(完整)高中状语从句讲解

1、 状语从句讲解语法专题复习（四）状语从句指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。一般可分为九大类，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。尽管种类较多，但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不难。状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词即考点。现分别列举如下:1i fell asleep when he was doing his exercises .他正作练习时我睡着了。（时间状语从句）3she always sings as she walks .4i waited until h

2、e had finished his work .从句）她总是一边走一边唱。（时间状语从句）我等到他做完活。（时间状语5it was not long before he told me about this affair .这件事。（时间状语从句）6he has worked very hard since he entered the factory作一直很努力。（时间状语从句）不久，他就告诉我自从他进厂，工1 时间状语从句常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until特殊引导词：th

3、e minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner than, hardly when, scarcely when种类从属连词例句说明whenwhen i came into the room, he was writing a when 指的是“某一具体的时间”。当我进屋时，他正在写信。we shall go therewhenever we are free.我们什么时间有空，我们就去那里。wheneverwhenwhenever 指的是“

4、在任何一个不具体的时间”。时间状语i was walking along the street when suddenly when 意为“这时”或“在someone patted me on the shoulder from 那个时候”,可以看作是并 列 句 , 这 种 用 法 的我正在街上走着，这时忽然有人从后面拍我 when 分句一般位于句的肩膀。while it was raining, they went out.天下雨的时候，他们出去了。i stayed while he was away.他不在的时候我在。while 指“在某一段时间里”，“在期间”，while引导的动作必须是

5、持续性的。1第页 共 10 页 she always sings as she walks .asas 引导持续性动作，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。从句before 译为在之前he arrived after the game started.比赛开始后，他到了。如主句动词是持续性动作，常用肯定式，表示“直到为止”untilshe didnt stop working until eleven oclock . 如主句动词是瞬间动她到 11 点钟才停止工作。 词，常用否定式，表示until he had passed out of sight, she stood “ 直 才 ”“ 在 以

6、前there. 不”,从句放在句首表示她站在那里看着，直到看不见他的身影。 强调，一般用 until时间sincegreat changes have taken place in china since 状语从句在主句之前1978.时一般用逗号与主句自从 1978 年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。 分开，如从句在主句之as soon as i arrive in shanghai, ill write to 后则不必用标点符号。you.我一到上海就给你写信。语 hardlywhe i had hardly got home when it began to rain. hardlywhen 和

7、non我刚一到家，就下雨了。=hardly had i got soonerthan 的意义相home when it began to rain. 当于 as soon as,但只表no sooner had we got to the station than the 示过去发生的事情，主从no句 soonerthan train left.我们刚到车站，火车就走了。句为过去完成时，从句为过去时，如 hardly 或hardly had we begun when we were told to no sooner 位于句首时stop.语气强，而且主句的谓语要用部分倒装。我们刚开始就被叫停

8、。在时间状语从句中，不能用将来时或过去将the moment i heard the song, i felt cheerful. 来时，而要用现在时或等我一听到这首歌，就感到很愉快。next time you come ,youll see him.下次你来的时候，就会见到他。过去时代替将来时。2 地点状语从句常用引导词：where特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywherewhere点 whereverwhere 与 wherever 意义基本相同，但后者语气较强，多用于书地where there is water there is life.2第页 共 10

9、页 状语从句哪里有水，哪里就有生命。面语。you are free to go wherever you like.你可以随意到你喜欢的任何地方去。wherever you go, you must obey the law.无论你去哪都要遵守法律。3 原因状语从句常用引导词：because, since, as, since特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that, considering that,i came back late yesterday because i was on because

10、 用来回答 why因duty.的问题，语气最强一般放在主句之后状昨天我回来晚了，因为我值班。since everyone is here, lets begin our since 表示既然或全已知meeting.的理由,稍加分析即可表明的原因,多放句首as he didnt know much english, he looked 从句常放在句首，说明up the word in the dictionary . 原因，主句说明结果，由于他英语懂得不多，他在字典中查阅这个 常用于口语中。单词。nowthat, now (that) the weather has cleared up, we

11、 can seeing (that), now thatseeing that和 since, as 意义相似，他们都有 “鉴于某个事鉴于天气已经晴朗，我们可以启程了。seeing (that) he was badly ill, we sent for the 实”的意思，that 可以省doctor. 去。鉴于他病情严重，我们派人去请医生去了。4 目的状语从句常用引导词：so that, in order that特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that,to the end that

12、thati shall write down your telephone number 目的状语从句中常用情that i may not forget. 态动词 may (might) can我要把你的电话号码记下来，以免忘记。 (could) ,should 等放在well tell you the truth so that you can judge 动词之前，从句往往放的状语for yourself.在主句之后，主从句之我把真实情况告诉你，使你能自己作出判 间不用任何标点符号断。3第页 共 10 页 从 in order they worked harder than usual i

13、n order that句 that多穿点衣服，以免患感冒。5 结果状语从句常用引导词：so that, such that,特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degreethat,we turned up the radio, so that everyone so that 前有逗号为结果heard the news. 状语从句。我们把收音机的音量放大，大家都听到了 sothat 的 so 后面跟形新闻。 容词或副词。结果 sothat he was so excited that he c

14、ouldnt say a状他十分激动，以致一句话都说不出来。suchth he gave such important reasons that he was suchthat 的 such 后面语 atexcused.他说出了这么重要的理由，得到大 跟名词，如果名词是单家的谅解。 数 就 要 用 such ait is such an interesting novel that all of us /anthat 还可以转换用从sothat，语气较强句这是一本十分有意思的书，大家都想看。6 条件状语从句常用引导词：if, unless,特殊引导词：as/so long as, only i

15、f, providing/provided that, suppose that, in case that, on condition thatdifficulties are nothing if we are not afraid unless 从句的谓语只能of them. 用 肯定 式 。 unless 和条件状如果我们不怕困难，困难就算不了什么了。ifnot 同义，unless 是we shall go there tomorrow unless it rains. 书面语，ifnot是口语，通常二者可以换用。条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态一般要用现unless除非下雨，我们明天就

16、去那里。= we shall go there tomorrow if it doesntrain.4第页 共 10 页 so/as long as you work hard, you will 在时或过去时代替一般语 as/so long succeed.将来时或过去将来时。as从句so far as据我所知，那本书下月出版。7 让步状语从句常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though特殊引导词： as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，no matter ， in spite of the fact that,

17、while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whicheverthoughalthough (though) he was over sixty, (yet) 在句子中一般用了 “虽he began to learn french. 然”就不能再用 “但是”让步状语虽然他六十多岁了，但仍开始学习法语 。（but）但可以与 yet 或we were not tired though (although) we had still 连 用 。 though /althoughalthough 意义相同，用法基本一样，前者通俗，口语化

18、，后者正式多放主句的前面。even ifill go even if (though) it rains tomorrow.even if 和 even though的意思为“即使”“纵使”有退一步设想的意味，多用于书面语中。即使明天下雨，我也要去。句让步aschild as he is , he knows a lot .as 引出的状语从句多用cold as it is, (= though it is cold,)the though 或 although 引导的从句，语气强，更有表现力，从句常放在句首，语序部分倒装。no matter do it no matter what othe

19、rs say.nowho-ever 引导的让步状no matter how busy he was, he studied 语从句意义基本一 样，english every day. no matter引导的从不管他多忙，他都每天坚持学习英语。 句可是以位于主句前或matter与状 (who,what不管别人怎么说,尽管干。语 where5第页 共 10 页 no matter who takes up the matter for me ,i 主句后。从whever whatever happens / may happen , we shall whever 从句中的动句 (whateve

20、r not lose heart. 词有时可以和 may 连whoever 无论发生什么，我们都不要失去信心。 用。判断 whever 引导whenever whoever comes, he will be welcome.的是状语从句还是名词性从句的一点是，名词性从句，主句中一定有一个成分要 在从句 担任，一般从句与主句之间没有逗号。whicheve 无论谁来，都会受到欢迎。rhowever)不 可 将 no matter 与whever 连用8 比较状语从句常用引导词：as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)特殊引导词：the more the more ; just as ， s

21、o; a is to b what /as x is to y; no more than; not a so much as basasmary is as old as my sister.连词表示同程度级的比较，肯定句用 asas 否定句可用 not asas 或not soas比较状语从句玛利和我姐姐一样大。suchas henry is not such a good worker as peter .享利这个工人不如彼得那样好。thanshe has made greater progress this year than 表示不同程度之比较，主句中用比较级的形容词或副词。她今年比

22、去年进步更大。he bought fewer books than i (did).他买的书比我买的少。the more the more you read, the better you the morethe more 意比the思为越越，通常的more语序为从句在前主句在较状the more tickets you sell, the more money 后，这两个 the 都是表you will get.示程度的副词，用在比较级的形容词或副词前你卖的票越多，你的收入也越多。the harder you work, the greater progress 面。6第页 共 10 页 语

23、从句you will make.你工作越努力，你取得的进步就越大。the sooner, the better.越快越好。句子意思明显，句子的主语和动词都可省略。the warmer, the better.越暖和越好。9 方式状语从句常用引导词：as, as if, how特殊引导词：the wayas此处 as 译为，按照或正如方式状语从句按照我教你的画一只猫。do as you are told.as if或as though的意义和用法基本一样。从句中可以用现在时表示可能符合事实，也可以用虚拟语气。按照人家告诉你做的去做。as though 看上去她好象是生病了。he acted as

24、 if (though) nothing had他的行动就好象什么也没有发生。they treat the black boy as if (though) hewere an animal.他们对待这黑孩子仿佛他是一头牲口。10 特殊的thatwe are sure (that )the four modernization that 引导的从句，往往特殊形式的状语从句跟在一个做表语的形容词后面，从句概念上看im sorry (that) i didnt have time to write 是宾语，所以有的语法you sooner. 家把它看做 是宾语 从很抱歉，我没有抽出时间早点给你写信

25、。 句，但结构上看，也可i am afraid that i cant go with you.以把它看作是一个特殊的状语从句，用来修饰表语的形容词。这种从句的连词常常被省略。恐怕我不能同你一起去了。状语从句的简化7第页 共 10 页 状语从句的省略状语从句同时具备下列两个条件:主句和从句的主语一致，或从句主语为 it；从句主要动词是 be 的某种形式。从句中的主语和 be 动词常可省略。例如：when ( the museum is ) completed , the museum will be open to the publicnext year .hell go to the sea

26、side for his holiday if (it is ) possible.另外，比较状语从句经常省略。例如：im taller than he (is tall ).the higher the temperature (is), the greater the pressure (is ).状语从句的简化现象常存在于以下五种状语从句中:由 if, unless 等引导的条件状语从句;由 although, though, even if / though 等引导的让步状语从句;由 when, while, as, before, after, until / till等引导的时间状

27、语从句;由 as, as if 等引导的方式状语从句;由 as, than 等引导的比较状语从句。下面针对这五种情形作一归纳。if (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty. 如果可能的话,他会帮你摆脱困境。you must attend the meeting unless (it is) inconvenient to you.除非情况对你来说不方便,否则你必须出席这次会议。as (he was) young, he learned how to ride a bike.他小时候就学会了骑自行车。whenever (s

28、he is) free, she often goes shopping.她有空就去逛商店。work hard when (you are) young, or youll regret.少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。while (he was) a you ng boy, he was always ready to help others. 他在孩提时代就乐于助人。although (he is) doing his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks.尽管近来他一直在学数学,但他仍然没有取得好成绩。d.连词+过去分词

29、the concert was a great success than (it was) expected. 这场音乐会出乎意料地取得了巨大成功。he stood up as if (he were) to say something.当时他站起来好像要说什he wouldnt solve the problem even if (he were) to take charge. 即使他来负责,他也解决不了这个问题。f. 连词+介词短语8第页 共 10 页 she looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble.她看上去很焦急,好像遇到了麻烦。he

30、 had mastered the english language before (he was) in the usa. 他到美国之前就懂英语了。tips:只用 as 不用 when 或 while 的情况1、用于表示同一个人的两种动作交替进行，指“一边一边”，如： the girl sings as she goes to school.2、表示两个同步发生的动作或行为如： as time went by,she became more and more beautiful.3、表示两个动作紧跟着发生，如： as he was going out,it began to rain,4、接

31、在名词后面表示某一个年龄段时。如： as a young man, he was active insports.连接词 when,while,as 的用法区别1、while 引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词必须是可持续的，而 when 引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词既可以可持续的，也可以是表短暂性动作的动词。whenwhile he was eating his breakfast,he heard the door bell rang.when i stopped my car,a man came up to me.(while 不可用)2、从句动作发生在主句动作之前时，只能用 when 引导

32、，不可用 whileas,如： when you have finished your work,you may have a rest3、表示“随着”,连词用 as,不用 whenwhile,如： as the election approached,the violenve got worse.4、如果主句表示的是短暂性的动作，从句用延续性动作的进行时态表示一段时间内正在进行的动作时，三者可互相交换使用。如： whenwhileas i was walking down the street,i came across an old friend ofmine.till,until 和 n

33、otuntil 用法1、untiltill 引导时间状语从句用于肯定句中时，主句的动词时延续性动词，表示动作或状态一直持续到 untiltill 所表示的时间，意为“某动作一直持续到某时间点才停止”，译为“直到为止”。you may stay here until the rain stops.2、用于否定句时，主句谓语动词时非延续性动词，从句为肯定，意为“直到才”，如： he wouldnt go to bed till/until he had finished the work.9第页 共 10 页 3、until 可以置于句首，till 不行。如： until you told me ,