[专业英语考试复习资料]专业八级分类模拟153

1、专业英语考试复习资料专业八级分类模拟153专业英语考试复习资料专业八级分类模拟153专业八级分类模拟153LISTENING COMPREHENSIONConversational Skills People who usually make us feel comfortable in conversations are good talkers. And they have something in common, i.e. skills to put people at ease. . Skill to ask questions 1) Be aware of the 1 : readi

2、ness to answer others questions regardless of 2 ; 2) Start a conversation with some personal but 3 questions, e.g. questions about ones 4 job, questions about ones activities in the 5 ; 3) Be able to spot signals for further talk. . Skill to 6 for answers 1) Dont shift from subject to subject, stick

3、ing to the same subject: signs of 7 in conversation; 2) Listen to 8 of voice, if people sound unenthusiastic, then 9 ; 3) Use 10 , steady your gaze while listening. . Skill to laugh Effects of laughter: ease peoples 11 ; help start 12 . . Skill to 13 1) Importance: open up possibilities for future f

4、riendship or contact; 2) Ways: men: a smile, a 14 ; women: same as 15 now; how to express pleasure in meeting someone. (如需获取本MP3听力录音请搜索标题名) 1.答案:human nature原力原文 Conversational Skills Good morning. Todays lecture will focus on how to make people feel at ease in conversations. I guess all of you sitt

5、ing here can recall certain people who just seem to make you feel comfortable when they are around. You spend an hour with them and feel as if youve known them half your life. These people who have that certain something that makes us feel comfortable have something in common, and once we know what

6、that is, we can go about getting some of that something for ourselves. How is it done? Here are some of the skills that good talkers have. If you follow the skills, they will help you put people at their ease, make them feel secure, and comfortable, and turn acquaintances into friends. First of all,

7、 good talkers ask questions. Almost anyone, no matter how shy, will answer a question. In fact, according to my observation, very shy persons are often more willing to answer questions than extroverts. They are more concerned that someone will think them impolite if they dont respond to the question

8、s. So most skillful conversationalists recommend starting with a question that is personal, but not harmful. For example, once a famous American TV presenter got a long and fascinating interview from a notoriously private billionaire by asking him about his first job. Another example, one prominent

9、woman executive confesses that at business lunches, I always ask people what they did that morning. Its a dull question, but it gets things going. From there, you can move on to other matters, sometimes to really personal questions. Moreover, how your responder answers will let you know how far you

10、can go. A few simple catchwords like Really? Yes? are clear invitations to continue talking. Second, once good talkers have asked questions, they listen for answers. This point seems obvious, but isnt in fact. Making people feel comfortable isnt simply a matter of making idle conversation. Your ques

11、tions have a point. Youre really asking, What sort of person are you? and to find out, you have to really listen. There are at least three components of real listening. For one thing, real listening means not changing the subject. If someone sticks to the topic, you can assume that he or she is real

12、ly interested in it. Another component of real listening is listening not to just words but to tones of voice, I once mentioned D. H. Lawrence to a friend. To my astonishment, she launched into an academic discussion of the imagery in Lawrences works. Midway through, I listened to her voice. It was,

13、 to put it mildly, unanimated, and it seemed obvious that the imagery monologue was intended solely for my benefit, and I quickly changed the subject. At last, real listening means using your eyes as well as your ears. When your gaze wanders, it makes people think theyre boring you, or what they are

14、 saying is not interesting. Of course, you dont have to stare, or glare at them. Simply looking attentive will make most people think that you think theyre fascinating. Next, good talkers are not afraid to laugh. If you think of all the people you know who make you feel comfortable, you may notice t

15、hat all of them laugh a lot. Laughter is not only warming and friendly, its also a good way to ease other peoples discomfort. I have a friend who I enjoy watching in gatherings of other people who do not know each other well. The first few minutes of talk are a bit uneasy and hesitant, for the peopl

16、e involved do not yet have a sense of each other. Invariably, a light comment or joke is made, and my friends easy laughter appears like sunshine in the conversation. There is always then a visible softening that takes place. Other people smile and loosen in response to her laughter, and the convers

17、ation goes on with more warmth and ease. Finally, good talkers are ones who cement a parting, that is, they know how to make use of parting as a way to leave a deep impression on others. Last impressions are just as important as first impressions in determining how a new acquaintance will remember y

18、ou. People who make others really feel comfortable take advantage of that parting moment to close the deal. Men have had it easier. They have done it with a smile, and a good firm handshake. What about women then? Over the last several years, women have started to take over that custom as well betwe

19、en themselves or with men. If youre saying goodbye, you might want to give him or her a second extra hand squeeze. Its a way to say, I really enjoyed meeting you. But its not all done with body language. If youve enjoyed being with someone, if you want to see that person again, dont keep it a secret

20、. Let people know how you feel, and they may walk away feeling as if theyve known you half their life. Okay, just to sum up. Today, weve talked about four ways to make people feel at ease in conversations. These skills are important in keeping conversations going, and in forming friendships later on

21、. Of course, these skills are by no means the only ones we can use. The list is much longer. I hope you will use these four skills, and discover more on your own in your conversations with other people. 解析 讲座首先谈到，会说话的人会问问题。不管一个人有多害羞，都愿意回答问题。因为这是人的天性。此空需要概括得出答案，填human nature。2.答案:shyness解析 原文中提到：“几乎所

22、有人，不管他或她有多害羞，都愿意回答问题。”此处需要名词，故用shyness。注意比较一下考题：原文中的no matter与笔记中的regardless of同义，regardless of接名词，所以应根据原文how shy填shyness。此题容易记下形容词shy，难在正确地给出其名词形式。3.答案:not harmful解析 讲座提到，开始谈话时可提一些无伤大雅的个人问题。空格处填入原词not harmful。4.答案:first解析 原文指出，开始谈话时If提一些无伤大雅的个人问题(personal，but not harmful)，然后举例说，可通过询问某人的first job来开始

23、一个访谈，故填入first。5.答案:morning解析 关于如何开始谈话的另一个例子就是“问别人早上都干了什么”。因此这里应填入morning。6.答案:listen解析 此题考查要做一个good talker需掌握的第二种技巧，即：“一旦健谈的人问了问题，他们会倾听回答。”故填listen。7.答案:interest解析 原文提到“如果有人紧叮着一个话题不放，你就可以认为他或她对这个话题很感兴趣”。原文出现的是过去分词interested，题目空格前的of提示这里需要名词，故应填入interest。8.答案:tones解析 原文提到“真正倾听的另一个要素是不仅倾听字词，还要听明白语调。”故

24、这里应该填入tones。9.答案:change subject解析 讲话人举了一个讨论Lawrence作品的例子来说明对方如果没兴趣这个话题，就应该更改话题。填change subject。10.答案:eyes and ears解析 原文提到“真正的聆听意味着运用的你眼睛和耳朵。”故这里填入eyes and ears。11.答案:discomfort解析 录音说：“笑声让人感到心暖，也让人感到亲近，还是一种解除不安的好方法。”直接将原词discomfort填入即可。12.答案:conversation解析 短文说，“其他人随着她的笑声而微笑放松，对话变得温馨而轻松。”因此，笑声有助于谈话(co

25、nversation)顺利进行。13.答案:part解析 讲座最有一点谈论的是离别时的情况。由空格前的to表明这里是不定式短语，故将讲座出现的parting转换为动词原形part。14.答案:handshake解析 考生从以下录音原文可获取关键词语来填空：“男人做起来要容易些。他们会面带微笑，紧紧地握着你的手。”故填handshake。15.答案:men解析 录音原文中相关的信息为：“女人也在她们之间和与男从之间开始这种做法”，考生需要充分理解此句，才可将此空填出。研读本部分内容可以看出，提到告别的方法(ways)时，首先说到men的情况，故此处的women: same as _ now应与男

26、人(men)形成对照，判断答案是men。Journey in Catastrophes: Three Forms of Violent Storms . Winds and storms A. Winds moving in violent storms bringing about a great deal of 16 being so strong that is terrifying B. Storms occurring: the 17 of massive hot air and cold air gales: strong enough to uproot trees and bl

27、ow down chimneys, etc. thunderstorms: hot enough to expand the air to 18 C. Gales and thunderstorms: happening all over the world D. Tornadoes, waterspouts and hurricanes: happening only 19 . Tornado A. Basic knowledge a very violent wind-stoma in the 20 over land cause: gathering of 21 hot, moist a

28、ir and cold, dry air season: generally March through August time of occurrence: 22 B. Damage of a tornado making 23 things into dangerous weapons sucking everything in 24 tearing, 25 things . Waterspout A. A tornado that happens 26 B. Sucking up water . Hurricane A. Basic information other names: tr

29、opical cyclones, 27 , and willy-willies beginning over tropical oceans in late summer speed: between 12 and 24 miles per hour blowing in a large spiral around a relative calm center, known as the 28 : generally 20 to 30 miles wide the storm: likely to extend outward 400 miles B. Damages bringing 29

30、, high winds, and storm surges flattening trees and buildings flooding everything with the torrential rain sometimes sweeping inland over sea walls and 30 (如需获取本MP3听力录音请搜索标题名) 16.答案:damage/harm/loss原力原文 Journey in Catastrophes: Three Forms of Violent Storms Good morning. Todays lecture will continue

31、 our journey in catastrophes. In this session, we are going to have a brief look at three forms of violent storms: tornadoes, waterspouts and hurricanes. As we know, sometimes winds move in violent storms which do a great deal of damage and are so strong that they are terrifying. These storms happen

32、 when a mass of hot air meets a mass of cold air. Winds are measured by the speed at which they travel. They are called gales when they are strong enough to uproot trees and blow down chimneys, and at sea to whip up high waves with long crests that curl over and break in great patches of foam. Thund

33、erstorms happen when hot, damp air rises from the ground and meets cold air. As it mixes with colder air, there are very violent up currents and down currents and swirling eddies of air, and great clouds foam. The lightning flashes when accompanying thunderstorms are enormous sparks caused by electr

34、ic changes in the air. They have such great heat that the air they touch expands violently, making the sound we call thunder. Gales and thunderstorms happen all over the world. Tornadoes, waterspouts and hurricanes happen only in certain areas. Tornadoes happen in the tropics over land, especially o

35、ver the southern states of USA and also over southern-eastern Australia and north-west India. A tornado is a very violent wind-storm, in which the air whirls rapidly upward in a grayish funnel-shaped cloud, with its tip near the ground. It twists and sways in the sky like a diving thing and moves in

36、 a straight line over the countryside at about 6 to 30 miles per hour. No one knows exactly what starts a tornado, but it certainly happens when extremely hot, moist air meets cold, dry air. When two kinds of air try to pass each other, they get locked together, and the hot air spirals upward more a

37、nd more quickly until it may be whirling round at between 400 and 500 meters per hour. Tornado season is generally March through August, although tornadoes can occur at any time of year. They tend to occur in the afternoons and evenings: over 80 percent of all tornadoes strike between noon and midni

38、ght. Tornadoes do a vast amount of damage, even though they seldom last for more than an hour or two. The speed of the whirling air makes quite small things such as grams of sand into dangerous weapons. Once in America a corn cob picked up by a tornado was shot through a horses skull and killed the

39、horse. The hot air spiraling upward sucks everything in its path, rather as a vacuum cleaner does. Tornadoes have been known to tear steel bridges from their foundations, to uproot large trees, and to lift trains off their lines. People and animals have been lifted and carried some distances; a hors

40、e, for example, was once picked up, carried 2 miles, and put down again unhurt. A waterspout is a tornado that happens over sea. The whirling air sucks up water, and the waterspout moves along with a hissing, roaring, crashing noise. Sometimes tiny fishes are caught up, and their scales make the whi

41、rling column sparkle. When a waterspout passes from sea to land it becomes a tornado. Hurricanes are even more terrible than tornadoes. Nowhere are they more terrible and more frequent than in the West India, and the name hurricane comes from the name of the West Indian god of storms, Hunraken. They

42、 are called tropical cyclones in India, typhoons in China and Japan, and willy-willies in northern Australia. Hurricanes begin over tropical oceans in late summer. August and September are peak months during the hurricane season that lasts from June 1 through November 30. Hot, moist air rises as if

43、in a chimney, perhaps over a tropical islet. It gets pulled by the turning of the Earth into a whirling movement, faster and faster until it is like an enormous thick gramophone record of air whirling madly round as it moves across the sea at between 12 and 24 miles per hour. Hurricane winds blow in

44、 a large spiral around a relative calm center known as the eye. The eye is generally 20 to 30 miles wide, and the storm may extend outward 400 miles. As a hurricane approaches, the skies will begin to darken and winds will grow in strength. As a hurricane nears land, it can bring torrential rains, h

45、igh winds, and storm surges. Many hurricanes never reach land but die out over the tropical oceans, having perhaps moved as much as 1800 miles during their life of 9 to 25 days. Those that reach land die swiftly, for they need the heat and moisture of ocean air. But before dying they cause terrible

46、destruction. They flatten trees and buildings, flood everything with the torrential rain they bring with them, and sometimes create enormous waves which sweep inland over sea walls and harbors. In a terrible typhoon in Japan in 1934, over 4000 people were killed and ships were lifted over sea walls

47、into the streets. Hurricanes are given names, always feminine ones such as Besty or Alice. The first of the season is given a name beginning with A, the second with B, and so on. Hurricanes in some years have reached Janey or Katy. OK, that is all for this session. Thank you! 解析 录音材料提到，风在风暴中的移动带来极大的

48、危害(damage)，由此可知答案为damage，或其同义词harm或loss。17.答案:meeting/gathering解析 讲座提到了风暴的形成原理，即“大量热空气和冷空气相遇形成了风暴”，结合题目可知答案为meeting/gathering。18.答案:make thunder解析 此处考查雷暴的情况。讲座提到，极热的空气碰撞，发出的声音我们称之为雷声。由空格前的to提示这里是不定式结构，故用make thunder表达。19.答案:in certain areas/in some areas解析 此题说的是3种风暴的共性，录音提到，龙卷风、海龙卷和飓风都只在一定区域发生，因此答案为

49、in certain areas或in some areas。若笔记没有记录，可根据下文推测，录音原文分别提到Tornadoes happen in the tropics over land、A waterspout is a tornado that happens over sea，以及Hurricanes begin over tropical oceans.，由此可知这3种风暴的发生不是在全世界范围，而只是在某个特定的区域。20.答案:tropics解析 讲座提到，龙卷风发生在热带陆地，填入录音原词tropics即可。21.答案:extremely解析 录音原文提到龙卷风的成因，即“

50、当极热、潮湿的空气遇到寒冷、干燥的空气就会形成龙卷风”，可知答案为extremely。若此处笔记没有记录，根据录音内容可知这3种风暴都是极端气候现象，由此可推测出答案。22.答案:afternoons and evenings解析 此题询问龙卷风发生的时间。讲座谈到，他们通常发生在下午和傍晚。填afternoons and evenings。23.答案:quite small解析 此题讲述的是龙卷风的危害。录音材料提到，气旋的速度会让很小的(quite small)事物诸如细小的沙粒成为危险的武器，结合题目可知答案为quite small。24.答案:its path解析 在谈论龙卷风的危害时

51、，讲座提到，上旋的热气能将一路经过的所有东西都吸走。填入录音原词its path。25.答案:uprooting and lifting解析 此题仍是讲龙卷风的危害。录音中提到Tornadoes have been known to tear steel bridges., to uproot large trees, and to lift trains off their lines，包含3个动词tear，uproot，lift，题目给出的是动名词tearing，答案为uprooting and lifting。听音时要记下关键动词。26.答案:over sea解析 此题讲述的是第二种风暴

52、waterspout。录音中提到“海龙卷是在海域发生的龙卷风”，因此答案为over sea。注意答案是over sea，切不可因为粗心大意而写成overseas，笔记时应注意这一点。27.答案:typhoons解析 录音材料提到，“飓风在印度被叫做热带气旋(tropical cyclones)，在中国和日本被叫做台风(typhoons)，在澳大利亚北部被叫做热带小风暴(willy-willies)”，由此可知答案为typhoons。28.答案:eye解析 录音原文提到，“风眼”一般有20英里到30英里宽，可知答案为eye。29.答案:torrential rains解析 讲到飓风的损害时，讲座

53、提到，随着飓风接近陆地，它会带来暴雨、狂风和巨浪。题目已经给出了狂风和巨浪，因此填入表述暴雨的torrential rains。30.答案:harbors解析 讲座最后提到了飓风的危害。录音原文提到.create enormous waves which sweep inland over sea walls and harbors，结合题目可知答案为harbors。Why We Dont Like English Classes . Peoples 31 of how to learn English A. Preconception: intentionregistrationpaying

54、attending classes: then one will get 32 B. Actually, classes are a(n) 33 way of learning English . Things students can do at an English class A lot of 34 are spent when attending English classes A. Listening to bad English from peers B. Having the poor 35 C. Reading a boring textbook textbook makes

55、36 easier but makes learning boring D. Learning stupid grammar rules 37 of so many grammar rules is impossible the practice of them in speaking is also impossible as a result, test score may be improved but 38 E. Doing useless 39 reviewing the useless grammar rules testing English but not teaching any English F. Getting boring homework 40 usually a grammar exercise or a composition usually you dont care about the subject of the composition G. 41 cant be gained this fact is ignored by teachers how to avoid making 42 is seldom taught how to pronounce or us