初中助动词综合分析(全,含练习和答案)

1、 have它们没有词汇意义，只有语法作用，如协助构成进行体，完成佻被动态，否定 句，疑问句等。例如：He is giving a lecture-他在作讲座 *Heha& made a plan.他已经制定了计划Hi small animals are kept in the cages 小动物都关在笼子里.2. 半助动词: 在功能上介于主动词和助动词之间的一类结构，称为半助动词。常见的半助动词有：be meant tobe obliged tobe supposed to ， be willing tobe about to ， be due to ， be going to ， be li

2、kely to3. 情态助动词:情态助动词包括：will(would),shall(should), can(could) , may(might) , must , need , dare , oughtto , used to , had better情态助动词一般简称为情态动词。后接动词原形。have to ,seem to ,be unable tobe unwilling to 等情态助动词不受主语的人称和数的限制。两个情态助动词不能连用。例：他将能够及时完成此事。He will can finish it in time.xHe will be able tofinish it i

3、n time.V（三）助动词用法精讲1. 助动词be的用袪1）也-现在分词，构成进行时态中例如：They arc having meeting.他彳|正在开会aEnglish is becoming more and more important.英i吾现在越来越重要 2）过去分词，枸成被动语态。例如The ivindow was broken by Tom一窗户是汤媳打碎的。English is taught throughout the.世界各地都教英语 *3）2 +动词不壬式.可表示:下列内容=札表示最近、未来的计划或安排.例如,Heis to go to New York next w

4、eek.他下周要去纽约心AVe are io reach rhe freshmen.我们寻教新主。说明！这种用法也可以说成是一种將来时态表达法.b. 表示命令。例如：You are to explain this.对此你要做出解释。He is to come to the office this afternoon.要他今天下午来办公室。c. 征求意见。例如：How am I to answer him? 我该怎样答复他？Who is to go there? 谁该去那儿呢？d. 表示相约、商定。例如：We are to meet at the school gate at seven tom

5、orrow morning.我们明天早晨7点在校门口集合。2. 助动词have的用法Do come to my birthday party.一定来参加我的生日宴会。1) have +过去分词，构成完成时态。例如:He has left for London.他已去了伦敦。By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work.上月未为止，他们已经完成工作的一半。2) have + been +现在分词，构成完成进行时。例如：一|I have been studying English forten years. 我一直在学

6、英语，已达十年之久3) have +been +过去分词，构成完成式被动语态。例如：Englishhas been taught in China formany years. 中国教英语已经多年。3. 助动词do的用法1) 构成一般疑问句。例如：Do you want to pass the CET?你想通过大学英语测试吗？|Did you study German?你们学过德语吗？2) do + not 构成否定句。例如：I do not want to be criticized.我不想挨批评。He doesnt like tostudy.他不想学习。In the past, many

7、studentsdid not know the importance of English.过去，好多学生不知道英语的重要性。3) 构成否定祈使句。例如：Dontgo there. 不要去那里。Dontbe so absent-minded.不要这么心不在焉。说明：构成否定祈使句只用 do，不用did和does。4) 放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气。例如：I did go there.我确实去那儿了。I do miss you.我确实想你。5）用于倒装句。例如：Never did I hear of such a thing.我从未听说过这样的事情。Only when we begin o

8、ur college life do we realize the importance of English.进了大学以后，我们才认识到英语的重要性。说明：引导此类倒装句的副词有never, seldom, rarely, little, only, so, well等。6）用作代动词。例如：-Do you like Beijing? -你喜欢北京吗？-Yes, Ido.-是的，喜欢。（do用作代动词，代替like Beijing.）He knows how to drive a car, doesnt he?他知道如何开车，对吧？4. 助动词shall和will的用法 shall和will

9、作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时。表示单纯的将来时，shall用于第一人称，第二人称只用于问句；will多用于第二、第三人称，口语中 will也可用于第一人称。I shall study harder at English.我将更加努力地学习英语。Shall we be back in time?我们会即使回来吗？He will go toShanghai.他要去上海。Will you be free tomorrow afternoon?你明天下午有空吗？5. 助动词should,would的用法1）should无词义，只是shall的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，只用于第一

10、人称，常用于间接引语，表示将，将会。例如：I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week. 我昨天给他打电话, 问他我下周干什么He said he should return, and he did return.他说过他会回来的，他果然回来了She realized that she should have to do most of her farm work before sunshine.她明白她得在日出之前干完大部分农活。2)would也无词义，是 will的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，常用于间接引语

11、，表示将，将会。例如：He said he would come.他说他要来。I felt confident that everything would be all right.我确信一切都会好的。(四) 助动词在句型转换中的应用1.由连系动词Him k, are构成的句子*变一般疑间句时把込，心虹已提到句子的前面，句尾用间号即可。变否定句时 直接在皿F 15, are后面加not即可。例如；肯定句H芒治a. student.般疑冋句：h hi a.呂tuden芒否定句:He is hot a student.画线提间：对h巳握|孔 Who is a studeiLr7 对 a. stud

12、eni VTiar is he萤劭是am品的过去式.were是art的过去式，若句子中有以上两词时，变疑问 句及否定句方法与(1)相同。1. 由情态动词can, may,will ， shall等构成的句子：变一般疑问句时把 can, may,will ，shall提到句子的前面，句尾用问号即可变否定句时直接在can,may,后面加not即可.例如：肯定句：She can swim.一般疑问句：Can she swim?否定句：She can not swim.画线提问：对she提问：Who can swim?对 swim 提问:What can she do?could,might,woul

13、d,should 是can,may,will,shall的过去式，若句子中有以上两词时，变疑问句及否定句方法与(1)相同2. 由行为动词构成的句子：需要加助词do或does. |变一般疑问句时把 do/does放在句子前面.|变否定句时把dont/doesnt 放在动词的前面。要注意观察动词的形式并对号入座。一般疑问句和否定句的动词三单式都要变回原型。playdoplaysdoes例如：肯定句:They play football after school.He plays football after school.一般疑问句：Do they play football after scho

14、ol?Does he play football after school?否定句:They dont (do not) play football after school.He doesnt play football after school.划线提问：对 they/he 提问：Who plays football after school?对 play football 提问：What do they do after school? What does he do after school?对 after school 提问：When do they play football? W

15、hen does he play football?3. 由have, has构成的现在完成时句子:变一般疑问句时把have,has提到句子的前面，句尾用问号即可 变否定句时直接在 have,has后面加not即可。例如：肯定句： He has read todays newspaper.一般疑问句：Has he read todays newspaper.?否定句:He has not read todays newspaper.画线提问: 对 he 提问:Who has read todays newspaper?对 todays newspaper 提问:What has he did?

16、had是have和has的过去式，在构成的过去完成时句子中，变一般疑问句时把had提到到句子的前面，句尾用问号即可。变否定句时直接在had后面加not即可若have,has,had没有出现在完成时的句子中，则当实义动词对待，请参考实义动词的用法! AZ典例讲解丄I4屯Everyone txies his best to active a higher score in Grade Nine.做般疑冋句） everyone s b亡st to achieve a higher scare in Grade Nine?I错i吴擬作：Does cverTone tries his best to a

17、chieve 1 higher score in Grade NinelEttSIT：Dze verT&ne rtvhi& best to ichiee 謎 higher score in Grade Nine?1.由连系动词sum is 变一般疑问句时把 直接在am, isp are后面加noi 肯定句:He is a student. 疑间句：Is he a smdcni9（四）助动词在句型转换中的应用构成的句子=am,乩ar亡提到句子的前面，旬尾用间号即可。变否定句时即可。例如：否定句:He is hot a student.Hl线提间：对h亡提|孔 Who is a studenr 对

18、 a srudern YMiar is he17was 是 am:is 的过去式， were 是 are 的过去式，若句子中有以上两词时.变疑问句及否定句方法与（1）相同。 1. 由情态动词can, may,will , shall等构成的句子： 变一般疑问句时把 can, may,will , shall提到句子的前面，句尾用问号即可. 变否定句时直接在 can,may,后面加not即可.例如： 肯定句:She can swim. 一般疑问句：Can she swim? 否定句:She can not swim. 画线提问：对she提问：Who can swim? 对 swim 提问:Wha

19、t can she do? could,might,would,should 是can,may,will,shall的过去式，若句子中有以上两词时，变疑问句及否定句方法与（1）相同。2.由行为动词构成的句子需要加助词 do或does.变一般疑问句时把 do/does放在句子前面.|变否定句时把dont/doesnt放在动词的前面。要注意观察动词的形式并对号入座。一般疑问句和否定句的动词三单式都要变回原型。playdoplaysdoes例如：肯定句：They play football after school.He plays football after school.一般疑问句:Do th

20、ey play football after school?Does he play football after school?否定句:They dont (do not) play football after school.He doesnt play football after school.划线提问：对 they/he 提问：Who plays football after school?对 play football 提问：What do they do after school? What does he do after school?对 after school 提问：Wh

21、en do they play football? When does he play football?3. 由have,has构成的现在完成时句子：|变一般疑问句时把have,has提到句子的前面，句尾用问号即可。变否定句时直接在 have,has后面加not即可。例如：肯定句： He has read todays newspaper.一般疑问句:Has he read todays newspaper.?否定句:He has not read todays newspaper. 画线提问： 对 he 提问：Who has read todays newspaper? 对 todays

22、newspaper 提问:What has he did? had是have和has的过去式，在构成的过去完成时句子中，变一般疑问句时把 had提到到句子的前面,句尾用问号即可。变否定句时直接在had后面加not即可。 若have,has,had没有出现在完成时的句子中，则当实义动词对待，请参考实义动词的用法。典例讲解关!Everyone tries his best to achieve a higher score in Grade Nine.似一般疑冋句）!错误揀作：|IDoes evervrone tries his best to achieve a higher sccre in

23、Grade Nine?正确操作：jDoes everTone trv his best to ichieve a higher score in Grade Nine?n（五）习题演练14.练练1. E灯ery morning Sarah his an egg and a piece of bread is her breakfasi.政为一般疑问句 SarMi an egg and a piece of biead is her breakfast everrmorning?2. Susan does j ogging 10 keep hers elf fit.（改为否定旬）Susanjogging 10keep herself fit,3. Th已 exciiing news spread fai and widely,（改为般疑I 可句）the exciting newsfki and widelyQ4. The Blacks set off f