茂名学院专插本阅读

1、TEST 3Reading Comprehension Task 1Passage 1A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as rule, to have it retold in identically the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as sacred texts. It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a bo

2、ok, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual circumstances of the time and the individual child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better. A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or arousing his sadistic impulses. To prove the latter,

3、 one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often guilty of cruelty than those who had not. Aggressive, destructive, sadistic impulses every child has and, on the whole, their symbolic verbal discharge seems to be rather a safety valve than

4、an incitement to overt action. As to fears, there are, I think, well-authenticated cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy stories. Often, however, this arises from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the ple

5、asure of a fear faced and mastered.There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, two headed dragons, magic carpets, etc., do not exist; and that, instead of indulging his fantasies in fairy tales, the child should be taught

6、 how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics. I find such people, I must confess, so unsympathetic and peculiar that I do not know how to argue with them. If their case were sound, the world should be full of madmen attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a broomstick or cov

7、ering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their enchanted girl friend.No fairy story ever claimed to be a description of the external world and no sane child had ever believed that it was.1. In the writers opinion, a fairy tale _.A) cannot be read to children without variation because

8、they find no pleasure in itB) will be more effective if it is adapted by parentsC) must be made easy so that children can read it on their ownD) is no longer needed in developing childrens power of memory2. According to the passage, some people who are openly against fairy tales argue that _.A) fair

9、y tales are harmful to children in that they show the primitive cruelty in childrenB) fairy tales are harmful to children unless they have been adapted by their parentC) fairy tales increase a tendency to sadism in childrenD) children who have read fairy stories pay little attention to the study of

10、history and mechanics3. In the writers opinion to rid children of fears, fairy stories should be _.A) told only onceB) repeated many timesC) told in a realistic settingD) presented vividly4. In the writers opinion, fairy stories _.A) have a very bad effect on childrenB) have advantages in cultivatin

11、g childrens imaginativelyC) help children to come to terms with fearsD) harm children greatly5. According to the passage, which of the following statement is not true about fairy stories?A) If children indulged his fantasies in fairy tales instead of being taught how to adapt to reality by studying

12、history and mechanics the world should be full of madman. B) Children can often be greatly terrified when the fairy story is heard for the first time. C) Fairy tales may beneficially direct childrens aggressive, destructive and sadistic impulses. D) Fairy tales are no more than stories about imagina

13、ry figures with magical powers, which has nothing to do with external world. Passage 2Merchant and passenger ships are generally required to have a life preserver for every person aboard and in many cases, a certain percentage of smaller sizes for children. According to United States requirements, l

14、ife preservers must be simple in design, reversible capable of being quickly adjusted to fit the uninitiated individual, and must be so designed as to support the wearer in the water in an upright or slightly backward position. Sufficient buoyancy(浮力) to support the wearer should be retained by the

15、life preserver after 48 hours in the water, and it should be reliable even after long period of storage. Thus it should be made of materials resistant to sunlight, gasoline, and oils, and it should be not easily set on fire. The position in which the life preserver will support a person who jumps or

16、 falls into the water is most important, as is its tendency to turn the wearer in the water from a face-down position to an upright or slightly backward position, with his face clear of the water, even when the wearer is exhausted or unconscious. The method of adjustment to the body should be simple

17、, and self-evident to uninitiated persons even in the dark under the confused conditions, which follow a disaster. Thus, the life preserver should be reversible that it is nearly impossible to get it on wrong. Catches, straps, and ties should be kept to a minimum. In addition, the life preserver mus

18、t be adjustable to the wide variety of shapes and sizes of wearers, since this greatly affects the position of floating and the self-righting qualities. A suitable life preserver should also be comfortable to wear at all times, in and out of the water, not so heavy as to encourage to take it off on

19、shipboard while the ship is in danger, nor so burdensome that it hinders a person in the water while trying to swim.6. The passage is mainly about_.A) the uses of life preserversB) the design of life preservers C) the materials for life preserversD) the buoyancy of life preservers7. According to the

20、 passage, a life preserver should be first of all _.A) adjustable B) comfortableC) self-evident D) self-righting8. United States Coast Guard does NOT require the life preserver to be made _.A) with as few strings as possible B) capable of being worn on both sides C) according to each wearers size D)

21、 comfortable and light to wear9. By “the uninitiated individual” (Para. 1, Line. 4) the author refers to the person _.A) who has not been instructed how to use a life preserverB) who has a little experience in using a life preserverC) who uses a life preserver without permissionD) who becomes nervou

22、s before a disaster10. What would happen if a person were supported by the life preserver in a wrong position?A) The waves would move him backwards. B) The water would choke him. C) He would immediately sink to the bottom.D) He would be exhausted or unconscious.Passage 3Researchers have established

23、that when people are mentally engaged , biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitive (认知的)areas such as attention and memory. This is true regardless of age. People will be alert (警觉的)and receptive (愿意接受的)if they are faced with information that gets them

24、to think about things they are interested in. And someone with a history of doing more rather than less will go into old age more cognitively sound（healthy，健康的） than someone who has not had an active mind. Many experts are so convinced of the benefits of challenging the brain that they are putting t

25、he theory to work in their own lives. The idea is not necessarily to learn to memorize enormous amounts of information, says James Fozard, associate director of the National Institute on Aging. Most of us dont need that kind of skill. Such specific training is of less interest than being able to mai

26、ntain mental alertness. Fozard and others say they challenge their brains with different mental skills, both because they enjoy them and because they are sure that their range of activities will help the way their brains work. Gene Cohen, acting director of the same institute, suggests that people i

27、n their old age should engage in mental and physical activities individually as well as in groups. Cohen says that we are frequently advised to keep physically active as we age, but older people need to keep mentally active as well. Those who do are more likely to maintain their intellectual abiliti

28、es and to be generally happier and better adjusted. The point is, you need to do both, Cohen says. Intellectual activity actually influences brain-cell health and size. 11.People who are cognitively healthy are those A. whose minds are alert and receptive B. who are highly intelligent. C. who can re

29、member large amounts of information D. who are good at recognizing different sounds 12.According to Fozards argument, people can make their brains work more efficiently by A. constantly doing memory work B. making frequent adjustments C. going through specific training D. taking part in various ment

30、al activities 13.The findings of James and other scientists in their work A. remain a theory to be further proved B. have been challenged by many other experts C. are practised by the researchers themselves D. have been generally accepted 14.Older people are generally advised to A. keep mentally act

31、ive by challenging their brains B. keep fit by going in for physical activities C. maintain mental alertness through specific training D. maintain a balance between individual and group activities 15.What is the passage mainly about? A. How biochemical changes occur in the human brain. B. Why people

32、 should receive special mental training as they age. C. How intellectual activities influence brain-cell health. D. Why people should keep active not only physically but a1so mentally. Task 2Complaining about faulty goods or bad service is never easy. Most people dislike making a fuss. But if someth

33、ing you have bought is faulty or does not do what was claimed for it, you are not asking for a favor to get it put fight. It is the shopkeepers responsibility to take the complaint seriously and to replace or repair a faulty article or put fight poor service, because he is the person weight whom you

34、 have entered into an agreement. The manufacturer may have a part to play but that comes later. Complaints should be made to a responsible person. Go back to the shop where you bought the goods, taking with you any receipt you may have. Ask to see the buyer in a large store. In a small store the ass

35、istant may also be the owner so you can complain direct. In a chain store ask to see the manager. If you telephone, ask the name of the person who handles your enquiry, otherwise you may never find out who dealt with the complaint later. Even the bravest person finds it difficult to stand up in a group of people to complain, so if you do not want to do it in person, write a letter. Stick to the facts and keep a copy of what you write. At this stage you should give any receipt numbers, but you should not need to give receipts of other papers to prove you bought the article. If you are not