[][]各类病毒及其繁殖方式

1、第三节第三节 各类病毒及其繁殖方式各类病毒及其繁殖方式 一、原核生物的病毒一、原核生物的病毒噬菌体噬菌体 噬菌体：噬菌体：是病毒中的一种，一般把侵染细菌、是病毒中的一种，一般把侵染细菌、 放线菌的病毒叫噬菌体。（把侵染真菌的病放线菌的病毒叫噬菌体。（把侵染真菌的病 毒叫噬真菌体）毒叫噬真菌体） 噬菌体在自然界广泛存在，在噬菌体在自然界广泛存在，在1995年发表的年发表的 ICTV的病毒分类与命名第六次报告中共报道的病毒分类与命名第六次报告中共报道 了了4000余种，分别划归为余种，分别划归为49个病毒科个病毒科. 据据Bradley(1967)归纳，噬菌体共有六类形态。归纳，噬菌体共有六类形态

2、。 1.形态与分类 噬菌体共有六类形态：噬菌体共有六类形态： T-系噬菌体系噬菌体T-系噬菌体是研究的最广泛而又深入的系噬菌体是研究的最广泛而又深入的 细菌噬菌体，按发现的先后顺序进行从细菌噬菌体，按发现的先后顺序进行从T1-T7编号，后来编号，后来 发现其中偶数者的形态都相同（蝌蚪形收缩性长尾），故发现其中偶数者的形态都相同（蝌蚪形收缩性长尾），故 统称统称T偶数噬菌体偶数噬菌体。 由于绝大多数噬菌体为蝌蚪形，现以由于绝大多数噬菌体为蝌蚪形，现以E.coli T4为例，介绍蝌蚪形噬菌体的结构：为例，介绍蝌蚪形噬菌体的结构： 大肠杆菌大肠杆菌T4T4噬菌体构造噬菌体构造 偶数噬菌体的形态构造偶

3、数噬菌体的形态构造 2.BACTERIOPHAGE LIFE CYCLES Two primary types of bacteriophages ： 温和噬菌体（温和噬菌体（temperate phragetemperate phrage）噬菌体噬菌体 感染细胞后，将其核酸整合（插入）到宿主的感染细胞后，将其核酸整合（插入）到宿主的 核核DNADNA上，并且可以随宿主上，并且可以随宿主DNADNA的复制而进行同的复制而进行同 步复制，在一般情况下，不引起寄主细胞裂解步复制，在一般情况下，不引起寄主细胞裂解 的噬菌体。的噬菌体。 烈性噬菌体（烈性噬菌体（virulent phage）感染细胞感

4、染细胞 后后, ,能在寄主细胞内增殖，产生大量子代噬菌能在寄主细胞内增殖，产生大量子代噬菌 体并引起细菌裂解的噬菌体。体并引起细菌裂解的噬菌体。 The lytic life cycle consists of the following steps: AdsorptionPenetrationReplication Maturation Release。 (1)The Lytic Life Cycle of Lytic Bacteriophages The bacteriophage binds to receptors on the bacterial cell wall. The bac

5、teriophage injects its genome into the bacteriums cytoplasm Fig. 2: Penetration Fig. 1: Adsorption The bacteriophage genome replicates and bacteriophage components begin to be produced by way of the host bacteriums metabolic machinery. The production of bacteriophage components and enzymes progresse

6、s . Fig. 4: Late Replication Fig. 3: Early Replication The bacteriophage components assemble. A bacteriophage- coded enzyme breaks down the peptidoglycan in the bacterial cell wall causing osmotic lysis. Fig. 6: Release Fig. 5: Maturation Phage T4 infecting its host E. coli cell Electron Micrograph

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