初中英语主谓一致和就近原则讲解及练习

1、英语语法主谓一致（就近、就远原则） 就近原则：也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”(proximity），即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不 一定是主语）在“人称、数”上一致。在正式文体中：1.由下列词语连接的并列主语：there be 句型; or ; either or；nor; neithernor； whetheror；notbut; not onlybut also ; 等。e.g.1 what he does or what he says does not concern me . 他的行为或言谈都与我无 关。2 neither you nor i am wrong . 你和我都没错

2、。3 not you but your father is to blame . 不是你，而是你父亲该受责备。4 not only you but(also) he is wrong . 不仅你错了，他也错了。2. 在倒装句中：谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。e.g.1 in the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people . 在 远处，能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声。2 there is (are) a pen and some books on the desk . 桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。 ii.

3、 非正式文体中：有时依“就近一致原则”，但也可依“意义一致原则”或严格地依“语法一致原则”。e.g. neither she nor i were there (意义一致) 我和他当时都不在那儿。（非正式） neither she nor i was there . （就近一致）（译文同上句）（正式）但是，如果依“就近一致原则”而与其他两项原则相矛盾时，则常常认为是不太合符规范 的。e.g.no one except his own supporters agree with him .仅他自己的支持者同意他的意 见。（依“就近”和“意义”一致的原则；但语法上，“no one ”才是主语，谓语

4、要改 成“agrees”。“写作中”一般要依“语法一致”原则。英语就近原则短语1.there be 句型 there is a book and some pencils on the desk.=there are some pencils and a book on the desk.2.neither.nor. neither you nor he is right. = neither he nor youare right.3.either.or. either they or jim is going to shanghai next saturday.= either jim o

5、r they are going to shanghai nextsaturday.4.not only.but also. not only ann but also her parents stay at home every sunday.= not only anns parents but also she stays at homeevery sunday.就远原则谓语动词与前面主语一致代表词汇：as well as；（together/along ）with；rather than；except；besides；but； including；in addition ；apartt

6、o from例子：he rather than i is right.nobody but two students is in the classroom.主谓一致单项填空专练主谓一致是历年中考热点之一,一般说来,句子的主语和谓语在人称与数上应保持一致,但在很多情况下存在一些特殊情况,这些特殊情况就是重要考点。本文以往年高考试题 为例,对此考点作以归纳。一、当主语后面与 with, as well as, but, except, like, rather than, no less than, besides, including等 + 名词或代词连用时, 谓语动词与第一个主语保持一致。1

7、. the teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, _ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.a. was b. were c. had been d. would be2. a library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift.a. is offered b. has offered c. are offered d. have offered3. e-mail, as well as telephones, _ an

8、important part in daily communication.a. is playing b. have played c. are playing d. play4. nobody but jane _ the secret.a. know b. knows c. have known d. is known5. all but one _ here just now.a. is b. was c. has been d. were二、当 either . or .; neither . nor.;not only. but also.等连接并列主语时,谓 语动词与靠近它的主语

9、保持一致。6. either you or the headmaster _ the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting.a. was handing out b. are to hand out c. are handing out d. is to hand out7. not only i but also jane and mary _ tired of having one examination after another.a. is b. are c. am d. be三、 当“the only one of + 复数名词

10、 + 定语从句”,且关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式;当“one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句”,且关系 代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式。8. he is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years.a. is b. are c. have been d. has been9. she is one of the few girls who _ in the kindergarten.a. is well paid b. are wel

11、l paid c. is paying well d. are paying well四、当 news, means, maths, plastics, physics 等在形式上是复数概念,而在意义上 是单数概念的名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。10. every possible means _ to prevent the pollution, but the sky is still not clear.a. is used b. are used c. has been used d. have been used五、当分数(百分数)+of+名词作主语时,谓语动词的数取决于 of

12、后面名词的数。11. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. a. two fifth; is b. two fifth; are c. two fifths; is d. two fifths; are六、the number of.(的数目)短语作主语时 ,谓语动词用单数形式;当 a number of.(许多)短语作主语时 ,谓语动词用复数形式。12. the number of people invited _fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. a. were; was b. was; was c. was; were d. were; were七、当“疑问词 + 不定式”结构作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。13. when and where to build the new fac