[语言类考试复习资料大全]专升本英语阅读理解分类模拟170

1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟。祝愿天下莘莘学子：学业有成，金榜题名！语言类考试复习资料大全专升本英语阅读理解分类模拟170专升本英语阅读理解分类模拟170Reading ComprehensionPassage 1 It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the bases for the decisions we make and the roots of our habits and skill

2、s are to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the present by memory. Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use. It includes not only remembering things like arithmetic or historical facts, but also involves any change in the way an animal t

3、ypically behaves. Memory is involved when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed something suspicious in the grain pile. Memory is also involved when a six-year-old child learns to swing a baseball bat. Memory exists not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and ma

4、chines. Computers, for example, contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory-storage capacity of a computer with that of a human being. The instant-access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100,000 wordsready for instant use. An average U.S. teenager

5、 probably recognizes the meaning of about 100,000 words of English. However, this is but a fraction of the total amount of information which the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of faces and places that the teenager can recognize on sight. The use of words is the basis of the a

6、dvanced problem-solving intelligence of human beings. A large part of a persons memory is in terms of words and combinations of words. 1. According to the passage, memory is considered to be _.A.the basis for decision making and problem solvingB.an ability to store experiences for future useC.an int

7、elligence typically possessed by human beingsD.the data mainly consisting of words and combinations of words答案:B解析 事实细节题 文章第二段第一句话说到“Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use. ”文中的capacity对应选项中的ability，文中的keep对应选项中的store，文中的later use对应选项中的future use。故选B。 参考译文

8、如果没有记忆很难想象我们的生活会是什么样子。成千上万日常生活中可以感知到的意义，我们所做决定的根据以及我们的习惯和技能的根源都能在我们过去的经历中找到，而这些经历都是通过记忆被带到现在的。 记忆可以被定义为一种保持信息以供以后使用的能力。它既包括“记住”诸如算术或历史事实这类事情，也包括一种动物通常行为方式的任何改变。当一只老鼠因为在谷堆上嗅到一些可疑的东西便放弃吃谷粒时，记忆便产生了。当一个6岁的孩子学会摆动一个棒球棍时，也产生了记忆。 记忆不仅存在于人类和动物身上，也存在于一些实物和机器中。例如电脑，就包含存储供以后使用的数据的设备。比较计算机和人的记忆存储能力是很有趣的。大型计算机的远程

9、记忆可以容纳100000字供即刻使用，而一个美国青少年平均可能认识约100000个英语单词的意义。然而，这只是这个青少年所存储-的信息总量的一小部分，例如，想一想，这个青少年在一见面便记起的面容和地点的数量。 文字的使用是人类高级的解决问题的智能的基础。一个人的大部分记忆都是词汇和词汇的组合。 2. The comparison made between the memory capacity of a large computer and that of human being shows that _.A.the computers memory has a little bigger c

10、apacity than a teenagersB.the computers memory capacity is much smaller than an adult human beingsC.the computers memory capacity is much smaller even than a teenagersD.both A and B答案:C解析 事实细节题 通过第三段后几句“The instant-access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100,000 wordsready for instant use.

11、An average U.S. teenager probably recognizes the meaning of about 100,000 words of English. However, this is but a fraction of the total amount of information which the teenager has stored. ”的描述可知计算机的记忆容量仅是一个普通美国青少年的一小部分。故选C。 3. The whole passage implies that _.A.only human beings have problem-solvi

12、ng intelligenceB.a persons memory is different from a computers in every respectC.animals are able to solve only very simple problemsD.animals solve problems by instincts rather than intelligence答案:C解析 推理判断题 从文中最后一段第一句“The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem-solving intelligence of hum

13、an beings. ”可推断出人类有着解决高级问题的智力。四个选项中只有C项较为符合文意和常理。 4. The phrase in terms of in the last sentence can best be replaced by _.A.in connection withB.expressed byC.consistingD.by means of答案:B解析 词语理解题 由最后一段“The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem-solving intelligence of human beings. A large

14、 part of a persons memory is in terms of words and combinations of words. ”可知B对。 5. The topic of the passage is _.A.What would life be like without memoryB.Memory is of vital importance to lifeC.How is a persons memory different from an animals or a computersD.What is contained in memory答案:B解析 主旨大意题

15、 文中开头“It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. ”即是中心，即强调了记忆的重要性，故选B。 Passage 2 Sustainable management is seen as a practical and economical way of protecting species from extinction. Instead of depending on largely ineffective laws against poaching (偷猎), it gives local peop

16、le a good economic reason to preserve plants and animals. In Zimbabwe, for instance, there is a sustainable management project to protect elephants. Foreign tourists pay large sums of money to kill these animals for sports. This money is then given to the inhabitants of the area where the hunting ta

17、kes place. In theory, locals will be encouraged to protect elephants, instead of poaching them because of the economic benefit involved. This sounds like a sensible strategy, but it remains to be seen whether it will work. With corruption in these developing countries, some observers are skeptical (

18、怀疑的) that the money will actually reach the people it is intended for. Others wonder how effective the locals will be at stopping poachers. There are also questions about whether sustainable management is practical when it comes to protecting forests. In theory, the principle should be the same as w

19、ith elephantsallow logging companies to cut down certain number of trees, but not so many as to completely destroy the forest. Sustainable management of forests requires controls on the number of trees which are cut down, as well as investment in replacing them. Because almost all tropical forests a

20、re located in countries which desperately need revenue from logging, there are few regulations and incentive to do this. One solution might be to certify wood which comes from sustainably managed forests. In theory, consumers would buy only this wood and so force logging companies to go green or go

21、out of business. Unfortunately, unrestricted logging is so much more profitable that wood prices from managed forests would cost up to five times morean increase that consumers, no matter how green, are unlikely to pay. 1. Which of the following statements is true in understanding the sustainable ma

22、nagement? _A.Sustainable management is usually used in commercial units.B.Sustainable management is more powerful than laws.C.We will probably meet many problems in the course of applying sustainable management.D.It is likely that sustainable management will replace the laws in protecting living thi

23、ngs.答案:C解析 推理判断题 由题干关键词sustainable management 定位到第二段首句“This sounds like sensible strategy, but it remains to be seen whether it will work. ”和第三段首句“There are also questions about whether sustainable management is practical when it comes to protecting forests. ”可推知，可持续管理在实施过程中可能会遇到问题。 参考译文 可持续管理被视为一种保

24、护物种免于灭绝的可行而经济的方法。它不再主要依赖对偷猎者毫无效果的法律，这给了当地人民一个很好的经济理由来保护植物和动物。例如在津巴布韦，有一个保护大象的可持续管理项目。外国游客付出大笔的金钱来杀死这些动物作为体育运动，然后这些钱被送给了捕猎地的居民。从理论上说，当地人会受到鼓励去保护大象，而不会因为经济效益去猎杀大象了。 这听起来像一个明智的策略，但是否会有用仍有待于观察。由于这些发展中国家的腐败问题，一些观察家怀疑这些钱能否真的送给应该得到的人。还有人想知道当地人在阻止偷猎方面效果如何。 当谈到保护森林时，也有人对可持续管理的实用性提出了疑问。理论上讲，原则应该与保护大象相同，即允许木材公

25、司砍伐一定量的树木，但是不能多到把森林完全破坏的数量。 对森林的可持续管理需要控制树木被砍伐的数量，以及投资替补的树苗。因为几乎所有的热带森林都位于急需树木收入的国家，对于投资种植树木，很少有法规和激励措施。 一种解决方案是确保树木是来自可持续管理的森林中。在理论上，消费者将会只购买这种木头，并迫使伐木公司环保型的伐木，不然就没有生意。然而，不幸的是，自由伐木的利润太高了，以至于来自可持续管理森林的木材成本将提高五倍多，这就导致了无论这样的木材多么的环保，消费者也不可能购买。 2. The example of Zimbabwe is mentioned in the first paragr

26、aph is to _.A.prove that sustainable management is ineffectiveB.explain what sustainable management isC.show that tourism there is flourishingD.illustrate that people there are good at making money with elephants答案:B解析 推理判断题 由题干提示定位到第一段可知，该段第一、二句话解释了可持续管理的定义，接着就以津巴布韦为例来说明可持续管理到底是什么。因此B符合题干要求。 3. The

27、 phrase go green in paragraph 5 probably means _.A.a company begins to make money instead of being in redB.making the forests always green in colourC.operating in ways which do not damage the environmentD.starting from the very beginning答案:C解析 词语理解题 由第五段第二句“In theory, consumers would buy only this w

28、ood and so force logging companies to go green or go out of business. ”可知，消费者将只购买采伐自可持续管理森林的木材，由此迫使伐木公司只有以保护森林为前提进行采伐才可以。只有C项符合文意。 4. What is the passage mainly about? _A.What does environmental protection mainly include.B.How feasible is sustainable management in environmental protection.C.What att

29、itudes do different people have towards sustainable management.D.How can people protect animals and plants.答案:B解析 主旨大意题 文章第一段首句“Sustainable management is seen as a practical and economical way of protecting species from extinction. ”就点明了话题，即可持续管理被认为是防止物种灭绝的可行而经济的方法。全文通过实例以及现有问题等进一步说明这种方法的可行性。 5. Wha

30、t attitude does the author take towards the feasibility of sustainable management? _A.Positive.B.Pessimistic.C.Negative.D.Skeptical.答案:D解析 观点态度题 纵观全文，作者在第二至五段都在探讨应用可持续管理可能会出现的问题，所以可推断作者对可持续管理的可行性持有怀疑态度。 Passage 3 America is a country on the move. In unheard-of numbers, people of all ages are exercis

31、ing their way to better health. According to the latest figures, 59 percent of American adults exercise regularlyup 12 percent from just two years ago and more than double the figure of 25 years ago. Even non-exercisers believe they would be more attractive and confident if they were more active. It

32、 is hard not to get the message. The virtues of physical fitness are shown on magazine covers, postage stamps, and television ads for everything from beauty soaps to travel books. Exercise as a part of daily life did not catch on until the late 1960s when research by military doctors began to show t

33、he health benefits of doing regular physical exercises. Growing publicity (宣传) for races held in American cities helped fuel a strong interest in the ancient sport of running. Although running has leveled off in recent years as Americans have discovered equally rewardingand sometimes saferforms of e

34、xercise, such as walking and swimming, running remains the most popular form of exercise. As the popularity of exercise continues to mount, so does scientific evidence of its health benefits. The key to fitness is exercising the major muscle groups vigorously (强有力地) enough to approximately double th

35、e heart rate and keep it doubled for 20 to 30 minutes at a time. Doing such physical exercises three times or more a week will produce considerable improvements in physical health in about three months. 1. According to the passage, what was the percentage of American adults doing regular physical ex

36、ercises two years ago? _A.About 70%.B.Almost 50%.C.Nearly 60%.D.More than 12%.答案:B解析 事实细节题 从第一段第三句“According to the latest figures, 59 percent of American adults exercise regularlyup 12 percent from just two years ago and more than double the figure of 25 years ago. ”可知根据最新的数据，定期运动的美国成年人为59%，这个数字比两年

37、前高12%，由此可知两年前定期运动的美国人大致是50%。 参考译文 美国是一个热爱运动的国家。不计其数的、各个年龄阶层的人都在为增进健康而锻炼。根据最新的数据显示，59%的美国成年人经常参加锻炼，这比两年前提高了12%，更是25年前的两倍多。即使那些不锻炼的人也相信如果他们能够更活跃一些，他们将会更具有吸引力、更加自信。 现在很难避开这样的消息。身体健康的优点显示在杂志封面上、邮票上和从香皂到旅行的书籍的一切电视广告上。直到20世纪60年代末期，当军医通过研究表明有规律的体力运动对健康有益时，运动才开始作为日常生活的一部分逐渐盛行起来。对在美国城市里举行的比赛的不断增多的宣传点燃了人们对跑步这

38、项古老运动的强烈兴趣。虽然跑步近几年来已趋平稳，由于美国人又发现了同样有益，有时甚至更安全的运动，如散步、游泳，但是跑步仍然是最流行的运动形式。 随着普及运动的不断发展，科学证据也不断表明锻炼对健康的好处。健身运动的关键是要强有力地锻炼肌肉群以让心率增加一倍，并保持20至30分钟一次。这样的体育锻炼每周做三次或三次以上，就会在大约三个月的时间里使身体的健康状况大有改观。 2. A growing interest in sports developed after _.A.research showed their health benefitsB.people got the message

39、 from magazine covers and postage stampsC.scientific evidence of health benefits was shown on TV adsD.an increasing number of races were held in American cities答案:A解析 事实细节题 由第二段第三句“Exercise as a part of daily life did not catch on until the late 1960s when research by military doctors began to show

40、the health benefits of doing regular physical exercises. ”可知A正确。 3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase leveled off (Para. 2)? _A.become very popularB.stopped being popularC.stopped increasing in popularityD.reached its lowest level in popularity答案:C解析 词语理解题 根据这句话的上下文“Although

41、 running has leveled off in recent years as Americans have discovered equally rewardingand sometimes saferforms of exercise, such as walking and swimming, running remains the most popular form of exercise. ”可知level off与下文的popular相对，而上下文有明显的转折在里面，因此选C。 4. It can be learnt from the passage that the he

42、alth benefits of exercise _.A.are yet to be provedB.are to be further studiedC.are self-evidentD.are supported by scientific evidence答案:D解析 事实细节题 文章第三段第一句说到“As the popularity of exercise continues to mount, so does scientific evidence of its health benefits. ”此题的关键是读出so does句型。 5. Which of the follo

43、wing would be the best TITLE for the passage? _A.ExerciseThe Road to HealthB.Different Forms of ExerciseC.Scientific Evidence of Health BenefitsD.RunningA Popular Form of Sport答案:A解析 主旨大意题 文章开头“In unheard-of numbers, people of all ages are exercising their way to better health. ”即是中心。 Passage 4 Look

44、ing back on my childhood, I am convinced that naturalists are born and not made. Although we were all brought up in the same way, my brothers and sisters soon abandoned their pressed flowers and insects. Unlike them, I had no ear for music and languages. I was not an early reader and I could not do

45、mental arithmetic. Before World War I we spent our summer holidays in Hungary. I have only the dim memory of the house we lived in, of my room and my toys. Nor do I recall clearly the large family of grand-parents, aunts, uncles and cousins who gathered next door. But I do have a crystal-clear memor

46、y of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds and, above all, the insects. I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world, and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations. I love discussing my favorite topics and enjoy burning the midnight oil while reading

47、about other peoples observations and discoveries. Then something happens that brings these observations together in my conscious mind. Suddenly you fancy you see the answer to the riddle, because it all seems to fit together. This has resulted in my publishing 300 papers and books, which some might

48、honor with the title of scientific research. But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist; one of the outstanding and essential qualities required is self-discipline, a quality I lack. A scientist requires not only self-discipline but h

49、ard training, determination and a goal. A scientist, up to a point, can be made. A naturalist is born. If you can combine the two, you get the best of both worlds. 1. The first paragraph tells us that the author _.A.was born to a naturalists familyB.lost his hearing when he was a childC.didnt like h

50、is brothers and sistersD.was interested in flowers and insects in his childhood答案:D解析 推理判断题 从文章第一段第二句“Although we were all brought up in the same way, my brothers and sisters soon abandoned their pressed flowers and insects. ”可推知作者的兄弟姐妹不久就放弃了这种爱好，而作者却没有。因此选D。 参考译文 回顾我的童年，我相信，自然主义者是天生的而不是后天形成的。虽然我们都在

51、相同的环境中长大，我的兄弟和姐妹很快就抛弃了他们用作标本的花和昆虫。不像他们，我没有音乐和语言方面的天赋。我不是一个很小便会读书的人，我也没有做心算的本事。 在第一次世界大战前，我们在匈牙利度暑假。我对当时住的房子、我的房间和玩具只有一个模糊的记忆。我也不能清楚地记得隔壁住的祖父母、姑姑、叔叔、伯伯及表兄弟。但我却清晰地记得那些狗、农场里的动物、当地的鸟，最重要的是那些虫子。 我是一位自然学家，而不是科学家。我对自然界有强烈的爱，我的热情把我带进了对于自然界的各种探索。我爱讨论我最喜欢的主题和享受着熬夜阅读别人的观察和发现。后来发生了一件事情，使这些观察在我头脑中清醒的集合到了一起。突然你好像看到了谜底，因为它们看来非常搭配。这也导致我出版了300篇论文和书籍，有些可