曲轴加工的技术要求及发展方向——外文翻译、中英文翻译

1、外文资料The crank processes specification anddevelopment directionThe crank processes specificationThe crank specificati on is very high, its mach in e-fi ni shi ng tech no logical process differe nt and the crank complex degree has the very big differe nee along with the product ion guid ing prin ciple

2、, but in cludes follow ing several main stagesge nerally: Localization datum processing; Thick, lathe finishing and rough grinding each host neck and other outer annuluses; Che Lianjing; Drills the oil hole; Correct grinding each host n eck and other outer annu luses; Correct grinding Lia n Jing; Bi

3、g, capitellum and key slot processing; Journal surface treatment; Transient equilibrium; Super finishing various jour nals.May see, the main n eck or Lia n Jing the turning work ing procedure all separates with the grinding working procedure, is often middle arrangement some different mach ined surf

4、aces or the heteroge neity worki ng procedure. After the rough mach ining can have the distortion, therefore the normal force reduces gradually; Because simultaneously thick, the precision work working procedure carries on separately before, the latter working procedure has the possibility to elimin

5、ate the working procedure error, fin ally obta ins the very high precisi on and the very low rough ness. Thick, the precisi on work separates,a nd arra nges the alig nment worki ng procedure beh ind the cutt ing force big work ing procedure, guara ntees the process ing precisi on.In order to reduce

6、the distortio n which the cutt ing force causes, guara nteed whe n precision work precision request, correct grinding various journals, uses the single grinding wheel in tur n grinding gen erally.The journal processing requests high, the main neck and the neck uses con ti nu ally processes many time

7、s.Crank machining development directionAlong with our country nu merical con trol engine bed un ceas ingin crease, the crank rough machining will be widespread uses in the numerical control lathe, the numerical control the milling machine, the numerical control vehicle broaching mach ine and so on t

8、he adva need equipme nt to the main jour nal, the connecting rod journal carries on the nu merical con trol tur ning, in the milli ng, the vehicle - broachi ng process ing, by will effectively reduce the amount of deformity which the crank will process. The crank precision work will be widespread us

9、es the CNC control the cran kshaft grinding to carry on the correct grinding process ing to its jour nal, this kind of grin der will provide grinding wheel automatic function requests and so on tran sie nt equilibrium installment, center rest automatic tracking unit, automatic survey, self-compe nsa

10、ti ng system, grinding wheel automatic con diti oning, perma nent link speed, will guara ntee the grinding quality the stability.In order to satisfy the process ing request which the crank enhan ces day by day, set the very high request to the cran kshaft grinding. The moder n cran kshaft grinding e

11、xcept must have the very high static state, the dyn amic rigidity and outside the very high process ing precisi on, but also requests to have the very high grinding efficie ncy and more flexibilities. In recent years, requested the crankshaft grinding to have the stable process ing precisi on, for t

12、his, had stipulated to the cran kshaft grinding process capability coefficie nt Cp 1.67, this meand requean kshaft grinding the actualprocess ing com mon differe nee to have the com mon differe nee which assig ned compared to the crank small one half. Along with the modern actuation and the con trol

13、 tech no logy, the survey con trol, CBN (cubic boron n itride) the grinding wheel and the advaneed engine bed part application, for the crankshaft grinding high accuracy, the highly effective abrasive mach ining has created the con diti on. One ki nd calls it the connecting rod n eck follow-up grind

14、ing craft. Has mani fested these new tech ni cal syn thesis applicati on con crete achieveme nt. This kind of follow-up grinding craft may obviously enhance the crank connecting rod n eck the grinding efficie ncy, the process ing precisi on and the process ing flexibility. When carries on the follow

15、-up grinding to the connecting rod n eck, the crank take the main jour nal as the spool thread carries on revo Iving, and clamps the grinding all conn ect ing rod n eck in an attire .In the grinding process, the wheelhead realizati on reciprocatio n swing feed, tracks the biased rotati on conn ect i

16、ng rod n eck to carry on the abrasive machi ning. Must realize the follow-up grinding, X axis besides must have the high dynamic performa nee, but also must have the eno ugh track ing accuracy, guara ntees the shape com mon differe nee which the connecting rod n eck requests. The CBN grinding wheel

17、applicati on realizes the connecting rod n eck follow-up grinding importa nt eon diti on. Because the CBN grinding wheel resista nee to wear is high, in the grinding process medium pla in emery wheel diameter is n early inv ariable, a eon diti oning may the grinding 600800 cranks. The CBN grinding w

18、heel also may use the very high grinding speed, may use gen erally on the cran kshaft grinding reaches as high as the120140m/s grinding speed, the grinding efficie ncy is very high.Connecting rod processing and trend of developmentConnecting rod processing methodThe connecting rod decomposes (also c

19、alled connecting rod breaks) the tech nical principle uses the material break theory, first artificial has the whole forging connecting rod semi finished materials big end of hole the fissure, forms the initial break source, then expands with the specific method control fissure, achieved the conn ec

20、t ing rod The decompositi on process ing process en able thedecompositi on the conn ect ing rod cap, the pole adjoi ning pla ne to have the complete mesh ing jig-saw patter ned structure, guara nteed the adjoining pla ne precise dock ing, tallies, does not n eed to carry on the adjoining pla ne aga

21、in the process ing, simulta neously simplified the conn ect ing rod bolt hole structural desig n and the whole process ing craft, has the processing working procedure few, the economical precision work equipment, the no dal wood en ergy con servati on, the product quality high, the product ion cost

22、low status merit. Main body and the conn ect ing rod cap separate goal.Trend of developmentAt present, the drop for and the die casting connecting rod host, the important status, are facing the powder to forge the steel connecting rod and a powder aggluti nati on steel connecting rod forming craft c

23、halle nge. Speak ing of the domestic present situation, although the powder metallurgy forging industry had certain development, but must provide the mass and the high grade powder metallurgy forging is not mature. Moreover invoIves the equipment to renew, aspect expense questions and so on technica

24、l change, in next one, in long time, domestically produced connecting rod producti on also by drop forging craft primarily.The connecting rod is one of internal combustion engine main spare parts, its reduc ing socket two sizes and the shape positi on errors have many requests, for example: Diameter

25、, ro undn ess, cyli ndricity, cen ter dista nee, parallelism, hole and end surface verticality and so on. How does these erron eous project produce the sce ne in the workshop to exam ine, always is in the internal combusti on engine professi on a quite difficult questi on.In the connecting rod produ

26、ction, domestic mainly has following several exam in ati on method at prese nt: With the spin dle survey, n amely puts on the spin dle in connecting rod two, with the aid of in V shape block, plate, dial guage survey.Because the spi ndle n eeds to load and uni oad, therefore betwee n the hole axis h

27、as the gap, the measuri ng accuracy is very low.中文翻译曲轴加工的技术要求及发展方向曲轴加工的技术要求曲轴的技术要求是很高的，其机械加工工艺过程随生产纲领的不同和曲轴的 复杂程度而有很大的区别，但一般均包括以下几个主要阶段：定位基准的加工； 粗、精车和粗磨各主颈及其它外圆；车连颈；钻油孔；精磨各主颈及其他外圆； 精磨连颈；大、小头及键槽加工；轴颈表面处理；动平衡；超精加工各轴颈。可以看出，主颈或连颈的车削工序都与磨削工序分开， 往往中间安排一些不 同的加工面或不同性质的工序。粗加工后会发生变形，因此常把粗、精加工分开， 并在切削力较大的工序后面安

28、排校直工序，以保证加工精度。为了减小切削力所引起的变形，保证精加工的精度要求，精磨各轴颈时，一 般采用单砂轮依次磨削。轴颈的加工要求高，主颈和连颈采用多次加工，使加工余量越来越小，切削 力逐渐降低；同时由于粗、精加工工序分开进行，后工序就有可能消除前工序的 误差，最终获得很高的精度和很低的粗糙度。曲轴机加工发展方向随着我国数控机床的不断增加，曲轴粗加工将广泛采用数控车床、数控内铣 床、数控车拉床等先进设备对主轴颈、连杆轴颈进行数控车削、内铣削、车-拉削加工，以有效减少曲轴加工的变形量。曲轴精加工将广泛采用CNC空制的曲轴 磨床对其轴颈进行精磨加工，此种磨床将配备砂轮自动动平衡装置、 中心架自动 跟踪装置、自动测量、自动补偿装置、砂轮自动修整、恒线速度等功能要求，以 保证磨削质量的稳定。为满足曲轴日益提高的加工要求，对曲轴磨床提出了很高的要求。现代曲轴 磨床除了要有很高的静态、动态刚度和很高的加工精度外，还要求有很高的磨削 效率和更多的柔性。近年来，更要求曲轴磨床具有稳定的加工精度，为此，对曲 轴磨床的工序能力系数规定了 Cp 1.67，这意味着要求曲轴磨床的实际加工公 差要比曲轴给定的公差小一半。随着现代驱动和控制技术、测量控