英语简单句的五种基本句型(讲解、练习、打印版)

1、简单句的五种基本句型讲解及习题一、句子成份英语句子成分有主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，表语，定语，状语等。顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。1、主语：表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形 容词和主语从句等表示。例如：Country music has become more and more popular. （名词）Weofte n speak En glish in class.（代词）O

2、ne-third of the stude nts in this class are girls.（数词）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）When we are going to have an En glish test has not bee n decided.（主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign Ianguage. （it 作形式

3、主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）2、弔语：谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。1）简单谓语： We study for the people.2）复合谓语： I can speak a littleEnglish. We are reading books. He has gone to Beijing.3、表语：它位于系动词（比如be）之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。My sister is a nurse .Is it yours ?（代词）The weather has turned cold .（形容词）The speech is exciting.（分

4、词）Three times seven is twenty one ?（数词）His job is to teach English.（不定式）His hobby （爱好）is playing football .（动名词）The ruler must be in your box.（介词短语）Time is up. The class is over.（副词）The truth is that he has never been abroad .（表语从句）4、 宾语：宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后,We like English .How many dictionaries do

5、 you have? I havefive .（数词）They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）It began to rain .（不定式短语）I enjoylistening to popular music .（动名词短语）I think（that ） he is fit for his office. （宾语从句）有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。He gave me some ink .有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语

6、构成复合宾语。如：We makehim our monito r（班长）.5、 宾补: 就是宾语补足语，就是补充说明宾语的I see you crossing the streetHis father named him David.（名词）They painted（涂漆）their boat white .（形容词）Let the fresh（新鲜的） air jn.（副词）You mustn t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）We saw her entering the room .（现在分词）We found everything

7、in the labin good order .（介词短语）6、 定语：在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。He is a new student.之后。developed （发达）country.（分词）但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词The bike in the room/over there/ is mine.Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）China is a developing （发展中）country; America is aThere are thirtywome nteachers is our school.（名词

8、）His progress（进步）in En glish made us surprised.（代词）Our monitor （班长）is always the firstto enter the classroom .（不定式短语）He is reading an article（文章）about how to learn English .（介词短语）7、状语：修饰动词，形容词，副词以及状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。He lives in London .Light travels most quickly .（副词及副词性词组）He has

9、lived in the cityfor ten years .（介词短语）He is sorry to trouble（麻烦）you .（不定式短语）He is in the room maki ng a model pla ne.（分词短语）Once （旦 0 you begin , you must continue. （状语从句）状语种类如下:How about meeting againat six ?（时间状语）Last night she didn t go to the dance partybecause of the rain .（原因状语）I shall go there

10、 i f it doesn t rain .（条件状语）Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）She put the eggs into the basketwith great care.（方式状语）She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语）In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. （目的状语）He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）She works ve

11、ry hard though she is old .（让步状语）I am taller than he is .（比较状语）一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He han ded me the n ewspaper.3. I shall an swer your questi on after class.4. His job is to train swimmers.5. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing6. His wish is to bec

12、ome a scientist.7. He wants to finish the work in time.8. Tom came to ask me for advice（建议）.9. He found it importa nt to master En glish.10. Do you have anything else to say?11. Would you please tell me your address?12. He sat there, reading a newspaper.13. It _is_ our duty to keep our classroom cle

13、a n and tidy.14. He no ticed（注意至 U）a man en ter the room.15. The apples tasted sweet 简单句的五种基本句型英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂，但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。 换言之，绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下：S十V主谓结构主语+不及物动词S十V十P主系表结构主语+连系动词 +表语S十V十O主谓宾结构主语+及物动词 +宾语S十V十O1十O2主谓双宾结构S十V十O十C主谓宾补结构判断类型和句子成分：She is happyShe bought a

14、 book for me.She came .She likes English.The teacher asked me to read the passage.3She gave Joh n a bookMy head aches.一切看来都不同了。他的脸红了。Who knows the answer?谁知道答案?He enjoys readi ng.他喜欢看书。The moon rose.She makes her mother angry . The sun was shining.They talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。The dinner sm

15、ells good. 午餐的气味很好。 Everyth ing looks differe nt. He is grow ing tall and stro ng.他长得又高又壮。His face turned red.5I want to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。 He bought you a dictionary. She ordered herself a new dress.她给自己定了一套新衣裳。She cookedher husba nda delicious meal.她给丈夫煮了一餐美馔。I showed him my pictures.Igave

16、my car a wash. 我洗了我的汽车。He showed me how to run the machine.他教我开机器。What makes himthink so?他怎么会这样想？The childre n are playi ng happily.The Gree ns enjoy livi ng in Ch ina.He became a famous doctor.他成为了一名著名的医生。苹果派吃起来真是好吃。The apple pie tastes really delicious.基本句型一： S十V主谓结构这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词：appear, apolog

17、ize, arrive, come, die, disappear, fall,happen, rise,如：学生们学习很努力。基本句型二： S十V十P主系表结构 常见的系动词有：be（是）；get（变得），become（成为）,turn（变得），look（看起来）,feel（ 感到）,smell（ 闻起来）,taste（ 尝起来）,sound（ 听起来）,seem（似乎）A. 表示状态的连系动词。这些词有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain,等等。1）We shouldany time.我们在任何时候都应该保持安

18、静。2）这种食物尝起来很糟糕。.B. 表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等。如：1）Spri ng comes. It is.春天至U了，天气变得越来越暖和。2）Dont have the food.不要吃那种食物，它已经变质了。基本句型三：S十V十O主谓宾结构1）我昨天看了一部电影。 .2） They haveof the children.这些孩子他们照看得很好。基本句型四：S十V十间接宾语“人”十直接宾语“物”结构间接宾语前需要加to的常用动词有：bring,give, han d, le nd, off

19、er, pass, pay, read, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。间接宾语前需要加 for的常用动词有：buy, choose, make, order, paint, play（演奏），sing,等。1） Yesterday her fatheras a birthdaypresent.昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。2）The old manin the Long March.（正在给孩子们讲故事 ）这种句型还可转换为：动词 +直接宾语 + for/ to sb.3）Please show me your pictur

20、e. =Please.请把你的画给我看一下。4) Ithe salt. = Ithe salt我把书递给他。7但是只跟（发现）1) Keep2) They pain ted 3) We must4) He asked me 5 )我们发现他是一个懒惰的人。,please.soon.请让孩子们安静下来。他们把门漆成绿色。我们必须保持我们的学校洁。他要我早点回来。基本句型五：S十V十0十C主谓宾补结构此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语。call （叫） , choose （选），findmake, name（命名）等后面接动词

21、不定式作宾补时，不带 迫使他劳动）to。如:9. The apple tasted.A. sweets B. sweetly C. nicely10. He got upyesterday morning.A. latelyB. lateC. latestD. sweetD. latter注意：动词 have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch6) The bossall day.(7) We saw .( 他出去)。考点突破训练1. I am sorry to have kept you A to wait B wait C waited D

22、 wait ing2. I felt somebodyme.A touch B touched C to touch D touches3. He taught mespeak En glish. A how should B how C how can I D how to4. I shall make your dream. A coming truly B come true C to come true D comes true5. He toldhome.A us not to go B we not go C us not go D us to not go6. I thi nka good habit to get up early. A this B it C that D its7. Roses in bloom smell.A sweete n B sweetly C sweet D sweet ness8. The weather.A. wet and coldB. is wet and coldC. not wet and coldD. were wet and cold11. were all very tired, but none ofwould stop to take a rest.A. We, us B.