高考英语阅读理解(社会文化)解题技巧分析及练习题(含答案)

1、（英语）高考英语阅读理解( 社会文化 ) 解题技巧分析及练习题( 含答案 )一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类1阅读理解a pg-13 rating is a stricter warning by the rating board to parents to determine whether their children under age 13 should view the film. a pg-13 film may go beyond the pg rating in theme, violence, nudity (裸露 ), language, adult activities o

2、r other elements, but does not reach the restricted r category.the theme of the film by itself will not result in a rating greater than pg-13, although activitiesshown in the film related to a mature theme may result in a restricted rating for the film. anydrug use will initially require at least a

3、pg-13 rating. more than brief nudity will require at least apg-13 rating, but such nudity in pg-13 rated film generally will not be sexually oriented. theremay be violence scene in a pg-13 movie, but generally not bothrealistic and extremeorpersistent violence.a single use of one of the rude words i

4、n a film, though only as an expletive ( 感叹语 ), initially requires at least a pg-13 rating. more than one such bad word requires an r rating, as must even one of those words used in a sexual context. the rating board nevertheless may rate such a film pg-13 if, based on a special vote by a two-thirds

5、majority, the raters feel that most american parents would believe that a pg-13 rating is appropriate because of the context or manner in which the words are used or because the use of those words in the film is easily neglected.（ 1） what is the main goal of this passage?（ 2） according to pg-13 rati

6、ng, the theme of the movie _.（ 3） from paragraph 2, we can learn that drug usage _.（ 4） what does a movie with two or more uses of bad words require?a.a pg rating. b.a pg-13 rating. c.an r rating.d.an nc-17 rating.【答案】 （ 1） d（ 2） a（ 3） c（ 4） c【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。pg-13 级是电影分级委员会对家长发出的更严格的警告，目的是决定13 岁以下

7、的孩子是否应该看这部电影。文章介绍了pg-13 电影分级。（ 1）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，本文从主题、暴力、裸体、语言、成人活动方面解释了 pg-13 的电影分级。全文目的在于解释 pg-13。故选 d。（ 2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“ the theme of the film by itself will not resultin a ratinggreater than pg-13, although activities shown in the film related to a mature theme may result ina restricted rating f

8、or the film.，电影的主题”本身不会导致评级大于pg-13，尽管在电影中出现的与成熟主题相关的活动可能会导致对电影的限制评级。此可知，电影的主题对pg-13评级影响不大。故选a。（ 3）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的rating. 任”何药物使用最初都需要至少达到要的。故选c。“ anydrug use willinitiallyrequireat least a pg-13pg-13 级别。可知，药物使用使pg-13 评级是必（ 4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“ more than one such bad word requires an r rating,as must ev

9、en one of those words used in a sexual context.，一部有两个或两”个以上脏话用法的电影需要满足r 级。故选 c。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。2阅读理解some international languages are widely used formany purposes. some minority languages will die out and some nations tend tokeep minority languag

10、es. i reckon that most common used internationallanguages ease our life quality and communication with different nationalities.on the other hand, we need to help improve minority languages.there are many languages in the entire world buttwo or three minority languages die out each year. some countri

11、es try to savedying languages. for instance, australian government created a project to savethe language and culture of maori who are australian aborigines. and there areother projects to keep minority languages such as american indian language.however, the worldwide job market usuallyrequires candi

12、dates who can speak english or other international languages.people who cannot speak lingua franca (共通语 ) could hardly be promotedat work. for example, some companies need an employee who can deal with foreigncompanies. so most people tend to learn at least one international languagethat helps them

13、to find a better job.therefore, world needs one common lingua francathat should be spoken in any country. consequently, one common language shouldbe a required subject in every school. so anyone speaking one common languagecan travel without worries to any point of the world and tradetheir products.

14、 peoplewill not be forced to learn many languages.in conclusion, we should help minority nationsto keep their languages for the cultural diversity.to ease the worldwidecommunication among nations, we should create a common language and providecourses of it. as a result, no one will face a language i

15、ssue.（1） what does the underlined word“reckon ” in paragraph 1 mean?a. deny.b. fear.c. ignore.d. think.（ 2） what can be inferred from paragraph 2?a. not all minority languages are useful.b. some minority languages have died out.c. maori is attractive to australian tourists.d. american indian languag

16、e is well preserved.（ 3） why do most people study more international languages?a. it benefits their journey.b. they can earn more money.c. it does good to find a good job.d. they are eager to get promoted.（ 4） how can we stay away from language problems?a. by learning a common language.c. by studyin

17、g more languages at college.【答案】 （1） d（ 2） b（ 3） c（ 4） ab. by wiping out minority languages.d. by communicating more with foreigners.【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一些国际语言被广泛用于许多目的，多数人学习更多的国际语言是为了找到一份好工作。作者建议通过学习一种共同的语言来解决语言问题。（1）考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的“some minority languages will die out and some nationstend to keep min

18、ority languages.一些少数”民族语言消亡，一些国家倾向于保持少数民族语言。 ”i reckon thatmost common usedinternationallanguages ease our life quality andcommunication withdifferentnationalit ies. 我”认为最常用的国际语言缓解我们的生活质量和与不同民族的沟通。由上下文联系推知划线词的意思是“想，认为 ”。故选 d。（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“there are many languages in the entire world but twoor th

19、ree minority languages die out each year.可知一些少数民”族的语言已经灭绝。故选b。（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“so most people tend to learn at least one internationallanguage that helps them to find a better job.多数人学习更”多的国际语言是为了找到一份好工作。故选 c。（ 4 ）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“toease the worldwide communicationamongnations, we should create a co

20、mmon language and provide courses of it. as a result, no one willface a language issue. 可知通”过学习一种共同的语言来解决语言问题。故选a。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。3阅读理解the nazca lines are a series of large ancient geoglyphs ( 地画 ) in the nazca desert, in southe

21、rnperu. it is ranging from geometric patterns to drawings of different animals and stylized human-like forms. the ancient lines can only be truly taken in from high in the air, leaving generations puzzled as to how these precise works could have been completed long before the documented invention of

22、 human flight.the lines were first spotted when commercial airlines began flying across the peruvian desertin the 1920,s. who built them and what was their purpose? are they roads, star pointers ， maybe even a gigantic map? if the people who lived here 2,000 years ago had only a simple technology, h

23、ow did they manage to construct such precise figures? did they have a plan? these markings are like a vast puzzle.the nazca lines are the most outstanding group of geoglyphs in the world. there are also hugegeoglyphs in egypt, malta ， united states (mississippi and california), chile ， holivia and i

24、n othercountries. but the nazca geoglyphs, because of their numbers ， characteristics, dimensions and cultural continuity as they were made and remade throughout a certain history period, form the most impressive archeological ( 考古学的 ) group.the nazca plain is unique forits abilitytopreserve the mar

25、kings upon it, due tothecombination of the climate (one of the driest on earth, with only twenty minutes of rainfall per year) and the flat, stony ground which minimizes the effect of the wind at ground level. with nodust or sand to cover the plain and little rain or wind to erode (腐蚀 ) it, lines dr

26、awn here tend tostay drawn. these factors, combined with the existence of lighter-colored subsoil beneath the desert surface, provide a vast writing pad that is suited to the artist who wants to leave his mark eternal.（ 1） what can we know about the nazca lines from the first two paragraphs?a. they

27、were built as a big map.b. they were formed by nature.c. they are ancient lines in caves.d. they are huge markings in a desert（ 2） how many factors make the nazca lines the most impressive?a. one.b. two.c. three.d. four.（ 3） why are the nazca lines well preserved?a. because of the wind at ground lev

28、el.b. because of the existence of soft soil.c. because of the climate and geography.d. because of the thick sand on the top.（4） what does the underlined word“eternal ” probably mean?a. non-stop.b. ever-lasting.c. real-life.d. high-end.【答案】 （1） d（2） d（3） c（4） b【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了出现在秘鲁南部nazca 沙漠的大型古

29、代地画the nazca lines，其神奇之处及形成原因。(1)考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“ the nazca lines are a series of large ancient geoglyphs 地(画 ) in the n azca desert, in southern peru. 及对”the nazca lines图案和发现过程的具体介绍，可知 the nazca lines是出现在秘鲁南部 nazca 沙漠的大型古代地画，故选d。(2)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“ whobuilt themand what was their purpose? are theyroa

30、ds, star pointers ， maybe even a gigantic map? if the people who lived here 2,000 years agohad only a simple technology, how did they manage to construct such precise figures? did theyhave a plan? 四”方面使人迷惑的问题，可知这四个因素使the nazca lines 更独特更使人们难忘，故选 d。(3)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“ the nazca plain is unique for it

31、s ability to preserve themarkings upon it, due to the combinationof the climate and the flat, stony ground whichminimizes the effect of the wind at ground level.可知因为这里干”燥少雨的气候和平坦多石的地形使地画能很好的被保留，故选c。(4)考查词义猜测。最后一句指这些因素，加上沙漠表面下浅色地下土壤的存在，给那些想要永久留下印记的艺术家提供了一个巨大的书写板。“eternal永”恒的，和 ever-lasting同义，故选 b。【点评

32、】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和词义猜测三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并进一步根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，选出正确答案。4阅读理解entrepreneur and ceo of tesla and space x, eldon musk may have a little more time on hishands, as hes leaving his position on the board of the open al, according to a blog post.the departure is likely the result of

33、 teslas moving into the field of artificial intelligence(ai)，which he said in 2017 would be the“ best in the world” and would even be able to“ predictdestination,” musk will continue to“ donate and advise the organization,” open ai said in apost on feb. 20, adding that“ as tesla continues to become

34、more focused on ai, this will avoid apotential future conflict for eldon.musk and y combiner ceo sam altman co-founded the nonprofit enterprise in december2015,its mission is to develop safe artificial general intelligence and ensure those developments aremade public. open ai researchers published a

35、 paper on the site arxiv, org, detailing the possiblesecure threats that come with “malicious ”ai. in fact, musk has heard the “ evilai ” alarmseveraltimes, on aug.11 ， 2017, he warned that artificial intelligence poses a bigger threat to humanity,and he told a gathering of state governors that the

36、governmentneeds to regulate al beforerobots start“ killing people.”musks departure from the open ai board could mean big things for tesla. as eton goodbye, afinancialreporter,notedon futurism,themove“ couldsignal thattesla is moredeeplycommitted to their own ai projects than we thought.” he added,“

37、those who have had their earsto any rumors ( 谣言 )that tesla is ready to deliver vehicles capable of level 5autonomy could takethis new open al development as a sign that the company is inching closer to that unapproachable goal, ” nocompany has reached that level of autonomy, which means that a driv

38、erless car could navigate any road under any conditions and that all the human “ driver ” would need to do is to input a destination.（ 1） why does eldon musk leave his position?a. to create safer ai.b. to build powerful internet.c. to develop social communication.d. to avoid a possible conflict with

39、 tesla.（ 2） what is the eldon musks attitude towards the ai?a. ambiguous.b. supportive.c. negative.d. sympathetic.（3） what does the underlined word“malicious ” in paragraph 3 mean?a. poisonous.b. unpopular.c. advanced.d. traditional.（ 4） what can we infer from eton goodbyes comments?a. level 5 auton

40、omy is impossible.b. the rumors about tesla is meaningless.c. he has no confidence in open ai.d. level 5 autonomy could set human drivers free.【答案】 （1） d（2） b（3） a（4） d【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了传奇人物埃隆马斯克和他的公司。(1)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“ entrepreneurand ceo of tesla and space x, eldon muskmay have a little more ti

41、me on his hands, as hes leaving his position on the board of the open ai,according to a blog post. 和”第二段中的 “ addingthat “ astesla continues to become morefocused on ai, this will avoid a potential future conflict for eldon.可知 eldon musk 离开他的”职位是为了避免可能和 tesla 产生冲突，故 d。(2)考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“ musk will con

42、tinue to“ donate and advise the organization”可推知 eldon musk 对于 ai 的态度是同情，故选 b。(3)考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“ in fact, musk has heard the evil ai alarm several times.可猜测出 “malicious的”意思是有害的，故选 a。(4)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“ no company has reached that level of autonomy, whichmeans that a driverless car could navigate any

43、 road under any conditions and that all the human driver would need to do is to input a destination可.推出 “ level 5 autonomy 将会”让人类司机解放，故选 d。【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。5阅读理解the rugby (英式橄榄球 ) world cup is currently being held in new zealand. the tournamen

44、t,due to finish on october 23, is living up to the famous english saying,game played gentlemen.”暴徒“) rugby is a thugs (the games are physically aggressive; the tackles ( 冲撞 ) on the pitch are brutal; but the end of each match is a civilized affair. players shake hands and applaud each other. of cour

45、se, the other side to this saying is: football is a gentlemans game played by thugs. indeed, unlike soccer players, rugby players dont often question the referees (裁判员 ) decisions or pretend to be injured when they are not.“ football could learn a lot from rugby, said brian moore, a former england r

46、ugby player the wonderful spirit of rugby is: there is a gentlemanly code to it. you play hard on the pitch, but you always respect your opponent.rugby is mainly played in europe. australia, new zealand and parts of africa. it is more enjoyable to play than soccer because you are always involved in

47、the game, said peter, a welsh rugby coach. rugby is also a far superior test of strength, stamina ( 耐力 ) and determination. most professional rugby players are large, strong and weigh over 90 kilograms. people who play the sport need to be tough and be prepared to get hurt. black eyes, broken bones,

48、 lost teeth and being knocked unconsciousall these are common injuries. former british prime minister gordon brown is blind in one eye thanks to a rugby accident at school.in england, children begin playing the game at school at the age of 8. when they enter high school, many begin to play full cont

49、act rugby. children are taught to play for around one hour a week during their pe lessons. most schools have a rugby team. children who play for the schoolteam are usually the sportiest kids, and are seen as brave and athletic.（ 1） what can be concluded from the first three paragraphs?a. football pl

50、ayers are not real gentlemen.b. there is a better spirit in playing rugby than football.c. football players are not as athletic as rugby players.d. brian moore thinks that rules should be stricter in football.（ 2） according to the passage, peter thinks _.a. rugby players pretend to be injured when t

51、hey are notb. rugby is not very popular in america and asiac. rugby makes people enjoy sports better than soccerd. rugby needs players strong will rather than strength（3） the example of gordon brown is mentioned in order to.a. prove that playing rugby can earn people fameb. explain why gordon brown

52、is blind in one eyec. support the point that rugby players often get hurtd. warn teenagers against playing rugby at school（4） what can we infer from the passage?a. teenagers will lose interest in football.c. playing rugby doesnt involve skills.b. english children have a talent for rugby.d. rugby is

53、not suitable for everyone.【答案】 （ 1） b（ 2） c（ 3） c（ 4） d【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了英式橄榄球，并且将它与足球进行了对比。英式橄榄球是暴徒们的绅士运动，玩这项运动的人身体一定要强壮才行呢。（1）归纳总结题。前三段都在介绍英式橄榄球并且将其与足球比较，人们认为橄榄球是暴徒们的绅士运动，而足球是绅士的暴徒运动。并且说足球应该学习橄榄球。故选b（ 2）细节题。第四段第二句 it is more enjoyable to play than soccer because you are alwaysinvolved in the

54、game 玩英式橄榄球比完足球更有趣，因为你总是被卷入游戏之中的。故选c（ 3）细节题。倒数第二段最后一句former british prime minister gordon brown is blind inone eye thanks to a rugby accident at school. 前英国首相戈登布朗在学校的一场橄榄球赛中瞎了一只眼睛。所以是来支持橄榄球运动会使人受伤。故选c（ 4）细节题。倒数第二段第二句people who play the sport need to be tough and be preparedto get hurt. 玩这项运动的人们要强壮并且要做好受伤的准备。从这里可以得出橄榄球这项运动不适合所有人，故选 d6阅读理解visitors must present all carried items for inspection upon entry. after inspection, all bags, backpacks, umbrella, parcels and other items as determined by security officers must be left atthe checkrooms, free of charge, close to each entrance. all