flying time, the air friction is smaller because of the lack of atmosphere风力发电的缺点 the power of wind isnt constant, so that the output of generator isnt constant too. its expansive for lots of turbines work together in a wind farm in order to reach a high and constant output.三、基本问答题1. why the pa

38、th of projectile is a curve. (为什么抛体运动的路径是曲线)& (1) the velocity of the projectile can be resolved into a horizontal component and a vertical component; (2) the horizontal motion and vertical motion are independent; (3) the horizontal motion is unaffected by weight (4) and the vertical motion is accel

39、erated downwards because of the weight. thats why the path is a curve. -2. with reference to the forces on an object, explain why the object in fluids initially accelerates and then reaches a steady upwards speed. (以作用在物体上的力为基础， 解释为什么流体中的物体先加速后达到稳定的速度) (以垂直向下运动为例)。& (1) initially, the velocity is sm

40、all, hence the viscous drag is very small, so the resultant force is upwards, and therefore the object accelerates upwards. (2) as the velocity increases, the viscous drag increases; (3) finally, forces acting on the objects would be balanced; the resultant force is zero, so the acceleration is zero

41、. hence the object reaches a steady upwards speed. -3. (i) describe the energy transfers taking place when the force on the band is increased and then decreased. (当作用力先变大再变小的时候，描述其间发生的能量的转变)& (1) when the force is in increasing, work done by the force is transferred to the elastic strain energy; (2)

42、 and then the stored energy is released when the force is decreasing, (3) but some of the energy is transfer to other form of energy, such as heat. (i) what is meant by the gap in the graph? (图中两曲线中的间隙代表什么？)& (1) the gap means energy stored is greater than the energy released; (2) hence part of the

43、energy is transferred to internal energy of the band. -4. explain the difference between elastic deformation and plastic deformation. use the behaviour of the same material or object to illustrate both types of deformation. (解释弹性形变与塑性形变的区别；以同一种材料或同一个物体阐述两种变形)& (1) when the material undergoes elastic

44、 deformation, it would return to its original shape when the deforming force is removed. (2) in the case of plastic deformation, it does not return to its original shape, and the deformation is permanent. (3) for example, a spring can return to its original shape when the tensile force is small and

45、the spring is within the elastic limit. (4) however, the deformation would be permanent when the tensile force is too large and the spring undergoes plastic deformation. -5. why young modulus is more desired than stiffness in engineering?（为什么在工程中杨氏模量比刚度更有用？）& young modulus applies to all sample of a

46、 material, but stiffness only applies to a given sample. why resistivity is more desired than resistance in engineering?（为什么电阻率比电阻在工程中更有用？）& resistivity applies to all resistors of a material, but resistance applies only applies to a given resistor. -6. the advantages and disadvantage of filming abo

47、ut projection. (图片法看抛物线的好处和坏处)& clear, its able to watch frame by frame.reduce human errorreaction time.can zoom ineasy to measure the displacement and time. & its hard to ensure the first image when the ball starts falling.-7. similarities and difference between a newtons third law pair forces: (作用

48、力与反作用力的相同点和不同点)& similarities: they have the same magnitude; the type of force is the same; they act along the same straight line; they appear and disappear at the same time; &differences they act on different objects. they act in opposite directions. 四、实验题 宗旨为以下4点 apparatus the physical quantities to measure: how to measure the above quantities how to calculate 1. ict : graph motion: apparatus: motion sensor/ light gate, data logger and pc the ph