人教版英语必修五第五单元知识点

1、U5(BX5)First aid Language points1 Aid (v) 帮助 ; 援助 =help sb帮助某人去做 .aid sb to do在事帮助某人 aid sb in He aided me in business.I aided her to continue her study.At Christmas, many organizations aid the poor.n /U/ 帮助 ; 援助在某人的帮助下 with the aid of为了帮助 in aid ofTeachers give their lessons with the aid of compute

2、rs.He raised money in aid of the sick.知识拓展：give/offer aid 援助come to sb.s aid 帮助某人cut off aid (突然)终止援助a hearing aid 助听器teaching aids 教具medical aid 医疗救护2. temporary 暂时的，临时的temporary relief from pain 短暂的解痛 temporary work/ solution 临时工作 /解决办法3. fall illfall+ adj.illasleepawakesicksilentHis wife suddenly

3、 last week.She has for a week.fell illbeen ill4 get+过去分词表被动或状态The computer got damaged when we were moving.My bike is getting repaired now.My glasses got broken while I was playing basketball.Peter and Mary got married last year.get doneget injured 受伤get dressed 穿衣服get damaged 遭到破坏 get changed 改变 ge

4、t married 结婚 get infected 被感染 get broken 被弄破 get lost 迷失，走失5 injure v. n. adj.injury to sth. (部位)的伤He got at work. 他干活时腿受了重伤。 (injury)He in the accident. 他在意外事故中受了伤。 (injure)injuries to the legs got injuredinjuryinjuredhurt 肉体，精神上的伤害(一般用语) ，疼痛 injure 意外或事故而受伤 wound 指外伤(刀、枪、剑伤) woundedinjuredhurthurt

5、injuredHe got in the fighting.He was badly in a car accident.Her words me deeply.I my back when I fell.My feet .6. bleed-blood-bloody(v.)(n.) (adj.)His nose was bleeding. = He was bleeding at the nose .= He has a bloodynose. 他在流鼻血。 bleed for 为 而流血 , 悲痛 bleed to death 出血过多而死 lose blood 流血、失血 flesh an

6、d blood 血肉之躯7. choke vi. & vt. 窒息 ; 阻塞She choked with emotion. 她激动得说不出话来。The smoke almost choked me. 烟呛得我几乎喘不出气来。At the bad news, he couldnt choke back his tear 听到这则噩耗，他抑制不住自己的眼泪。The man gave a few chokes and the n got his breath.那个男人噎了几下才喘过气来。8. essential adj. 最重要的，不可缺少的，本质的1) Sun and water are ess

7、ential to the growth of crops. 阳光和水是农作物生长不可缺的。2) It is essential for us to set our study goal. 我们有必要来设定我们的学习目标。3) It is essential that you (should) win the voters hearts. 赢得选民的信任是至关重要的。当用 it 充当主语而用它充当表语时， that 从句的谓语动词用 should +动词原形9. You have three layers of skin which act as a barrier against disea

8、se,act as作为.barrier 屏障,障碍物 ,隔阂You should show the ticket at the barrier.The language barrier against 反对 ,阻止 whichact asbarrier 定从 10poison n./vt. 毒药，毒害；毒害，使中毒 eg:1)Poisons must be put out of childrens reach. 毒药一定要放在孩子们够不到的地方。2) This matter will make some poison to the crops. 这种物质会对庄稼造成毒害。3) Books of

9、 this kind can make poison to children. 这类书会对儿童造成毒害。4) Heroin has poisoned a lot of people. 海洛因毒害了很多人。5) The polluted water in the river poisoned people here. 污染了的河水使这儿的人中毒。 poisonous adj. 有毒 (害)的eg: This medicine is poisonous if taken in large quantities.11. protect against/ from 保护 不受 的损害prevent f

10、rom doing 阻止Wear sunglasses to .You need warm clothes.Nobody can (阻止他们结婚 )protect your eyes from strong light to protect you against cold prevent them from getting marriedIt is my duty to my students from being hurt when they are in danger. DA. prevent B. save C. stop D. protect prevent sb. (from) d

11、oing stop sb. (from) doing keep sb. from doing12. sense (n. & v.) five senses： sense of smell sense of hearing the sixth sense sense of touch sense of sight sense of tastesense ofhumour、duty、 direction The man has no common sense . (无常识 ) What he said made no sense.没道理)sense (v.) 感觉到t like the idea.

12、Although she didnt say anything, I sensed that she didn(我感觉到她不喜欢这个主意)13.So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burned, it can be very serious. 该句是一个主从复合 句，主句为： So if your skin gets burned, it can be very serious ；从句为： as you can imagine. as引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面的内容，有正如”或 就象”的意思；它所引的从句位置较灵活，可以位于句首、句中或句末。另

13、外，该句的主句中还含有一个 if 引导的条件状语从句。请看类似的句子：As you can see, if they are not properly protected, the farmlands will become desserts sooner or later.正如你所看到的，这些农田如果保护不当迟早会变成沙漠。as we all know = as is known to allas we expect = as is expectedas everybody can seeas you can imagine14. various 不同的，各种各样的There are var

14、ious colors to choose from.vary vi 1.(in sth)be different in size, volume, strength, etc(体积、容积、力量等 )呈现不同Opinions vary on this point.15. vary (with sth); (from sth to sth)change , esp according to some factor改变，变动，变化(尤指伴随某种因素而产生)Prices vary with seasons. 物价随季节而变动Her mood varied from optimism to extre

15、me depression. 她的情绪由乐观一变而为极度消沉 variety n. 变化，多样性，种类We all need variety in our diet. 我们都需要饮食多样化The shopping center sells a variety of goodsa variety of+名词,谓语动词的数和后面的名词保持一致16. depend on取决于 依赖,依靠，信赖，信任His whole family depends on him 他全家都靠他养活 .He is a man to be depe nded on他是个可以信赖的人dependent ( adj. ) de

16、pendence ( n. ) independent ( adj. ) independence (n.)17. mild-milder-mildest-mildlyExamples include mild sunburn and burns caused by touching a hot pan, stove or iron for a d 在这个句子中的意思是 “轻微的、不严重的 ”。如： Edward suffered from a mild heart attack. 爱德华犯了轻微的心脏病。mild还可以表示 温和的、暖和的；味淡的 ”如： Shes the

17、 mildest person I have ever met in my life. 她是我平生见到过的最温柔的人了a mild climate 温暖的天气mild cheese 淡味奶酪gentle/soft/ mildThe punishment is very .The weather is .I like a pillow.He was a person of birth. （ 身世良好 ）He spoke in a dmildgentlesoftgentle/soft/ mild18. 词语辨析 :electric 电的 ,发电的 ,由电产生的 ,用于导电的 .e

18、lectrical 有关电的 ,与电有关的 .electricity 电,电力 . 电力学electric generator 发电机 , electric cooker 电炉 ,electric iron 电熨斗 , electric engineer 电机工程师19. swell vt./vi. Swell swelled/ swelled swollen 使膨胀，使 （ 力量，数目等 ）增长，使壮大， The wind swelled the sails. 风使船帆鼓起。His injured wrist began to swell （up）. 他那受伤的手腕开始肿起。Her face

19、 swelled up with toothche.The wind swelled into a storm. 风力渐增，终于形成一场暴风雨。a small business swelled into a big company. 壮大4）Never swell with pride when you make some contributions. 有了贡献不要沾沾自喜。swell with pride/anger 得意洋洋、怒气冲冲The doctor examined the swelling on my back.swollen adj. 肿胀的His eyelid is swoll

20、en. 他眼皮肿了。20. stickstick sth. to sth. 粘住Stick the glue to my fingers.stick to doing sthstick to 坚持stick to one 坚持自己的观点21. jewellery=jewelry珠宝 （总称 ） 不可数jewel 可数，珠宝，珍视的人、物The were kept in the safe.Many women like to buy as much as possible.Father always says I am his .jewel jewellery jewels She appear

21、ed at the reception wearing her finest jewels.She locked her jewels in the jewellery box.My sister has _ .A. a piece of jewellery B. a jewelleryC. a little of jewels D. a bit jewellery22. Cool burns immediately with cool but not icy water. 立即用凉水给伤口冲凉，但不要用冰水 -y 是个形容词后缀。如：windy 有风hilly 多小山的sleepy 困倦的g

22、reeny 略呈绿色的spicy 辛辣的woody 树木茂密的23. unbearable 不能忍受的un不能.，无法.unforgettable unwillingunusualuncertain unfair unfit unbelievable unfortunate unlike uncomfortable24. squeeze 挤；压；塞 sth. into sth. 把 塞进 sth. from/ out of sth. 挤出 through 挤过sth. out of sb. 敲诈逼某人说出 sb in 挤出时间见某人 crocodile squeezed a tear.I sq

23、ueezed myself onto the crowded train. He squeezed everything into a suitcase.She watched her grandma squeeze the juice out of a lemon attentively Although I am bus y， I still can squeeze you in at 10 o clockThose blackmailers intended to squeeze more money out of him. 那些勒索者打算向他榨取更 多钱。I ll never give

24、 in to you， and you can squeeze nothing out of me The little boy is squeezing the toothpaste from the tube onto the toothbrush25. over and over againList some phrases or words that have similar meaning over and over again and againover and again many times repeatedly from time to time now and then n

25、ow and again Sometimes At times On occasions26. Hold the bandage in place with tape. 用胶布把绷带固定。 in place 在适当的地方。如：The librarian put the returned books in place. 图书馆员把还回的图书放到原处。You d better put thi ngs back in place.尔最好把你的东西放回原位。Her dress was out of place at the ceremony. (不得体 ,不适当)in place 还有 “准备就绪 ”

26、的意思。如：The arrangements for the concert next Saturday are all in place. 周六的音乐会已经准备就绪。 With everything in place, she started the slide show.27. Pour1. 倒,灌 ,注She poured herself another cup of tea. 她为自己又倒了一杯茶。2. 倾注 ;大量投入 ;大量生产They have poured money into the tourist industry. 他们已经把大笔钱投入了旅游业。3 倾吐 ,诉说She o

27、ften pours her troubles to friends. 她经常向朋友们倾诉自己的苦恼。 不及物动词 vi.1. 倾泻 ,涌流The crowd poured out of the concert hall. 人群从音乐厅涌出来。Sweat poured from Martins face. 马丁脸上汗如雨下。2. 斟茶Shall I pour? 我来斟茶好吗 ?3 (雨)倾盆而降 (+down)The rain poured steadily down. 大雨不停地倾盆而下。Pour cold water on/over 对 泼冷水Pour oil on the flames

28、火上浇油Pour oil on troubled waters 平息风波I. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。1. There are over 115 different kinds of (poison) snakes in Australia.2. Doctors in that hospital are developing a new (treat) for cancer.3. He is a (mildly) person who never shouts.poisonous treatment mild4. This machine has an (electric) fault.

29、 (与电有关的)5. His face was (swell) up with toothache.6. If he (blood) too much, his life will be in danger.7. His foot was burned by hot water and there were several (water) blisters on it.swollen bleeds watery electricalII. 根据句意 , 选择适当的单词或短语并用其适当形式填空。1. protect; defenda. Taking an umbrella can you fro

30、m rain.b. Schools should give children lessons on how to tect protect / defend2. wound; injure; hurta. She was badly when she fell off her bike.b. His leg when he walks.c. The soldier got a serious in the war.hurt / injuredwoundhurts3. insist on; stick toa. Once a decision has been mad

31、e, all of us should it.b. They leaving that day.c. He always his promise.sticks tostick toinsisted on4. cut off; cut out; cut upHe was the meat and wanted to make dumplings.b. You can the unimportant details.c. The village was by heavy snow for a month.cut offcutting upcut outIII. 用适当的介词填空。1. We don

32、 t want to hear your opinions; stick _ the facts.2. The robber robbed the bank _ force.3. Whether we will have a picnic tomorrow depends _ the weather.4. He was great pain after he broke his arm.tobyonin / of5. They decided to join to fight the enemy and defend their country.6. As soon as all the ch

33、airs are _ place, we can let the people in.Don t take any notice _ what he says.8. the aid of our teacher, we got through all the difficulties.WithagainstinofV. 下列各句均有一处错误 , 请指出并改正 .If you want to change for a double room, youyoltlhhear v3e0toyupan. another2. First the curtain caught a fire and then

34、 the bed clothes. it3. I like that in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.4. To my disappointment, none of my parents answered the telephone. neither5. She knew there was no doubt whether he was lying to her. that6. It was in the street where I met John. that7. The speech is in the place

35、 for this occasion.VI. 根据括号内所给的提示将下列句子翻译成英语。1. 他被年轻人挤出了人才市场。 (squeeze out of)He was squeezed out of the job market by young people.2. 我一次又一次地警告过你不要再做那么傻的事。(over and over again)I ve warned you over and over again not to do such silly things.3. 用胶带固定好绷带。 (in place)Hold the bandage in place with tape.4

36、. 风暴对庄稼没造成多大的破坏。 (do damage to)The storm didn t do much damage to the crops.5. 我不怀疑他能按时完成任务。 (doubt)I don t doubt that he can finish the task on time.6. 坚持做完一件事。 (stick to)Stick to a task until it is finished.7. 法律一旦被制订 ,就应该被认真执行。 (carry out)Laws must be carried out seriously once made.8. 正是那个护士的快速反

37、应和急救知识挽救了男孩的生命。It was the nurse s quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved the boy.Reading21 baward, reward, prizeaward 指正式地或官方地颁发，授予，给予；也可以指法庭裁决给予。如：The school principal awarded a prize in history to the best student. 学校校长将历史奖授予最出色的学生。reward “报答，报偿，奖赏 ”，表示由于做了某事而应该得到的东西。如：The fireman rece

38、ived a reward for saving the childs life. 因救了小孩的命，消防员提到一笔奖金。prize 奖“赏，奖金，奖品 ”，尤指在比赛中获得的荣誉。如：Hundreds of prizes can be won in our newspaper competition. 参加我们报纸的竞赛可以赢得数以百计的奖品。1.It is widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead toA. rewards B. prizes C. awards D. resu

39、lts2. The mayor the police officer a medal of honor for his heroic deed in rescuing theearthquake victims.A) rewardedB) awardedC) creditedD) prized一. award 与 reward 词义辨析AB3. The police have offered a large _ for information leading to the robber s arrest.A. awardB. compensationC. prizeD. rewardD2.Ho

40、norn. (U) 荣誉，尊敬 ;名誉It s a point of honor with meo treply all my debts promptly.(C) 引以为荣的人/事，只用单数。(D) The successful launch of the“ Shenzhou VI ” is an honor to our country.do sb an hon or/the honor (of doing sth) 使某人有特殊的荣幸 ，赏光Will you do me the honor of dining with me? 可否赏光和我一起吃饭？in sb s /sth 出于o对br

41、的敬意We are planning a big Christmas party in your honor. 我们正筹备为你举行一次盛大的圣诞晚会。in honor of；为纪念 ，为庆祝 A monument was built in honor of the heroes who gave up their lives during the war. 为了纪念在 战争中献身的英雄们，建立了一座纪念碑。Honorv给予表扬(或奖励、头衔、称号)1 honor sb/sth ( with sth )The President honored us with a personal visit.

42、2 be hon ored for因而受到尊敬Dr Bethune was honored for his selfless work. 白求恩大夫由于他无私的工作而受到赞誉。3 be/feel honored that彳艮荣幸能做 I am honored that you should notice me. 我很荣幸您能注意到我。4 be/feel honored to do 很荣幸能做 。I am honored to be here with you. 能和你在这里我感到很荣幸。an honored guest 贵宾3 present v.Joan was presented with

43、 his award at a ceremony which recognized the bravery of the life of another.1. 赠送present + sth. +to +sb. 把某物送给某人present + sb. +with sth. 赠送某人某物2. introduce (sb) formally 正式介绍She presented her boyfriend to us. 她把男朋友介绍给我们。3. show 显示,呈现a smiling face 显出一张笑脸4. 描述The characters in the novel are vividly

44、ed. 小说中人物被描写得很生动adj. 作前置定语 ,“目前的 ,现在的”作后置定语 , “出席的 ,在场的the present membersthe members presentn. gift 礼物相关短语：the prese nt day 今天(=today)at present/ at the present time= now 现在for the present 暂时the present 现在(相当于名词 )be present at 出席;到场4) .ceremonyn. (C)典礼；仪式(U)礼节；礼仪；客套The wedding ceremony was beautifu

45、l.There is no need for ceremony between us.Expressions:sta nd on ceremony拘泥礼节；讲究客套with ceremony 正式；隆重without ceremony 不拘礼节地；随便地The head of state was welcomed with full ceremony. 人们以最高规格的仪式欢迎国家首脑。5) . John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.此句型中when作并列连词相当于 and then意为正当时突然”常用于以下句型：be do

46、i ngwhe n正在做突然be about to dowhen 即将做突然be on the point to dowi要n去做.突然has/have/had done when刚刚这时(突然)例题( 06，湖南) I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busy drying myself with a towel, _ I heard the steps.AwhileB. when C. since D. after6 cut ones finger 割破手指have ones hair cut 理发cut expenses 减少费用

47、cut a class 逃学Was your salary cut? 你的薪水减少了吗 ?习惯用语：be cut out for 有做某事的天赋 ; 适合于 ; 与 .相配合short cut 捷径 , 近路 （一般和 make, take 连用 ; 有时用作定语 ） draw cuts 抽签 cut about 乱切 , 乱砍 乱跑 cut at 向 .砍去 猛打 毁掉 cut away 切除 , 剪掉 匆匆跑掉 cut back（on） 减少; 剪短; 倒叙; 缩减 ; 中断;cut down 削减 , 压缩 砍倒 使丧命 比.强; 使.逊色cut in 插进来说 , 插嘴 夹进来 , 夹

48、塞 干预 超车cut into 插进来 , 参加（谈话 ）, 打断（别人的话 ）; 减少, 缩减; 切开 ; 侵犯（利益） cut off 切断 , 停掉 隔绝 , 挡住 死掉 使电话中断 切剪下来 剥夺（继承权 ） cut out 删掉 停止 （机器 ）失灵7. a number of+可数名词，谓语用复数，意为许多，大量的 ，th” number of +可数名词,谓语用单数，意为 “的数量”eg:1）A number of problems have arisen.已经出现了很多问题。2）The number of colleges has increased in the past 1

49、0 years. 在过去的十年里，大学的数量有所 增加。其他表示 “许多，大量 ”的短语：a great /good manya large /great /good/small number of +可数名词a good few / quite a fewmany amucha great / good deal ofa great / large amount of+不可数名词quite a littlea lot of / lots ofa great / large quanitity of+可数或不可数名词large quanitities ofplenty of8. put one

50、s hands on 找到eg: Few of the students have put their hands on the materials for their compositions. 没有几个学生找到适合他们作文的素材。9. treat vt.1）对待；看待，把 .看作：treat sb.badly 虐待某人treat sb.as dist in guishded guest 把某人待为上宾treat sb. with consideration 对待某人很体贴Do not treat this serious matter as a joke.2）讨论；探讨；详述； （文学，艺

51、术作品中）描绘，描述；表现：He treats this subject thoroughly in his book. 他在书中详尽透彻地讨论了这个问题。3）医治，治疗：treat sb. for influenza 给某人医治流行感冒treat sb s toothaCh疗某人的牙痛4）款待，请客 （to）:treat sb. to an ice-cream（ a theatre ）请某人吃冰激凌（看戏）I ll treat myself to a sun bat我要好好地享受一次日光浴。Let s go out for dinn-e-r-my treat this time. 这次由我请

52、客。10 .applyVt. 涂 ,敷;应用 ;适用Application applicant-applicance-applicable1）涂,敷她在脸上浓妆艳抹She applied heavy makeup to her face.2）我们应该把理论应用于实践。We should apply theory to practice.This rule can not be applied to every case.vi. 申请 apply to sb for sthapply for a job 申请就业Apply for a scholarship 申请奖学金apply to do s

53、th 申请做某事They applied to return to China.3）适用School regulations apply to every student. 校规适用于每位学生。This rule can not apply to every case. 这条规则并不是在每种情况下都能适用的。apply oneself/sth to sth 使致力 （于）,使专心从事He applied himself to learning French. 他致力于学习法语。专心于， 致力于 :Bury oneself inAbsorb oneself inInvolve oneself inlose oneself incommit oneself todevote oneself tokeep one s mind on11.There is no doubt that Johns quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school