宾语及定语从句(附练习及答案)

1、初三英语语法及专项训练（宾语从句、定语从句部分）Grammar Object Clause 总结基本概念：在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。它是众多从句中的一员，宾语从句可以作及物动词 的宾语，作短语动词的宾语，介词的宾语。I think （that） you will like the students.I am in terested in what she is doing.They often worry about whether they can get the jobs.基本特点：一、选择合适的连结词。1. 词that （在口语、非正式文体中可以省略，本身没有意义）。引导陈述

2、句做宾语从句。如：I tell him that I have read the story.2. 连词if或whether （是否）；引导一般疑问句做宾语从句。Do you know if he will go to school tomorrow?3. 代词 who （作主语）、whom（作宾语）、whose （定语）、which （主语、定语）；连接副词 when, why, how, where,（均作状语）。引导特殊疑问句做宾语从句。He did nt know when he would leave for Shan ghai.*否定的用法有些表示思想和感情的动词之后的宾语从句中的

3、否定式可以注意到这些动词之前。I dont think youre right. = I think you arent right.二. 宾语从句要用陈述句语序。所谓陈述句语序就是指宾语从句中主语一定要放在谓语动词之前。(1) 主句(主语+谓语 vt ) + ( that )从句(主语+谓语); 主句+ if/whether 从句(主语+谓语); 主句+连接代词 who/whom/whose/what/which+ 陈述句语序(主语+谓语);(4 )主句+连接副词 when/where/why/how+陈述句语序。使用时就注意连词的意义，是否担任成份。例如:1) Can you hear?A

4、. what did he say B. that he said C. what he said2) Can you tell me? Whats your n ame? -Can you tell me what your n ame is?3) He did nt un dersta ndCan this mach ine work?He did nt un dersta nd if this mach ine could work.三. 宾语从句的时态呼应：1. 当主句是现在时或将来时的时候，宾语从句可以用所需要的任何时 2. 主句是过去时，宾语从句一般只能用过去时的某种形式；当从句叙

5、述的是客观事实或一般真理时，宾语从句仍然用现在时态。做宾语从句练习时，要记住“一连词，二语序，三时态” !宾语从句练习1. The girls asked if theysome food and drink with them.D. will takeD. had n ever bee nD. areA. tookB. takeC. takes2. Catheri ne said that sheto Guan gzhou.A. has n ever gone B. had n ever goneC. has n ever bee n3. The stude nts want to know

6、 whether theya dictati on today in class.A. hadB. hasC. will have4. She asked Linda if_ go and get some.A. could she5. Linda said the moonB. she could _ round the earth.C. she canD. she mayA. traveledB. has traveledC. travelsD.had traveled6. Can you tell me_you were born, Betty?A. whoB. whatC. whenD

7、. that7. I dont know _ they have passed the exam.A. whatB. ifC. whenD. where8. I hardly understand._ he has told me.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. who9. She didnt know_back soon.A. whether he would beB. if would he beC. he will be10. I dont know he still lives here after so many years.A. whetherB. whereC.

8、 whatD. when11. Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening?A. whatB. whenC. whyD. how12.He asked me _told me the accident.A. whomB. whichC. whoD. whose13.They dont know _their parents are.A. thatB. whatC. whyD. which14.Please tell me last year.B. where did your sister work D. where your sister

9、 workedB. whose pen it wasD. whose pen was itA. where does your sister work C. where your sister works15.She asked me if I knew A. whose pen is itC. whose pen it is16. You must remember A. what your mother saidC. your mother said what17. Did you know ?A. who he was looking after C. who he is looking

10、 for18. Could you tell me _?B. what did your mother say D. what has your mother saidB. who was he looking forD. who he is looking afterA. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave BeijingC. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing 19. What did Mike say? He said_A. if y

11、ou were free the next weekC. the weather is fine20. Tom asked my friend A. where was he fromB. what color was itD. summer comes after springC. when did he come back21. Let me tell you A. how much is the carB. that the earth is bigger than the moonD. not to be so angryB. how much does the car cost13C

12、. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car 22. Peter knew .A. weather he has finished reading the bookB. why the boy had so many questionsC. there were 12 mon ths in a yearD. when they will leave for Paris.Grammar 定语从句定义：修饰名词和代词的从句叫做定语从句.被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词.The book (which I am r

13、ead ing is writte n by Tomas Hardy.)先行词关系词关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词 关系代词有 that, which, who, whom, whose 等； 关系副词有 where, when, why 等。关系词的作用：1.引导定语从句。2.代替先行词。 3.在定语从句中担当一个成分。关系代词引导定语从句的用法一. 由who扌旨人,引导的定语从句,who在从句中做主语。例如: This is the man who helped me.(2) Do you know the comrade who spoke just

14、now ?二. whom 指人, 引导的定语从句 ,whom 在从句中作宾语，常可省略。(1) The doctor (whom) you are look ing for is in the room.(2) The pers on (whom) you just talked to is Mr. Li.注意：关系代词 whom在 口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。女口 :(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.三. that指人时，相当于 who或者whom指物时，相当于 which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语

15、时可省略。(1) The letter (that/which) I received was from my father.(2) The house (that/which) we live in is n ot large. =The house in which we live is not large.四. which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.五. whose通常指

16、人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语,女口：(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(指人)(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. (指物)whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3) The classroom whose door is broke n will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(4) Do you like the book who

17、se cover is yellow?=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow? that和which都可以修饰表示物的先行词，但是下列情况只能用that. 先行词为不定冠词all, few, little, much, everythi ng, nothing等。All (that) you have to do is to practice every day.There isn t much (that) I can do. 先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰时。The first less on (that) I lear

18、ned will n ever be forgotte n.This is the best film (that ) I have ever see n. 先行词被 all, any, every, few, little, no, someI have read all the books (that) you gave me. 先行词被 the only, the very, the last, the sameThe white flower is the only one that I really like.This is the very book that I want to

19、read.This is the same book that I want to read.(等不定代词修饰时。等修饰时。同一本书） 当主句以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时，定语从句that引导。t know this ?Who is the man that is sta nding there?Which of us that knows somethi ng about physics does n 先行词既有人又有物时。We talked about the pers ons and things that we could remember. time做先行词，前面如果有序数

20、词或last来修饰时，定语从句用that来引导或省略；如果没有序数词或last来修饰时，既可用when 也可用that来引导。This is the last time ( that ) I shall give you a less on.The first time ( that ) I saw him was in 1972. who, that(先行词为人)都可以修饰表示人的先行词,区别如下.1. 用 who不用 that 的情况:(1) 当先行词为 one, ones, anyone, those 时。(2)当先行词为人称代词时。Those who have any difficul

21、ty with pronunciation should practice more.He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.2. 用that 不用 who的情况:(1)当先行词既是人又是物。(2)当句子出现一个 who,为避免重复。关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。(1) He talked a lot about the things and pers ons that he had remembered there(2) Who is the man that spoke to you just now?(3) Mary

22、is no Ion ger the girl that she used to be.关系副词引导定语从句用法1. when 指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语。When= on which(1) I still remember the day when(= on which) I first came to the school.(2) The time whe n(= on which) we got together fin ally came.2. where 指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语。Where = in which(1) Shan ghai is the city where

23、I was born.(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has bee n pulled dow n. ( where=介词+ which)3. why指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语why= for which(1) Please tell me the reas on why you missed the pla ne.(2) I don t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换。(1) The reason why/ for wh

24、ich he refused the invitation is not clear,(2) Great changes have taken place in the city in which (= where) I was born.定语从句练习Fill in the bla nks1、This is the professor taught me chemistry in 1980 .2、The hospital was built five years ago has been modernized.3、This is the boyfather died three years a

25、go.4、The film we saw the day before yesterday is very interesting.5、 Do you know the studentwas praised at the meeting?6、1949 is the year the People s Republic of China was founded.7、 They work in a factory makes radio parts.8、 They work in a factoryradio parts are made.9、This is the vision phone th

26、roughwe can see and talk to our friends.10、 Here are players from Japan, some ofare our old friends.11、She lives in a small village,is only three miles from here.12、She is going to spend the summer holidays in Shanghai,she has some friends.13、we ll put off the meeting till next week,we won t be so b

27、usy.14、 The sun gives the earth light and heat,is very important to the living things.15、Those want to go to the computer room write your names here.16、 He was often late, made his teacher very angry.17、Who is the person is standing at the gate?18、He talked about the teachers and schoolshe had visit

28、ed.II、correct the mistakes in the following sentences if there are any:1、He told us about the countries where he had visited.2、Egypt is a country where is famous for its pyramids.3、China is the country where he spent the best part of his life.4、The days when we spent together cannot be easily forgot

29、ten.5、The house stands at the place that the two roads meet.6、We shall visit the college where his father teaches there.7、I know the reason that she looks so worried.8、He left me the book, that is very useful for me.9、This is the room which food is kept.10、 April 15, 1976 is the day when we ll never

30、 forget.11、The man came yesterday is our English teacher.12、This is all which I can do for you.13、The students are playing football on the playground are of Class Two .14、Can you think of anyone who s house was here?15、The watch that Mother bought it for me works very well.A. WhichB. whereC.what2.Do

31、 you know the man?A. whom I spokeB. to who spokeC.I spoke to3.This is the hotellast mon th.定语从句单项填空1.The placein terested me most was the Childre ns Palace.D. i n whichD. that I spokeA. which they stayedC. where they stayed at4.Do you know the yearB. at that they stayedD. where they stayed the Chin

32、ese Communist Party was foun ded?A. whichB. thatC. whe nD. i n which5. That is the dayIll n ever forget.A. whichB. on whichC. i n whichD. when6. The factory well visit next week is not far from here.A. whereB. to whichC. which D. in which7. Great changes have taken place since then in the factory we

33、 are working.A. whereB. thatC. which D. there8. This is one of the best filmsA. that have been shown this yearC. that has been shown this year9. Can you lend me the book the other day?A. about which you talkedC. about that you talked10. The pen he is writing is mine.B. that have shownD. that you tal

34、kedB. which you talkedD. that you talkedA. with whichB. in whichC. on whichD. by which11. They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of sat a small boy.A. whomB. whoC. whichD. that12.The engineer my father works is about 50 years old.A. to whomB. on whomC. with whichD. with whom13.It there anyone in your

35、 class family is in the country?14.Im interested in _you have said.A. all thatB. all whatC. thatD. which15.I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday.A. whichB. whoC. whatD. asA. whoB. whosC. which D. whose16.He talked a lot about things and persons they remembered in the school.A. whichB

36、. thatC. whomD.what17.The letter is from my sister,is working in Beijing.A. whichB. thatC. whomD.who18.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women.A. themB. whichC. whomD.who19.Youre the only person _Ive ever met could do it.A. who;/B./; whomC. whom;/D./; who20.Last summer we vi

37、sited the West Lake, Hangzhou is famous in the world.A. for whichB. for that C. in which D. what21.I have bought such a watch was advertised on TV.A. that B. which C. asD. itA. when; whichB. which; whenC.what; thatD. on which; when23.The way he looks at problems is wrong.A. whichB. whoseC.whatD./24.

38、This is the reasonhe didnt come to the meeting.A. in whichB. with whichC.thatD. for which25.The reason _he didnt come was he was ill.A. why; thatB.that;whyC.for that;thatD.for which;what22.I can never forget the day we worked together and the day we spent together.26.He is working hard, will make hi

39、m pass the final exam.A.that B.whichC.for whichD.who27.That is not the way I do it.A./B.whichC.for whichD.with whichB. has beenA. are being42. His parents wouldn t let him marry anyoneC. had beenD. have beenA. of whomB.whom43.She heard a terrible noise,A.itfamily was poor.C.of whoseD.whose_ brought

40、her heart into her mouth. B.which C.thisD.that28.I have two grammars, are of great use.A. all of whichB. either of which C. both of thatD. both of which29.My neighbors used to give me a hand in time of trouble, was very kind of them.A. whoB. whichC.thatD.it30.This is the magazine _ I copied the para

41、graph.A. thatB. whichC.from thatD.from which31. You can depend on whatever promise _ he makes.A. /B. whyC.whenD.whose32. Smoking, is a bad habit, is, however, popular.A. thatB.whichC. itD. though33. - Did you ask the guard happened?- Yes, he told me all he knew.A. what; thatB.what; whatC. which; whichD.that; that34. I shall never forget those years I lived on the farm with the farmers, _hasa great effect on my life.A. when; whoB.that; whichC. which; thatD.when; which35. The number of the people who cars _ increasing.A. owns;