本科毕业论文英文翻译水泥专业分析解析

1、济南大学毕业论文外文资料翻译毕业论文外文资料翻译题目波特兰石灰石水泥和混凝土的性能分析学院材料科学与工程专业 材料科学与工程班级 XXXXXX学生贾新伟学 号 2009XXXXXX指导教师 XXXX二零一三年四月二十日Cement & Concrete Composites24 (2002) 371 - 378An an alysis of the properties of Portla nd limest oneceme nts and con cretea, G Batisa * bS. Tsivilis , , E. Chaniotakis , G KakaliChemical Eng

2、ineering Department, National Technical University of Athens, 9 HeroonPolytech niou St., 15773 Athe ns, Greeceb Departme nt of Research and Developme nt, Tita n Ceme nt Compa ny S.A., Kamari Pla nt Viotias,P.O. Box 18, 19200 Elefsis, GreeceAbstractIn this paper the main factors afecting the properti

3、es of Portland limestone cements are discussed while the hydratio n behavior of limest one ceme nts is exam in ed. In additi on, the in tergri nding process, concerning the product ion of the limest one ceme nts, is studied. Fin ally the properties and the behavior of limestone cement concrete as we

4、ll as the corrosion behavior of limestone cement mortar are investigated. It is concluded that the fineness of clinker and limesto ne is stron gly conn ected with the limesto ne content and the finen ess of the ceme nt. The limesto ne ceme nts in dicate satisfactory stre ngth and gen erally dema nd

5、less water tha n the relative pure cements. The limestone addition improves the clinker reactivity and the exploitation of its hydraulic pote ntial. The Portla nd limest one ceme nts in dicate competitive con crete properties and improve the corrosi on performa nee of the con crete. 2002 Elsevier Sc

6、ie nee Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Portland limestone cement; Intergrinding; Cement properties; Hydration; Concrete properties; Corrosi on1. In troducti onThe use of Portla nd limest one ceme nts seems to have many ben efits, both tech nical1-3and econmic al . In addition, the European Standa

7、rd EN 197-1 identifies two types of Portla nd limesto ne ceme nt co ntai ning 6- 20% limesto ne (type II/A-L) and 21-35% limest one (type II/B-L), respectively . It is expected that the future world product ion of Portla nd limest one ceme nt will be continu ously in creased. The wide use of limesto

8、ne cement requires a thorough knowledge of the cement and concrete properties.As far as the cement is concerned, the research work is focused on three areas. The first one is the efect of limestone on the cement performanee 3,5-8. The second one deals with the participation of limestone in the hydra

9、tion reactions of clinker 9-19, while the third one with the product ion process and specifically the in tergri nding of clinker and limestone 5,20-22. Although there is a disagreement in many partial topics, the kno wledge level is satisfactory and con ti nu ously exte nded.As far as the limest one

10、 ceme nt con crete is concern ed, the few available refere nces are focused on two areas. The first one is the efect of limestone on the concrete properties and behavior 23-29. The sec ond one deals with the thaumasite problem, correlated with the use of limestone cement concrete and calcareous aggr

11、egates. Rece nt research work shows that Portla nd limest one ceme nt pastes are susceptible to the thaumasite forma- tion, due to sulfate attack at 5 C , after only a few mon ths exposure to sulfate soluti on s30-35.In this paper the main factors afecti ng the properties of Portla nd limest one cem

12、e nts are evaluated, while the hydrati on behavior of the limest one ceme nts is exam in ed. In addition, the intergrinding process, concerning the production of the limestone ceme nts, is studied. Fin ally the properties and the behavior of limest one ceme nt con crete as well as the corrosi on beh

13、avior of limest one ceme nt mortar are in vestigated. This work is a part of a project, developed in our laboratories, concerning the properties of limest one ceme nt and con crete.2. I ntergri ndi ng of cli nker and limest oneOrdi nary Portla nd cli nker of in dustrial origi n and limest one of hig

14、h calcite content (CaCO 3： 95.3%) were used (Tables 1 and 2). Four clinker/limestone mixtures, containing 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% limestone, respectively, were ground to four difere nt finen ess each one in a pro-pilot pla nt ball mill (16 samples CLi-j of Table 3).Table 1 Chemical and mineralogical c

15、omposition of clinkerClizmiciilcompositi on t? Mineral ogicalcomposition i hSiO:2L79QS65.15ANOt5J3C2Spg3.59c3a54CdO66.42c4af0.92MgOI/7Moduli0.55LSF9)Na;O0.09SR2.50SO30,52ARL43HM2.1B济南大学毕业论文外文资料翻译Table 2 Chemical composition (%) of limestoneFczQ5ChQ0.6J0.150l1751360.02tkOO4151Table 3 Particle size di

16、stribution (passing %) of clinker, limestone and mixtured i： nm) CL10-.V5 = 200 g, an:. = O.97)cCLin-R= 35EO g.,ciTi *t = O.-95)CLIfl-D(S = 4420 g_ fl = 0.76)CI.CEMh CCEMCLCEM CcrvrB7. L0913995.2891.80KI44 8 4 77-4904.4?.取Ij.2 6 8 99 7 I 7L L 28 6-工4.y.32.lfld |.mi) CL20*-AiS J23D g crnzK 0.90)CL21J

17、-BiS 3690 g im n 0 S491.60SfJ.68阪腮713582.467140717980175 JO54.0665.955530弘ig张9037.6849.438.9038.9053 6040.5023.453ZS724.40-滋M3S.332100CL20-CCL20-D(f - 4340s mii n 0刚iS 4BOOE OlTi 4 i 0J5)LI* CCENCLCEM CCEM C鋪M4291.01RS. I DR4i93.141632715181174.5071L 2汇4274.107Z65&3.6973.SDL&51.61&11S517054.4J64.545

18、5.5057. ISW.79-53.5031154IJ9311057.5047.063S.5Q也的53.114L90430J026.912W.S023.7630.7924.5025.77316326.80pmiCLJOA (S 3850g DE： ff 0迪CLSOB(S 480 e,汇e；FT m O.BO|IS521QKT M O.6CEM CLLIZ LCEM3 3 54-9 1拔4Z.27.n - J* *1 -5 J 575.53.曲4010角閔时 咖s.4.-L4.od水_7 6斗- o81.90恥船91.2179683,9975.0074-27E4.O575,30S3険64,69

19、54K0S7.2967.K15M.4D55.4745.41345.5039.4494240. JO213124. IQ24.J.11025 D - 6 3 OF J fl 7 *3 P711蛀37.DOG_ri 3 3鳩7,l.fi2.:718?常-c-7 A TH64. SO46.10-jU.DQd pmi CL40-Ai5 =110 f . crn ff=O.85JCL40-B45 5410 g；-ETn：r H =O.&BHCL4Ck 匸IS = 5900 g. cm：5 n = 0.69)CLCEMC1.CHMCLCEMCL4CkDIS = &500 f. cm m = 0.67)CL

20、匚 EMIE167.55.狂rr7 1- 20 7 4 K7.4砥44D D D o DI 7 12 4o 6 15 62 5 2 r-i2 T o g 33 o 7 V 890.77.陆牴301o o o o8 0 4 0肌716014186.70. 紙能91.6588. W77.8973.8CII67.7263.108444J029. SOaCLi-j: C: clinker, L: limestone, i: limestone content (%), j: grinding time (A?35 min, B?50 min, C?65 min,D?85 min).bCEM: mixt

21、ure (cement).cS: speci?c surface (Blaine), n: uniformity factor of RR distribution.In order to determine the particle size distribution of clinker and limestone after their intergrinding, a sedimentation method (Andreasen apparatus) was used. A sample of each mixture was well dispersed in absolute e

22、thyl alcohol. At predefi ned time intervals samples were withdrawn using a pipet. The selected time intervals corresp ond to particle sizes less tha n 32, 16, 8 and 4 lm. The alcohol was removed by drying and the limestone content was determined by measuring the loss of ignition (LOI) at 1000 C . Fi

23、n ally, the particle size distributi on of cli nker and limest one was computed.The Rosin-Rammler distribution was used for de-scribing the particle size distributen of the interground samples. The values of the uniformity factor e nT have bee n computed (Table 3). It is see n that the in crease of

24、the limest one content, as well as the in crease of the ce-me nt finen ess, leads to wider particle size distributi on. The particle size distribution of the clinker is significantly diferent than that of the mixture. The limestone is concentrated in the fine fractions (8 lm), while the clinker is c

25、oncen trated in the coarser fracti ons. Fig. 1 prese nts limest one and cli nker contents of the diferent size fractions. It is seen that the limestone content in the fraction with size less than 4 lm is 24.8% and the clinker content is 75.2%. It must be noticed that the initial sample contains 20%

26、limestone and 80% clinker. However, the size fraction greater tha n 56 lm contains on ly 12% limest one.Accordi ng to data give n in Table 3, the in crease of the mixture finen ess in?uen ces the clinker fineness but not to a significant degree. In addition, a limestone content over 30% obstructs th

27、e grinding of both clinker and reduced clinker and limestone finen esses, compared with those containing 30%.All the above results show that the particle size distribution of the Portland limest one ceme nts, as well as the finen esses of cli nker and limest on e, is stron gly connected with the lim

28、estone content and the fineness of the mixture. In order to produce a Portland limestone cement of desired properties, the grinding to higher fine- ness (compared with the pure cements) is the easy way, but the proper one is to define the optimum fineness level, taking into account the limestone con

29、tent and the grinding properties of the comp onen ts.3. Properties of Portla nd limest one ceme ntsPortla nd limest one ceme nts were produced by in ter- grinding of cli nker (Table 1), limestone (Table 2) and gypsum in a pro-pilot plant ball mill of 5 kg capacity. The composition and the properties

30、 of the cements tes- ted are given in Table 4.Fig. 2 shows the in?uence of limest one content on the stre ngth developme nt of CL-c-45. It is observed that the addition of 10% limestone does not significantly alter the compressive stre ngth at any age of samples hav ing finen ess up to 3800 cm 2=g.

31、Further in crease of the ceme nt finen ess leads to the product ion of limest one ceme nts hav ing compressive stre ngth lower tha n the pure on es. In gen eral, the in?uence of the fineness on the compressive strength is stronger for limestone addition up to 10%.Table 4 also prese nts the ceme nt p

32、aste water dema nd, the setti ng time and the expansion of the tested samples. The limestone cements, despite their higher fineness, gen erally dema nd less water tha n the relative pure ceme nts. In limest one ceme nts containing 10% limest one, there is a reduct ion of water dema nd from 26% to 25

33、%.The in crease of the limest one content to 20% and 35% causes a decrease of the water dema nd to 23.5- 22.8%. The efect of limest one on the paste water dema nd of ceme nts can be attributed to the diferent particle size distributions of the samples. Limestone cements despite their higher fineness

34、 have wider particle size distributions - lower value of uni formity factor (n) of the Ros in- Rammler distributio n-compared with Portland cements (Table 4). This is due to the intergrinding of an easy-ground material such as limest one with the cli nker.The initial and final setting times of limes

35、tone cements (Table 4) are similar to those of the Portla nd ceme nts. The soundn ess of the limest one ceme nts (Table 4) is satisfactory. The expa nsion measured accord ing to the Le Chatelier process varies from 0.5 to 1.5 mm while the limit according to EN 197-1 is 10 mm.Fig. 1. Limestone (L) an

36、d clinker (C) content in di? erent size fractions after their intergrinding (mixture2?neness: 3890 cm /g, limestone content: 20%).4. Hydrati on of Portla nd limest one ceme ntsLimestone cements containing 0%, 10%, 20% and 35% w/w limestone were examined (samples C-45, CL10-45, CL-20-45 and CL-35-45

37、of Table 4). The properties of the studied cements are given in Table 4.Pasteswere prepared by mixi ng solid and carb on dioxide-free distilled water in polyethyle ne vials subjectedto rotati on from time to time. The water-to-ceme nt ratio used is 0.3. After periods of 1,2, 7 and 28 days, the sampl

38、es were dried in vacuum for 24 h and subjected to X-ray difractio n. Thermogravimetric an alysis (TGA) was used for the determ in ati on of non-evaporable water and calcium hydroxide content in dried ceme nt pastes, using a TA In strume nts Thermal An alyst 3000. The samples (_50 mg) were heated ove

39、r the range 20-900 C at a constant rate of 15 C /min in an3atmosphere of carb on dioxide-free n itroge n, ?ow ing in 90 cm /mi n.Table 5 shows the hydration products in the C-45 and CL-35-45 pastes. In C-45 pastes, ettri ngite is gradually tran sformed into mono sulfate. In CL-35-45 pastes, the form

40、atio n of ettri ngite is delayed and mono carboalu- min ate is preferably formed in stead of mo nosulfate. Calcium alumi nate hydrates (3CO Al 2O3 Ca(OH) I8H2O and Ca2Al 2O5 8H2O) are detected in C-45 pastes but not in limestone pastes, probably because of the diluti on of the samples by limest one.

41、Table 4 Composition and properties of Portland limestone cementsSaniplc-FidcdosH1ComprcisitT； strengthPj.su wiHr ilsm. i/! JSrUin time l-mnnlE巒(miniSjl J-2pmI dTd.2S dIniiiiil.RhlIJPisrrlmdarmsOJHL.06|.420.6M.i5L2K(IISC-45I4l524.744.6C-M335031.2IG h IM42.2it 21的3?|o30.24fi讐弭22Wiofl3Ci -： 1辱333a如侃*i

42、i 4丹W5MCJ39303131$ ii紳4J.U倔CL-ii&a4060l524.64-135JCLdO-ffl4410I9J0.92Kfi25.J44.125.1120师l.fl匚LdO羽399027.5rmias2016MZ4J.fi71.5Jfl5130CL-2CI-45JJ3CI2J 5畑ILfl214J59Z5.21IG130口 m12922.P.V436CL-20-4B302X1D.7?IJ.224.029.04fi.fiI5asCL-JS3S47902fi.fi0.777B15.427.6M321965CL-35-4551.5021fi7.5IJ.9fn 了31522.S36

43、5CLdS-S5430KfiI5J2fi.J35J301I4JDJI釦l?.l20如13. L如如111aLimestone cement: CL-c-t, C: clinker, L: limestone, c: limestone (%), t: grinding time (min). bn: Uniformity factor of RR distribution.limestone (%)Fig. 2. In?uence of limestone content on cement strength development (grinding time: 45 min).Concer

44、ning the CH and non-evaporable water de- termi natio ns (Table 6), the higher content of bound water, i n the pastes made from limest one ceme nts, in- dicates that limestone improves the clinker reactivity and the exploitation of its hydraulic pote ntial. This ef- fect may be related to the structu

45、re modificatio n of the hydrati onproducts as well as to the nucleating action of the finely ground limestone. The in crease of Ca(OH )2 content in pastes of limest one ceme nt in dicates an accelerati on of calcium silicates hydration, especially in cement containing 10% limestone.5. Properties of

46、limest one ceme nt con creteThe compositi on and properties of the tested ceme nts are give n in Table 7. Portla nd limest one ceme nts were produced by in tergri nding of cli nker, limest one and gypsum in a pro-pilot pla nt ball mill of 5 kg capacity. The ceme nts LC1-LC4 con tai n 0%, 10%, 15% an

47、d 20% limestone, respectively, and have the same 28d com- 2 pressive stre ngth (48-51 N/mm , stre ngth class 42.5R of EN 197-1). The ceme nt LC5 contains 35% limesto ne (32.5R of EN 197-1).The con crete product ion was carried out in a mixer of 50 l capacity. The mix proporti ons and the aggregate g

48、radi ng are give n in Table 8.The concrete properties of the tested cements are given in Table 9. The mixes with limest one ceme nt,although their higher finen ess, in dicate a satisfactory workability. The slump of the mixes was in the range 110-130 mm (class S3 of EN 206). A plasticizer (Poz- zoli

49、th 390N) was used in concrete containing cement with 35% limest one (LC5). Concerning the compressive stre ngth, all the mixes bel ong to the class C20/25 of EN 206.Table 5 Hydration products in samples C-45 and CL-35-45HydrsucMi productK1 d2d7 d的d,VAAABCuf.AhSOxl/OITl -25lfjOVUiCtVVJVJVCa3Al2Ofi Ca

50、SO4LittleVVJVVVCa+AhOfi-COvllHiOVVV3ChO- AQg Cs OH)s - I8H:OVdOH ,VJCmjALhOj - SHhOdTable 6 Non-evaporable water and Ca(OH )2 content in limestone cement pastesSumpEnn-cpn-niblE iiter I 1CaQElh 鮒2d7d2d7d28 dC4518.7223J224.449.4314.5516.05CL-10-4521.75时24789.102D.5919.B0CL-20-4530.2226.6227.75联95I8J2

51、ISJ5CL-3S4511028.16.0)I6.GTable 7 Characteristics of the tested cementsSumpkC rm pc si don l 订Sp. ssiirf. icrrr.g!CompnEssa-viE strength (Ninim2JC linkerLiTncstonc1 d2d7d28 dLCI10002600II21.335351ALC290103400n.220.936.3LC385L5IZ937.7LC4802014.9243SB-04B 1LC5653553009.8P.O36232.9Table 8 Concrete mix

52、proportions and aggregate gradingSlump (mm)Vnit weighi (kg/m1)ConiprcssLXT strength X7d28 dLCIIM460240051.85LCJ120郦21.90r.4n1-C312-Q妙240022.45广対LC4no420239422.0528.00LC5fc110400239021.602&.55aPlasticizer (Pozzolith 390N).Table 9 Concrete propertiesSampleCemtni ：k呂.Awrcg.AggrcsatD grading (%)fr近nien

53、(mm)30-1513-77-33-11-020.2LCI-LC42733022&1515IDLC5330IW53022515ID6. Corrosi on behavior of limest one ceme nt mortarThe ceme nts of Table 7 have bee n used for the rela- tive tests. The W =C ratio was0.50 and the calcareous sand:cement ratio was 3:1. Prismatic specimens (80 _80 _ 1002mm 3) were cons

54、tructed and four cylindrical steel bars (12 x 100 mm ) were embedded in each one. Each bar has a properly attached copper wire. Both, the top surface of all specime ns and the part of steel bars which protrudes over the con crete, are covered with an epoxy glue to protect the bars from atmospheric corrosi on.The specime ns were partially immersed in a 3 wt% NaCl solutio n, up to a height of 25 mm, i n order to accelerate the corrosi on process. After immersi ng all