(完整版)英语国家社会与文化入门下册的答案

1、UNIT 3 1. What is an American? He is either a European, or the descendant of a European, hence that strange mixture of blood, which you will find in no other country. He is an American, who leaving behind him all his ancient prejudices and manners, receives new ones from the new mode of life he has

2、embraced, the new government he obeys, and the new rank he holds. . Here individuals of all nations are melted into a new race of men, whose labors and posterity will one day cause great changes in the world. . The American is a new man, who acts new principles; he must therefore entertain new ideas

3、, and form new opinions. 4 . In what way did Puritanism influence American culture? A. Today, Puritans are no longer in existence. But their legacies are still felt in American society and culture. For example, the Puritans hoped to build a city upon hill an ideal community. Since that time, America

4、ns have viewed their country as a great experiment, a worthy model for other nations. This sense of mission has been very strong in the minds of many Americans. B. The Puritans also have left rich cultural heritage to future Americans. The American values such as individualism, hard work, respect of

5、 education owe very much to the Puritan beliefs. Unit4 3. What are some of the major powers of each of the three branches of the U.S. government? How are the three branches supposed to check and bala nee each other? A 1.- the legislative branchis made up of elected representatives from all of the st

6、ates and is the only branch that can make federal laws, levy federal taxes and declare war or put foreign treaties into effect. It consists of a Congress that is divided into the House of Represe ntative and the Sen ate. The House of Represe ntatives has 435 members who serve two-year terms. The Sen

7、 ate comprises 100 lawmakers who serve six-year terms. Each state, regardless of populati on, has two sen ators. 2. - the executive bra nch is the preside nt, who is elected to a four-year term. A preside nt can be elected to on ly two terms accord ing to an ame ndme nt passed in 1951. The preside n

8、t can appo int federal judges as vaca ncies occur. He is the comma nder in chief of the armed forces. The preside nt has other broad authorities in running the gover nment departme nts and han dli ng foreig n relati ons. 3. - the judicial bra nch is headed by the Supreme Court with a chief justice a

9、nd 8 associate justices. The Federal courts have jurisdiction over cases arising out of the Constitution and other cases which do not arise out of in dividual states. The Supreme Court has the judicial review power, the power determining whether con gressi on al legislati on or executive acti on vio

10、lates the Con stituti on. B. 1.lf Con gress proposes a law that the preside nt thinks is un wise, the preside nt can veto it. 2. If Con gress passes a law which is the n challe nged in the courts as uncon stituti on al, the Supreme Court has the power to declare the law uncon stituti onal and theref

11、ore no Ion ger in effect. 3. The preside nt has the power to make treaties with other n ati ons and to make all appo in tme nts to federal positi on s, i nclud ing the positi on of Supreme Court justice. The Sen ate, however, must approve all treaties and con firm all appo in tme nts before they bec

12、ome official. I n this way the Con gress can preve nt the preside nt from making un wise appo in tme nts. 4. What is the Bill of Rights? Do you thi nk that it was n ecessary to write the Bill of Rights explicitly into the U.S. Co nstitutio n? The Bill of Rights: the first 10 ame ndme nts, collective

13、ly known as the Bill of Rights, were added within two years of the adoption of the U.S. Con stituti on. These ame ndme nts rema in in tact today, as they were writte n two centuries ago. The first guarantees freedom of worship, speech and press, the right of peaceful assembly, and the right to petit

14、ion the government to correct wrongs. The Bill of Rights and subsequent constitutional amendments guarantee the American people the fullest possible opportunity to enjoy fundamental human rights. UNIT 6 1. In what way do you think that religious freedom was a historical necessity in the United State

15、s? 1. By the middle of the 18th century, many different kinds of Protestants lived in America. 2. The Great Awakening of the 1740s, a revival movement that sought to breathe new feeling and strength into religion, cut across the lines of Protestant religious groups, or denominations . 3.A few Americ

16、ans were so influenced by the new science and new ideas of the Enlightenment in Europe that they became deists, believing that reason teaches that God exists but leaves man free to settle his own affairs. 4. The First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States forbade the new federal governm

17、ent to give special favors to any religion or to hinder the free practice, or exercise, of religion. 3 What promotes the diversity in American religion? 1. The United States has always been a fertile ground for the growth of new religious movements. Frontier America provided plenty of room to set up

18、 a new church or found a new community. 2. Many religious communities and secular utopias, or experiments in new forms of social living, were founded in 18th and 19th century America . 3. Americans with different religions live together under the same law. 4. The religious beliefs of Americans conti

19、nue to be strong with social progress. 5. In the United States every church is a completely independent organization, and concerned with its own finance and its own building. 6. Continuous immigration. UNIT 8 3.What are the major characteristics of education in America? 1. About 85% of American stud

20、ents attend public schools (schools supported by American taxpayers). The other 15% attend private schools, for which their families choose to pay special attendance fees. Four out of five private schools in the United States are run by churches, synagogues or other religious groups. In such schools

21、, religious teachings are a part of the curriculum. 2. Each of the 50 states in the United States has its own laws regulating education. From state to state, some laws are similar; others are not. Education in the United States was to remain in the hands of state and local governments. 3. Americans have a strong tendency to educate their children about major public concerns problems such as environmental pollution, nuclear issues, neighborhood crime and drugs. Unit9 一（ 1）the Civil Rights Movement, the Youth Movement, the