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1、高等教育自学考试冲刺模拟试卷外语教学法(二)第部分 选择题. multiple choicedirections: in this section, you are given 15 questions beneath each of which are four choices marked a, b, c and d. you are to make the best choice either to complete the incomplete statement or to answer the question. one point is given to each correct

2、 choice.1. it was _ who has accomplished the functional linguistics and made the london school of linguistics one of the most competitive linguistic theories in the world.a. m. a. k. halliday b. bronislaw malinowskic. j. r. firth d. sigmund freud2. leonard bloomfield, a linguist in america, is regar

3、ded as the father of american_.a. structuralism b. naturalismc. functionalism d. audiolingualism3. the years between 1940 and 1970 is known as_ period.a. the reform movementb. modern language teaching and researchc. communicative language teachingd. structural language teaching4. an ultimate purpose

4、 of learning a foreign language in a grammar-translation classroom is to enable the learners to_.a. think and communicate in the target languageb. get a practical command of the four basic skills of the languagec. get the same types of abilities that native speakers haved. read and translate its lit

5、erature.5. in a direct method classroom, grammar is learned inductively through _ activities.a. listening and speaking b. translating and readingc. writing and reading d. listening and reading6. the following are basic principles of the oral approach except_.a. selection principle b. gradation selec

6、tion principlec. four skills principle d. presentation principle7. audiolingual methodologists use dialogues as the main form of language presentation and_ as the main training techniques.a. sentence patterns b. drillsc. sentence analysis d. language points8. the natural approach was proposed in 197

7、7 by_, a teacher of spanish at the university of california.a. krashen b.d.a. wilkinsc. tracy terell d. hymes9. the communicative approach has a theory of language rooted in_.a. functional linguisticsb. transformational generative linguisticsc. structural linguisticsd. cognitive linguistics10. the p

8、eoples education press joined hands with the longman group ltd. in late 80s and early 90s and compiled a textbook series for chinese _ teaching.a. college b. secondaryc. elementary d. graduate11. by_, they mean that individuals of one culture have to go through the process of modification in attitud

9、es, knowledge and behavior in order to function well in another culture.a. cognitive theory b. suggestopaediac. acculturation theory d. lad12. who was called the father of american structuralism?a. chomsky b. bloomfieldc. krashen d. palmer13. in _ english became a formal requirement for the college

10、entrance examination in china and began to appear in the curriculum for the 4th and 5th year of primary schools.a. 1952 b. 1962c. 1972 d. 198214. in hymes view, _ refers to the ability not only to apply the grammatical rules of language but also to know when and where to use these and to whom.a. lin

11、guistic competence b. communicative competencec. spontaneous capacity d. language acquisition device(lad)15. which of the following statements is true in the grammar-translation method?a. l1 was maintained as the reference system in the acquisition of l2.b. l2 was maintained as the reference system

12、in the acquisition of l1.c. latin was maintained as the reference system in the acquisition of l2.d. latin was maintained as the reference system in the acquisition of l1. filling blanksdirections: in this section there are 20 statements with 20 blanks. you are to fin each blank with one appropriate

13、 word. one point is given to each blank.16. in the early 1960s, the famous swiss psychologist piaget established his theory of_ development.17. the _ method at one time was called classical method since it was first used in the teaching of the classical language of latin and greek.18. the two major

14、types of cognitive structures are schemas and_.19. brunner, the famous american psychologist, holds that learners should organize knowledge for themselves by using discovery method rather than having materials _ by the teacher.20. _ researchers have now begun to shift their attention from seeking th

15、e best teaching method to studying individual difference.21. the grammer-translation method believes that grammar is the _ of language, and language materials are arranged according to the grammar system.22. the oral approach is the first to establish _ principles for teaching english as a foreign l

16、anguage.23. for candlin, the _ negotiation involved in making choices and decisions lies at the heart of the language learning process.24. the _ approach is an approach developed by british applied linguists from the 1930s to 1960s.25. the _ approach emphasizes on actual language use; successful, re

17、alistic communication; use of techniques to make classroom simulate real language environment.26. palmer tried out the _ method in his teaching.27. the cognitive approach emphasizes on the conscious _ of language as a meaningful system.28. generally speaking the goal of foreign language teaching is

18、to help the learner master the_language in the shortest possible time.29. the oral approach is a _ method in the language teaching.30. the natural approach considers _ as the most important element of any language teaching programme.31. krashen s monitor hypothesis states that learning has only one

19、function, and that is as a _.32. in communicative approach, three kinds of materials are currently used. they are labeled text-based, task-based and _.33. to teach a foreign language well, we must divide it into small _ units.34. according to the oral approach, simple forms of grammar are taught bef

20、ore_ ones, and inductively.35. suggestopaedia believes that language learning can occur at a much faster rate than it is often expected if learners can make better use of their_ powers. matching directions: this section consists of three groups of pairs listed in two columns, a and b. you are to mat

21、ch the one marked 1), 2), 3),4) or 5) in column a with the one marked a, b, c, d or e in column b. one point is given to each pair you match.36. column a1) _ the grammar-translation method2) _ the direct method3) _ the audiolingual method4) _ the cognitive approach5) _ the communicative approach col

22、umn ba) the primary function of language is communication.b) all languages originated from one language and were ruled by a common grammar.c) language is a system of structurally related elements for the expressions of meaning.d) every language has its own structures and can not be forced into the c

23、onstraining pattern of latin grammar.e) a native speaker has in his brain a set of grammar rules which he can use to make sentences with. 37. column a1) _ the theory of language underlying the communicative approach2) _ the theory of learning underlying the communicative approach3) _ one of the obje

24、ctives of the communicative approach4) _ one of the techniques of the communicative approach5) _ one of the main features of the communicative approach column ba) language best learned through use in social contextb) to develop the students communicative competencec) role playd) the introduction of

25、authentic texts into the learning situatione) functional linguistics38. column a1) _ the oral approach2) _ the audiolingual approach3) _ the cognitive approach4) _ the natural approach5) _ the communicative approach column ba) rule learning, meaningful practice and creativity are the focus of classr

26、oom teaching.b) some of the skills are developing listening, giving oral presentation, project work, role play and stimulation.c) it employs situations for presenting new sentence patterns and drill-based manner of practising them.d) in class students are asked to first listen to a dialogue, then re

27、peat and memorize it.e) when learners are ready to begin talking in the target language, the teacher provides comprehensible and simple response opportunities. questions for brief answersdirections: this section has six questions. you are to briefly answer them. five points are given to each questio

28、n.39. why is first language forbidden in a direct method classroom?40. what is the main techniques used in a grammar-translation classroom?41. how does an oral approach teacher respond to students errors?42. what conditions are needed if you want to apply the audiolingual method in your teaching?43.

29、 are structure drills valuable pedagogical activities? why or why not?44. what is the basic theory of gestalt psychology?. questions for long answersdirections: the two questions in this section are to be answered on the basis of your own teaching experience as well as the theoretical knowledge youv

30、e learned. ten points are given to each question.45. which of the principles of the audiolingual method are acceptable to you?46. how useful are the techniques used by a cognitive teacher to your english teaching and learning experience?冲刺模拟试卷(二)multiple choices:1a2a3d4d5a6c7b8c9a10b11c12b13b14b15a1

31、解析 马利诺夫斯基是功能语言学派的先驱,他提出“语境(context of situation)”这一概念,弗尔斯使它成了伦敦学派的一个关键概念,尽管弗尔斯试图将语言成分与马利诺夫斯基的社会语言学见解结合起来并据此建立一个语言描写的理论模式,但他没能将其理论详解。而是语言学家韩礼德完成了弗尔斯的未竟事业,使伦敦语言学派成了当今世界上最具竞争力的语言理论之一。选项d弗洛伊德是著名的心理学家,创建了精神分析(psychoanalysis)因此选a。2解析 美国语言学家布鲁姆菲尔德(bloomfield)被认为是美国结构主义语言学之父,他赞成当时在美国心理学界占主导地位的行为主义心理学的理论与原则。

32、3解析 外语教学简史可以大致划分为四个阶段:第一阶段1882-1906年的外语教学改革运动(the reform movement);第二阶段1906-1940年的现代语言教学与研究阶段(modem language teaching and research);第三阶段1940-1970年的结构主义语言教学阶段(structural language teaching);第四阶段1970-()的交际语言教学阶段(communicative language teaching)。4解析 语法翻译法课堂教学的最终目的是让学生能够阅读和翻译所学的文学作品,另一个目的是为学生提供很好的智力训练。选项

33、a是直接法的教学目标,培养学生用外语进行交际的能力,使学生能够用外语思维。选项b是口语法的教学目的,通过学习语言结构,帮助学生切实掌握四种基本语言技能(听说读写),说的能力被视为基础。选项c是听说法的最终目的,即培养学生的语言能力,使他们像本族语者一样,能够自如的运用目标语。5解析 直接法认为学生应通过归纳途径习得语法规则,最好的方法不是让学生自己去学习语法规则,而是在说和听的过程中给学生提供直接练习的机会,让学生通过模仿和重复学习语法。选项b是语法翻译法学习的途径。6解析 口语法是以语法为基础的教学法,给语言课程建立了一个选择(selection)的科学理论,并制定了一系列选择标准,语法和词

34、汇按难易程度分层次教学(gradation),新的语言点通过有意义的情景活动得到展示与练习(presentation)。因此排除c。7解析 根据结构主义语言学和行为主义心理学的理论,听说法具有如下特点:(1) 四种技能的划分(listening,speaking,reading,writing);(2) 对话(dialogues)是语言教学的主要方式;(3) 强调模仿、记忆和句型操练(mimicry,memorization,pattern drills);(4) 课堂中避免母语;(5) 使用语言实验室(language lab)。其中句型操练是听说法教学的核心。8解析 自然法是克拉申(kra

35、shen)和特雷尔(terrell)提出的一种教学法,其教学原则是:强调自然的语言交际而不是规范的语法学习,并对学习者的错误持宽容态度。1977年加利福尼亚大学的一名西班牙语教师特雷西特雷尔提出了自然法,1983年与克拉申合著了自然法:课堂中的语言习得一书,从此自然法受到人们更加广泛的好评。b威尔金斯提出了以交际为标准(communicative criteria)而设计的功能意念(functional-notional)大纲的基本要点,其著作意念大纲(notional syllabuses)对交际教学法发展有深刻影响。d海姆斯提出的交际能力(communicative competence)

36、为交际法奠定了基础。9解析 交际法的语言理论基础是功能语言学,学习基础是习惯形成理论。b转换生成语言学是认知法的语言理论基础;c英国结构主义语言学是口语法的语言理论基础,美国结构主义语言学是听说法的语言理论基础。10解析 根据中国学生的情况,二十世纪八十年代末九十年代初人民教育出版社与朗文出版公司联手编写了一套中学英语课本初中英语与高中英语。这套教材的教学目的是帮助学生获得四会能力和培养他们使用英语进行交际的能力。11解析 文化认同说产生于20世纪70年代末,是由美国的舒曼(schumann)和安德森(anderson)提出的,指的是一种文化的成员要想在另一种文化之中行动自如,他们就得改变自己

37、的态度、知识结构和行为举止。选项a的代表人物是皮亚杰,着重研究人的认知能力对语言习得的影响;选项b是新兴的外语教学法暗示法,与本题无关;选项d是由乔姆斯基提出的语言习得机制(language acquisition device),认为儿童天生脑中就有一个语言习得机制来习得语言。12解析 美国语言学家布鲁姆菲尔德被认为是美国结构主义语言学之父,他用行为主义者的术语来描述语言和语言习得。选项a乔姆斯基是转换生成语言学派的创始人。选项c应用语言学家克拉申于20世纪70年代提出自我监测模式为自然法奠定了学习理论基础。选项d帕尔默是口语法的奠基人之一。13解析 到1962年,英语成了进大学高考的必考课

38、程,英语也开始出现在小学四五年级的课程表上。14解析 交际能力(communicative competence)是海姆斯(hymes)为了把自己的交际语言观与乔姆斯基的语言能力理论相区别而创造出来的,不仅是指乔姆斯基所说的语言能力,而且也包括知道在何时何地使用这些句子,以及用于何种对象的能力。选项a是乔姆斯基的语言能力,与其语言表达能力相对应;选项c自发能力由帕尔默提出,他认为人们自然的、无意识的习得语言的自发能力与学生通过训练或“学习”得到的能力之间有着本质的区别;选项d语言习得机制是乔姆斯基提出的。15解析 语法翻译法所依托的语言理论是由历史比较语言学派生出来的,通过将目标语拉丁语和希腊

39、语和第一语言作对比,将第一语言看作是习得目标语过程中的参照系统。filling blanks:16cognitive17grammar-translation18concepts19prepackaged20language21core22theoretical23meaning24oral25communicative26oral27acquisition28target29grammar-based30input31monitor32realia33manageable34complex35mental16解析 瑞士著名心理学家皮亚杰(piaget)创立了认知发展理论(theory of

40、cognitive development)和图式理论(schema theory)。他认为,孩子在主动适应环境的同时,通过同化和适应(as-similation and accommodation)过程,把其行为组成图式结构(schemata),并使概念得到发展。17解析 语法翻译法是指以翻译和语法(translation and grammar)学习为主要教学活动的外语或第二语言教学法,由于这种教学法首先被用来进行拉丁语和希腊语等古典语言的教学,它曾一度被称为古典法(classical method)。18解析 皮亚杰认为认知结构主要有两种:图式(schema)和概念(concept)。图

41、式是指能够解释特定行为种类的多套规则;概念指的是能够描述事件特性与事件之间相互关系的种种规则。19解析 美国著名心理学家布鲁纳(brunner)在1966年强调通过从周围环境所得到的体验来主动的重建知识体系,在他看来,学习者应当自己组织知识,例如运用发现法(discovery methods),而不是学习教师预先准备好的材料(prepackaged materials)。20解析 语言研究者一直在摸索寻求外语教学的最佳途径,很多方法出现了,但似乎都不足以成为普遍公认的最好方法,于是他们开始将注意力转移到寻找最佳的办法去研究“个体差异”(individual differences),他们认为学

42、习中起决定作用的很可能是内因,内因才导致了学习结果的不同。21解析 语法翻译法强调讲授第二语言语法,语法被看作语言的核心,因此,是外语课堂教学的主要内容,学习语法的过程是训练智能(minds)的重要手段,教材内容是根据语法体系来安排的。22解析 在英语语言教学历史上,口语教学法/情景教学法首先尝试建立理论原则(theoretical principles)以发展把英语作为外语的教学法框架。这些尝试标志着应用语言学的诞生。23解析 坎德林认为交际语言学习是“一种高度社会化的活动,在活动中学习者参与协商过程之中”,这样的协商必然涉及到作出选择和决定(choices and decisions),这

43、个协商过程(process of meaning negotiation)就是语言学习的核心。这为交际法提供了学习理论基础。24解析 语法翻译法始于18世纪末到19世纪初,直接法贯穿19世纪末到20世纪初,口语法兴盛于20世纪二三十年代,兴盛于30年代到60年代,接着是听说法产生于20世纪50年代中期,认知法产生于20世纪60年代,自然法在20世纪70年代被提出,70年代后期交际法产生。其中口语法源于英国,听说法源于美国。25解析 纽南(nunan)将交际法的特点总结为五点:(1) 强调运用目标语学习交际(emphasis on learning to communicate in the t

44、arget language);(2) 在学习情境中使用真实语篇(the introduction of authentic texts into learning situations.);(3) 使学习者不仅重视语言而且重视学习过程自身(focus not only on language but also the learning process itself);(4) 利用学习者的个人经验(making use of learner s own personal experiences);(5) 将课堂学习与课外语言活动紧密结合起来(linking classroom language

45、 learning with language activation outside the classroom)。从上述五点可以看出交际法重语言实际使用,努力创造真实交流场景。26解析 帕尔默在日本从事英语语言教学研究多年,目标之一是在日本学校实行行之有效的具体形式来实施口语教学法的原则。27解析 认知法认为,语言是一个意义系统(meaningful system),强调在理解的基础上有意识的学习语言(conscious acquisition),其依据的理论基础是认知理论和转换生成语法理论。28解析 总的来说,外语教学的目标是帮助学生花尽量少的时间掌握所学语言(target languag

46、e)。所谓掌握所学语言,指的是学生能够成功的运用外语进行交际(successful communications)。29解析 口语教学法/情景教学法首先尝试建立理论原则以发展把英语作为外语的教学法框架,标志着应用语言学的诞生,在实践方面弥补了直接教学法的一些不足,然而此法不怎么关心语言的得体性,也不怎么关心真实话语中规则的使用,其主要目的在于用情景来说明每一课中孤立的语法点,因此,它基本上依然是以语法为纲(grammar-based)的方法。30解析 自然法认为语言输入是任何一种语言教学大纲中最重要的部分。当语言只有在被用来传达信息,而不是有意识的为教语言而教语言时,才最有利于学习。31解析

47、按照克拉申的观点学得和习得在第二语言运用中的具体表现方式是不一样的。自我监测假设表明学得仅具有一种功能,就是自我监测的功能,它利用清楚的语法知识来确定要表达语言的形式。32解析 交际法当前使用的教材主要有三种,他们分别是篇章型(text-based)、任务型(task-based)和实物型(realia)。33解析 教授外语的原则是尽量把语言材料划分成具有操作性的各个单位,便于进行讲解记忆。34解析 according to the oral approach, simple forms of grammar are taught before complex ones, and induct

48、ively.根据口语法的主要特征,语法项目需按照从简单到复杂的原则分级讲授,只有当学生已经在有上下文的情境中练习了语法点之后才能教语法规则,也就是说,要用归纳法来教语法。35解析 suggestopaedia believes that language learning can occur at a much faster rate than it is often expected if learners can make better use of their mental powers暗示法是洛扎诺夫提倡的,他认为,如果学习者能够充分使用自己的脑力,语言学习的速度可以比人们预期的快得多

49、,因此,为了更好的利用脑力资源,学习者应当对自己认为存在的一些心理局限进行“反暗示”。matching:361)b 2)d 3)c 4)e 5)a371)e 2)a 3)b 4)c 5)d381)c 2)d 3)a 4)e 5)b36解析 1) 语法翻译法所依托的语言理论是由历史比较语言学派生的,语言学家认为所有语言都源于一种共同语言,受制于同一种语法。2) 直接法所依据的语言理论主要来自以下观点:(1) 每一种语言都有自己独特的结构(every language has its own structure):(2) 口头语言早于书面语言(spoken language comes befor

50、e written language);(3) 口头语言是可以学习的声音体系(spoken language is a learnable system of sounds);(4) 语言和思想有着密切的联系(language and thought are closely linked)。其中观点一认为每种语言都有自己独特的结构,不能被死搬硬套进拉丁语语法中,这种观点否定了在传统教学法中翻译法的主导作用,并推动了直接法来代替翻译法作为外语教学的主要方法。3) 和传统的语言研究方法不同,结构主义语言学把语言看作一种结构体系,体系中的各种相关成分组合起来表达意义,这些成分是音素、词素、单词、结构

51、和句型。4) 认知法的语言理论基础是乔姆斯基的转换生成语法,乔姆斯基认为:操本族语言者在他头脑里某个地方有一系列的语法规则,他可以利用这些规则生成句子。利用这些语法规则为基础,我们可以选择词汇来表达我们想要表达的意义。5) 大部分交际法的人都认为,语言是用来交际(for communication)的,因而更重视意义(meaning),而不是结构(structure)。他们认为学习语言的最佳途径就是在社会环境(social context)的运用中去学习。37解析 1) 交际法的语言理论起源于功能主义学派,因此他们的理论依据是:语言即交际(language is for communicati

52、on),认为语言是用来进行社会交际的工具,而不是一个孤立的系统。他的语言理论还包括韩礼德的话语篇章分析及语用学等。2) 大部分交际法的人都认为,语言是用来交际的,因而更重视意义,而不是结构。他们认为学习语言的最佳途径就是在社会环境的运用中去学习。3) 交际法总的目标是培养学生的交际能力(communicative competence),包括四方面内容:(1) 掌握语法知识和词汇;(2) 掌握话语规则知识;(3) 知道如何运用不同的言语行为;(4) 知道如何恰当的运用语言。4) 交际法提倡听说读写四种技能的综合运用,课堂教学中有很多方法可以达到这一目的,如利用视听材料培养学生边听边看边做笔记的

53、技能(developing listening and note-taking skills using audio-video materials)、口头报告(oral presentation)、角色表演/模拟(role play and simulation)、课外研究项目(project work)。因此角色扮演是交际法教学技巧之一。5) 纽南(nunan)将交际法的特点总结为五点:(1) 强调运用目标语学习交际(emphasis on learning to communicate in the target language);(2) 在学习情境中使用真实语篇(the introd

54、uction of authentic texts into learning situations. );(3) 使学习者不仅重视语言而且重视学习过程自身(focus not only on language but also on the learning process itself);(4) 利用学习者的个人经验(making use of learners own personal experiences);(5) 将课堂学习与课外语言活动紧密结合起来(linking classroom language learning with language activation outsi

55、de the classroom)。其中运用真实的语言材料指教师经常使用从报刊杂志上摘下来的文章、还有从广播电视节目中录下来的材料。38解析 1) 口语教学法/情景教学法的教学技巧包括:(1) 用情景(situations)来介绍新句型;(2) 操作练习(drill-based practice);(3) 指导下的复述和替代练习(guided repetition and substitution activities);(4) 听说、模仿和教师规定的以口语为基础的朗读和写作(dictation, imitation and controlled oral-based reading and

56、writing tasks)。2) 对话(dialogues)和句型操练(pattern practice)是听说法课堂教学中最基本的形式。在课堂上,教师要求学生先听一段对话,然后复述和背诵。学生要模仿对话以掌握正确的语音、语调、重音和节奏。学生在操练并记住对话后,教师要向他们指出对话中具体的语法结构,然后针对这些结构进行各种形式的句型练习。3) 认知法的教学技巧包括规则学习(rule-learning)、有意义的实践(meaningful practice)、创造性活动(creativity)。4) 自然法为了让学生按照自然顺序习得语言,教师允许学生犯错误而不过分强调纠正错误,但她会鼓励使用

57、适当和最令人满意的语言规则自我监测,教师应当尽量减少学生的心理障碍,只有学生自己做决定何时开始讲目标语,教师将鼓励学生开口讲外语,为学生创造开口的机会。5) 交际法提倡听说读写四种技能的综合运用,课堂教学中有很多方法可以达到这一目的,如利用视听材料培养学生边听边看边做笔记的技能(developing listening and note-taking skills using audio-video materials)、口头报告(oral presentation)、角色表演/模拟(role play and simulation)、课外研究项目(project work)。question for brief answers:39. the direct methedologists consider foreign language learning as

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