(完整版)中考英语语法汇总专题复习,推荐文档

1、.名词的定义专题一 名 词名词是表示人、事物、现象和其他抽象概念的名称的词。名词可分为专有名词和普名词。专有名词是具体的人和事物等特有名称。专有名词的第一个字母要大写，人名、地名公共节日及月份、周日的名称等等都是属于专有名词。（见资料）如：yao ming 姚明； china 中国；christmas 圣诞节等。. 可数名词和不可数名词普通名词按照其所表示的事物的性质分为可数名词和 不可数名词。1. 可数名词可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。如：an apple; two apples 。 注意： a 用于以辅音音素( 指音标) 开头的单数名词前；an 用于以元音音素( 指音标) 开头的单数名词前

2、。如：a book/buk/, a useful/ju:sful/ book ，an apple/aepl/ ，a red apple , an hour/aua/2. 不可数名词:不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词，没有复数形式。(1) 物质名词。如： water; rice; tea; milk; food; fruit; meat; fish(鱼 肉); chicken(鸡肉); beef; mutton; orange(橙汁)；sugar; salt; paper(纸); porridge; bread; sand; juice等。 这类不可数名词需要计量时要在名词前加表示量的词。如：a

3、 cup of tea; two bags of rice; three bottles of water等。(2) 抽象名词。如： news; music; time(时间); information等。(3)不可数名词不能与数词或不定冠词连用。(4)注意有些名词既可做可数名词也可做不可数名词。如：fish; time; glass; orange; room; noise; chicken等。但使用时一定要区分它们表达的不同意义。. 名词的数情况构成方法读音例词一般情况加 -s清辅音后读/s/map-maps浊辅音和元音后读/z/bag-bags /car-cars以s, sh, ch,

4、x等结尾加 -es读/iz/bus-buses/ watch-watcheswish-wishes/ box-boxes以ce, se, ze,等结尾加 -s读/iz/license-licenses以辅音字母+y结尾变y 为i再加es读/z/baby-babies以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es读/vz/shelfshelves,wolfwolves, lifelives,knifeknives.1. 可数名词复数形式的规则变化：2. 可数名词复数形式的的不规则变化(1) 元音或词尾发生变化如：manmen; womanwomen; frenchmanfrenchmen; to

5、othteeth;footfeet; childchildren(2) 单复数形式相同如：sheepsheep; fishfish; chinesechinese; japanesejapanese; yuanyuan(3) 形式为单数意思为复数 如：people，police（集合名词）(4) 形式为复数意思为单数如：news, maths, physics, the united states等。(5) 只用复数形式如：pants, shorts, clothes，glasses(眼镜)等。3. 不可数名词的量的表示：（不能直接用数字；不能直接加a。an；无复数形式）(1) 表不定数量时，

6、一般用much，(a)little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等词修饰。(2) 表确定数量时，一般用“数词量词of不可数名词。如：a piece of paper, a piece of news, a bag of rice, two glasses of milk, four bottles of water（1）.名词的所有格：1. 有生命的名词所有格(1) 单数名词后加s 。如：my brothers book(2) 不以s 结尾的复数名词后加s 。如：the childrens football(3) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加 。如：the boys g

7、ame(4) 以s 结尾的专有名词后直接加 。如：dickens novels(5) 某物为两个名词共有时，在第二个名词后加s : 如：tom and davids room.(6) 表示两个名词各自拥有的东西，在两个名词后都加s:如：tomsand davids rooms.2. 无生命的事物的名词所有格(of所有格)(1) of名词。如：a photo of my family, the door of the classroom注意：“of名词s/名词性物主代词” 构成双重所有格 如：a friend of mine, a friend of jims。(2) 表示时间或距离，国家，城市

8、的方法。也可用s来构成所有格如：ten minutes drive十分钟车程；a months holiday一个月的假期。chinas capital(3) 表称呼、职业等名词的所有格可以表示人的住所或工作场所。所有格后面的名词一般被省去。如：at his brothers; at the doctors; at the barkers; at mr reads(4) 用所有格表示节日的方法： 如：teachers day; childrens day.（除了父亲节和母亲节其他节日我们都用名词复数的所有格表示。） 如：mothers day; fathers day.（5）.由some、an

9、y、no、every与one、body 结合的复合不定代词something 、anything 等和else 连用时，所有格应加在else的后面。this is(somebody else ) pencil .四、名词作句子成分：1.名词作主语1). 表示时间、金钱、距离作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 two hours (be) enough for us to get there .2). 量词短语“数字+量词+ of +”作主语时，谓语动词应与量词保持一致。a pair of shoes(be) under the bed .two pieces of paper (be) on the

10、desk .3). 名词+介词（with、except 、along with .）+名词作主语时，谓语动词应与前面的名词保持一致。the teacher with the students(be) planting trees on the hill .4). 短语“neithernor、eitheror、not onlybut also ”连接主语时，谓语动词实行就近原则。neither he nor i(be) a frenchman .2.名词作定语1). 名词作定语时，一般用单数形式。变复数时，名词中的中心词变为复数形式。如：a banana treebanana trees; a

11、shoe factoryshoe factoriesthere is a shoe factory near the school .2). 名词作定语时，个别情况用复数形式。(sport ) the sports meeting will be held next week .3).man、woman 作定语表示性别时，man、woman随后面的名词单复数而变。one man teachertwo women teachers（2）词类 一 名词() 1.（2009广州）you look very tired this morning. what did you do yesterday a

12、fternoon?i didchristmas shopping.a. a lot ofb. a few ofc. a number ofd. a piece of() 2.（2009武汉）why do you get up so early in the morning, tracy ？i generally make it ato be up by 7 to read english.a. planb. wishc. secretd. rule() 3.（2009武汉）do the dishes, mike, or i will tell mum!mind your own,sue!a.

13、actionb. dutyc. businessd. way() 4.（2009广州）the letter from my uncle was short. there wasntnews.a. manyb. a fewc. muchd. few() 5.（2009威海）-why didnt you take a taxi back last night?-because i didnt have anywith me.a. foodb. bicyclec. friendd. money() 6.（2009成都）john always says that he likes apples of

14、all the.a. vegetablesb. fruitsc. drinks() 7.（2009江西）-you look worried. whats your?-i have trouble learning english.a. nameb. questionc. problemd. job() 8.（2009南京）-oh, my god! we have missed the last bus. what shall we do?-im afraid we have nobut to take a taxi.a. choiceb. decision c. reason d. infor

15、mation() 9.（2009河南）i likea lot, and my mother usually cooks it in different ways.a. fishb. butterc. potatoesd. noodles() 10.（2009宜昌）-in my opinion, china has moreto deal with the disease ofa/h1n1.-i quite agree with you. chinese medicine works well.a. advantagesb. interestsc. equipmentsd. materials

16、() 11.（2009娄底）its said that you have moved into a new house.yeah，and we need to buy somein the mall nearby.a. foodb. furniture c. hamburger()12.（2009孝感）all the was their own holiday.teachers enjoyed themselves on march 8th, because ita. manb. menc. womand. women () 13.（2009湖北孝感）emma, who are you tak

17、ingof at home? my grandma, she got hurt in an accident.a. placeb. partc. seatd. care() 14.（2009山西）-how can i see thick snow in most northern parts of china?-you have to wait tillcomes, steve.a. summerb. autumnc. winter() 15.（2009山西）lets get someabout tourism on the internet.a. informationb. messagec

18、. invention() 16.（2009无锡）the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them areteachers.a. a number of ; women b. a number of ; womanc. the number of ; women d. the number of ; woman() 17.（2009绥德）mike and his friend are going to theto see the new actionmovie tonight.a. book shopb. rest

19、aurantc. concertd. cinema(3)() 18.(2009.安徽)-shall we go shopping now?-sorry. its not the right. im too tired.a. wayb. weatherc. placed. moment() 19.（2009.安徽）-im afraid i cant get there before 9 oclock.-thats ok. theres.a. no wayb. no wonderc. no doubtd. no hurry () 20.（2009.漳州）-what makes you so ups

20、et?-i wanted to explain why i was late, but mr. white didnt give me a(n).a. wayb. chancec. idea d. excuse() 21.（2009通化）we need to come up with a/anand make a decision at once.a. informationb. advicec. idea d. news() 22.（2009德州）look at the flowers! they are in different: red, yellow, pinka. colorsb.

21、sizesc. pricesd. names() 23.（2009恩施）id likegrapes and pears.oh, i only needorange juice.a. some; a fewb. a few; somec. a little; fewd. a little; a few()2 4.（2009阜康） what would you like to drink?, please.a. riceb. meatc. waterd. bread() 25.（2009朝阳）-you look very young, mrs. green. could you tell me h

22、ow old you are?-oh, sorry. its a(n).a. problemb. instructionc. secretd. business() 26.（2009安顺）we should not eatmeat.a. too manyb. much tooc. too muchd. many too() 27.（2009安顺）i dont understand the story though there are a. fewb. littlec. a fewd. a littlenew words in it.() 28.（2009安顺）this is not my di

23、ctionary. its. she lent it to me this morning.a. my sisterb. my sistersc. my sistersd. my sisters() 29.（2009安顺）a school in anshun held an activity called “recommend(推荐) books to your teachers”. the students made aof 1,0000 books!a. noteb. linec. menud. list() 30.（2009莆田）-i feel thirsty. i want somet

24、hing to drink. what about you?-ok. lets go and buy some.a. orangeb. breadc. chocolate() 31.（2009莆田）hurry up. there istime left.a. a littleb. littlec. few 32.(2010内江)well,you look so happy!-because ive got a good.a.workb. newsc.jobd. ideas( ) 33. (2010上海)you can get muchabout the world expo on the in

25、ternet.a.mapb.picturec.ticketd.information() 34. (2010上海)the customers are pleased with theof the restaurant.a.balanceb.experience c.surfaced.service() 35. (2010晋江)lily has a silk. listen, she is singing in the next room!- how nice!.a. lookb. noisec. voice() 36.（2010通化）we need to come up with a/anan

26、d make a decision at once. a.information b.advice c.idead.news() 37.(2010湖州)-would you like some?-no,thank you.im not hungry at all.a.waterb.books c.clothesd.bread(4)()38.（2010荆州)when will the 2010 world expo(世博会) come to a close?itll close at the end of.a. septemberb. octoberc. novemberd. december

27、()39.（2010武汉）why are you still waiting in line?-ive missed my.a. placeb. orderc. turnd. time()40.(2010河南)it was very hard for me to make abut j decided to leave my job.a suggestionb decisionc pland speech()41.（2010黄冈）good news. we will have aholiday.-ive heard of it.but its coming in.a.three days ;

28、three days timeb.three days; three daysc.three-day; three daysd.three days; three-day time()42.（2010聊城）why not go to qingdao on may day,jim?-im afraid its not a good.i have been there several times.a.wayb.placec.adviced.idea()43.（2010阜康）()mr black gave uson how to learn english well.a.an adviceb.man

29、y advicesc.some adviced.some advices()44.（2010黄石） with whom did you watch 2010 world cup opening ceremony ?.a. a friend of mineb. a friend of mec. a friend of my sister d. a friend of you()45.（2010荆门）oh, my god! the kids are making too muchhere. i cant do anything.a. soundb. voicec. noised. footstep

30、()46.（2010襄樊）whats your job , henry?im a,i work late . im very busy when people go out to dimters .a. waiterb. reporterc. teacherd. nurse()47.(2010鸡西)how manycan you see in the picture?only one.a. dogb. sheepc. childd. tree ()48.（2010定西)whats your?i like swimming.a. jobb. agec.hobbyd. number()49.(20

31、10定西)what would you like，sir?.a. two popb. two bottles popc. two bottles of popd. two bottle of pop()50.（2010莱芜）i have afor breakfast everyday.a. hot dogb. cookiec. dumplingd. hamburger()51.(2010哈尔滨)a low-carbon(低碳) lifestyle haseffect on our daily life. people are paying more and more attention to

32、savingthese days.a. the, energiesb. a, energyc. an, energy()52. (2010 三明)what a fine day! shall we go hiking, bob?-id love to.but iss not the right.i am busy now.a.placeb.momentc.weather()53.（2010天津）if you work hard,youll get good.a.gradesb.notesc.lessonsd.answers()54.（2010泰安）lucy, do you like?-yes.

33、most of my clothes are.a.an orange an orangeb.orange ,orangec.oranges ,orangesd.orange,an orange()55.（2010青海&宁夏)mr. li regards ningxia as his secondbecause he has beenhere for over twenty years.a. familyb. housec. roomd. home()56.（2010沈阳）im not sure about the meaning of the word. youd better look it

34、 up in a .a. letter b. dictionaryc. postcardd. notice(5) (5)()57.（2010连云港）-whats the news about ?-entertainment stars gathered to attact donations for yushu.a. a member ofb. a kind ofc.a packet ofd.a number of ()58.（2010巴中）what a pity! liu xiang didnt win thehurdles（跨栏）.a.110-meterb.110-metersc.110

35、meterd.110 meters()59.(2010四川) when i was a student, i liked to sit in the front of the classroom so that i could see the words more clearly on the.a. blackboardb. deskc. dictionaryd. postcard ()60.（2010东阳) i saw manyeating grass on the hill.a. horseb. cowc. rabbitd. sheep()61.（2010浙江）the land in th

36、e southwest of china is in great need of.yes ,it hasnt rained for a long time there.a. milkb.teac coffeed. water()62.（2010台湾）the pants i bought last year are too small now. i think i need a new .a. belt b. pairc. shirtd. space()63.（2010台湾）mike: i always forget what i want to buy when i go to the mar

37、ket. oscar: well, you can make aof things you want to buy.a. habitb. listc. packd. wish()64.（2010巴中） what is theof the 2010 world expo（世博会）? it is “better city, better life”.a. songb. themec. custom()65.（2010眉山）would you like some drinks, boys?yes, pleasea. some orangesb. two boxes of chocolatec. so

38、me cakesd. two boxes of cola【答案】d()66.（2010滨州）can i help you?id likefor my twin daughters.a. two pair of shoesb. two pairs of shoec. two pair of shoed. two pairs of shoes1-5 adccd5-10 bcaaa11-15 bddca16-20 cdddb2122 cabcc26-30 cacda31-35 bcddc36-40 cdbcb4145 cdcac61-66 dbbbdd4650 abccd51-55cbabd56-6

39、0 bdaad(6)专题二冠 词.冠词的定义 冠词是虚词。通常放在名词之前，用来说明名词所表示的人或事物。冠词分为不定冠词（a和an）和定冠词(the)两类。.冠词的用法1. 不定冠词a, an的用法(1) 泛指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。a girl is waiting for you.(2) 不定冠词a 用在以辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前；a useful book; a desk;不定冠词an 用在以元音音素开头的单数可数名词前。如： an old man; an actor; an “m” 。(3) 第一次提到某人或某物而非特指时。如：there is a book on t

40、he desk, but the book isnt mine.(4) 表示人或事物的某一类。如：an elephant is bigger than a tiger.(5) 用于表时间、速度、价格等意义的名词之前，有“ 每一” 的意思，相当every 如：three times a week.(6) 表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。i have a computer.(7) 用在序数词前，表示“又一，再一”i have three books. i want to buy a fourth one.(8) 可视为一个整体的两个名词前 eg: a knife and for

41、k 一副刀叉(9) 用在某些固定词组中：如：have a good time; have a swim ,have a cold , half an hour ,a lot(of), after a while , in a hurry , for a long time, a few ,a little ,at a time , 2定冠词the的用法(1) 用来特指某人或某物，双方都知道的人或物的名词前如：open the door, please.(2) 用于上文提到的某人或某物。there is a kite on the wall. the kite is new.(3) 表示世界上独

42、一无二的事物的名词前如：the sun; the moon; the earth; thesky(4) 用在序数词或形容词最高级前，如：march is the third month of a year.he is thecleverest boy in his class.(5) 用在某些形容词前， 表示一类人。如：the rich; the poor; the young; the old等。(6) 用在西洋乐器名词前。如：play the violin(7) 用在表示方位的名词前。如：in the east/north/west/south(8) 用在表示山脉、海洋、江河、湖泊、群岛、

43、建筑物、名胜古迹等专有名词或用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如：the yellow river; the great wall; the west lake; the white house等(9) 用在姓氏复数形式前，表示“全家人”或“夫妻俩”。eg：thegreens arewatchingtv now(10) 用于形容词或副词比较级等构成“ the.the. ”的句式中，表示“越越”。如：the more, the better.(11) 用于固定搭配中。all the same仍然；all the time一直；at the moment此刻；at thesame time同时；by

44、 the way顺便说；do the shopping/washing买东西/洗衣服；in the morning/afternoon/evening在上午/下午/晚上in the open air在户外，在野外3零冠词的用法(1) 棋类活动,球类运动,一日三餐，学科名词前不用任何冠词 play chessplay football have supper we all like english.特例：当football，basketball指具体的某个球时,其前可以用冠词：i can see a football（1）我可以看到一只足球。wheres the football？那只足球在哪儿

45、？(指足球，并非“球类运动”)(2) 称呼语前不用冠词， 表示头衔和职务的名词前也不加冠词。如 ：i dont feel well today, mum./ this is professor li/ /hello, lily. (3)在节假日、星期、月份、季节等名词前，用零冠词.如：teachers day; mothers day; on monday; in may; in summer但若指某年的某月份或某年的某季节，需在月份或季节前加the,eg：the winter in 2008 was very cold.(4) 名词前已有物主代词(my，your，his，her等)、指示代词

46、(this/these，that/those)、不定代词(some，any等)及名词所有格修饰时,不用冠词 my book( 正 )；my the book(误)(5) 有些专有名词, 如人名,地名,国家名，抽象名词和物质名词前一般不用冠词。如： china; japanese; milk; love等。jim lives in china.(6) 不可数名词和复数名词表泛指时前用零冠词 we cant live without water./ horses are good animals.(7) 用在“专有名词+普通名词”构成的街名，路名，山名等名词前 hainan island /nan

47、jing road(8) by与火车等交通工具连用，用零冠词eg：by bus/ by train/by car/ by bike注意：take a bus/ on the bike/ in a boat (9)在某些固定搭配里,名词之前常不用冠词. qq378459309制作如on foot; at home; at night; from morning till night, on time, in time, at first, at last等。(10)用与不用冠词的差异in hospital住院 / in the hospital在医院里in front of在(外部的)前面 /

48、in the front of在(内部的)前面at table进餐/at the table在桌子旁by sea乘船/by the sea在海边go to school(church)上学(做礼拜) /go to the school(church)到学校(教堂)去two of us我们当中的两人 /the two of us我们两人(共计两人)a teacher and writer一位教师兼作家(一个人)/a teacher and a writer一位教师和一位作家(两个人)【中考演练】 一. .单项填空1. this morning i had-egg and a bottle of

49、milk for my breakfast.a. anb. ac. thed./2. -whats the matter with you?-i caughtbad cold and had to stay in.a. a;/ b. a; thec. a; ad. the; the3. -have you seenpen? i left it here this morning.-is itblack one? i think i saw it somewhere.a. a; the b. the; thec. the; ad. a; a4. sun is shining brightly.a

50、. a b. anc. thed. /5. there is“h” in the word hour.a. a b. thec. and./6. did you enjoy your stay in xian? yes. i hadwonderful time.a. a b. anc. thed. /7. sun is bigger thanearth.a. a; the b. a; anc. the; and. the; the（2）8. there isapple and some pears on the table.a. the b./c. ad. an9. david hascat.

51、 its very nice.a. a b. anc. thed./10. im readingnovel. it isinteresting story.a. a; an b. a; ac. the; thed. /; an11it is said that sars has killed more thanpeople world wide.a.three hundreds b.three hundredsc.three hundreds dthree hundred12. -how many workers are there in your factory?- there are tw

52、o.a. hundreds b. hundredc. hundred ofd. hundreds of13. -which is the smallest number of the four? - . a. two-thirdsb. a halfc. a quarterd. three- fourths14. what do you think of a war, li ming?ive no idea. but its a fact thatpeople had to leave th eir hometown during the war on iraq.a. three thousan

53、ds b.thousand ofc. thousands ofd. several thousands15. we all think that thecentury will bring us more hopes.a. twenty-first b. twentieth-firstc.twenty-oned.twentieth- one16. -can you write the number eighty-five thousand, six hundred and twenty-six?- yes, it is.a. 856620 b. 85626c. 58662d. 5862617.

54、 when was the prc founded? it was founded on.a. july 1, 1921 b. october 1, 1949c. august 1, 1927 d. may 1, 192218.i was 8 years old when my father was 31. this year my father is twice my age. how old am i?a. 21 b. 22c. 23d. 2419. chinese are looking for ways to learn english well before beijing 2008 olympics.a. thousand b. thousandsc. thousand of d. t