2018年高考英语全国1卷(附答案)

1、12B-YY-0000001-1 -3 -绝密启用前2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语全国I卷:-（全卷共14页）号-（适用地区：河南、河北、山西、江西、湖北、湖南、广东、安徽、福建、山东）学- 注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2 .回答选择题时，选岀每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号，回答非选择题时，将答案写在5. What is the probable relatio nship betwee n the speakers?A. Classmates.B. Teach

2、er and stude nt. C. Doctor and patie nt.第二节 （共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。 听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题， 每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两线答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。封 3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答案卡一并交回 密第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试 卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节 （共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分

3、7.5分）班_听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选_ - 项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有 10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和 二-阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。年-_ 例：How much is the shirt?A. 19.15.答案是CoB. 9.18.C. 9.15.二-1. What will James do tomorrow?二- A. Watch a TV program.B. Give a talk.二 2. What can we say about the woma n?二A. She s generous.B. She s curi

4、ous.二3. When does the train leave?A. At 6:30.B. At 8:30.校一学 -4. How does the woman go to work?A. By car.B. On foot.C. Write a report.C. She s helpful.C. At 10:30.C. By bike.听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6. What does the woma n regret?A. Giving up her research.B. Dropp ing out of college.C. Changing her major.7. Wh

5、at is the woma n in terested in study ing now?A. Ecology.B. Educati on.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8. What is the man?A. A hotel man ager.B. A tour guide.9. What is the man doing for the woma n?A. Look ing for some local foods.B. Show ing her around the seaside.C. Offeri ng in formati on about a hotel.听第8段材料，回答第

6、10至12题。10. Where does the con versati on probably take place?A. In an office.B. At home.11. What will the speakers do tomorrow evening?A. Go to a con cert.B. Visit a friend.12. Who is Alice goi ng to call?C. Chemistry.C. A taxi driver.C. At a restaura nt.C. Work extra hours.12B-YY-0000001-5 -4 -A. M

7、ike.B. Joa n.C. Catheri ne.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13. Why does the woma n meet the man?A. To look at an apartme nt.B. To deliver some furniture.C. To have a meal together.14. What does the woman like about the carpet?A. Its color.B. Its desig n.15. What does the man say ab

8、out the kitche n?A. It s a good size. B. It s n ewly pain ted.16. What will the woman probably do next?A. Go dow ntow n.B. Talk with her friend.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17. Who is the speaker probably talk ing to?A. Movie fans.B. News reporters.18. When did the speaker take En glish classes?A. Before he le

9、ft his hometow n.B. After he came to America.C. When he was 15 years old.19. How does the speaker feel about his teacher?A. He s proud.B. He s sympathetic.20. What does the speaker mai nly talk about?A. How educati on shaped his life.B. How his Ian guage skills improved.C. How he man aged his bus in

10、 ess well.第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 40分）第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）A Wash ington, D.C. Bicycle ToursCherry Blossom Bike Tour in Wash ington, D.C.Durati on: 3 hoursThis small group bike tour is a fan tastic way to see the world-famous cherry treesC. Its quality.with beautiful flowers of Wash ington, D.C. Your gui

11、de will provide a history less on aboutthe trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before C. It s adequately equippedavailability- and the cherry blossoms- disappear!Wash ington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourC. Make payme nt.Durati on: 3 hours （4 miles）Join a guided bike

12、 tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour in cludes bike, helmet,C. College stude nts. cookies and bottled water.Capital City Bike Tour in Wash

13、i ngt on, D.C.Durati on: 3 hoursMorning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. n ewcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort.C. He s grateful.Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories aboutPreside

14、nts, Con gress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route （路线）make cycli ng betwee n the sites fun and relax ing.Washi ngton Capital Sites at Night Bicycle TourDurati on: 3 hours （7 miles）Join a small group bike tour for an evening of explorati on in the heart of Wash ington,D.

15、 C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the Nati onal Mall. Freque nt stops are made for photo tak ing as your guide offers12B-YY-0000001unique facts and history. Tour in eludes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are of ITV Save Money: Good

16、Health , which gave viewers advice on how to get value from-5 -7 -equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.21. Which tour do you n eed to book in adva nee?A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.B. Wash ington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washi ngt on, D

17、.C.D. Washi ngton Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.22. What will you do on the Cap ital City Bike Tour?A. Meet famous people.B. Go to a n ati onal park.C. Visit well-k nown museums.D. Enjoy in terest ing stories.23. Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?the vast range of h

18、ealth products on the market.With food our biggest weekly household expe nse, Susa nna and Matt spe nd time witha different family each week. In tonight s Easter special they come to the aid of a fin n eed of some delicious in spirati on on a budget. The team tran sforms the familyweeke nd of celebr

19、ati on with less expe nsive but still tasty recipes.24. What do we kn ow about Susa nna Reid?A. She enjoys embarrass ing her guests.B. She has started a new programme.C. She dislikes work ing early in the morning.D. She has had a tight budget for her family.A. City maps.B. Cameras.25. How does Matt

20、Tebbutt help Susa nna?C. Meals.D. Safety lights.A. He buys cooking materials for her.B. He prepares food for her kids.C. He assists her in cook ing matters.D. He in vites guest families for her.A. Summarize the previous paragraphs. show ing families how to prepareC. Ada some backgro und in formati o

21、n.Good Morning Britain s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cook ing up a storm in her latest role26. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?B. Provide some advice for the readers.D. In troduce a new topic for discussi on.delicious and nutritious

22、meals on a tight budget.27. What can be a suitable title for the text?B. Bala ncing Our Daily DietD. Cook ing Well for LessIn Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help. l. , l . 小A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce

23、 food waste, while prepari ng recipesc. Making you rsen a penect CheT for under 5 per family a day. And tGood Morning Britain presenter says she s beenable to put a lot of what shes learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals forsons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11.“ We love Mexican churr

24、os, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaura nt,” she expla ins.I pay 份T0rtaJplOlaittrm（akes themfor 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we renot aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. ”The e

25、ight-part series （系歹U节目）,Save Money: Good Food , follows in the footstepsLan guages have bee n coming and going for thousa nds of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hun ter-gatherers, small, tightly kn it （ 联系）groups deve

26、loped their own patter ns of speech in depe ndent of each other. Some Ian guage experts believe that 10,000 years ago, whe n the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 Ianguages betwee n them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settl ing dow n to become farmer

27、s, and 12B-YY-0000001their Ianguages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory educati on, especially globalisati on and better com mun icatio ns in the past few decades, all

28、have caused many Ianguages to disappear, and dominant Ianguages such as En glish, Spanish and Chin ese are in creas in gly tak ing over.At present, the world has about 6,800 Ianguages. The distribution of these Ianguages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few Iangu

29、ages, often spoke n by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoke n by small nu mbers. Europe has only around 200 Ian guages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone acco unts for well over 800. The median number (

30、中位数)of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world s Ianguages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 Ianguages are close to extinction ( 消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight rema ining speakers)

31、, Chiapa neco in Mexico (150), Lipa n Apache in the Un ited States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a questio n-mark): none of these seems to have much cha nee of survival.C. Huma n developme nt results in fewer Ian guages.D. Geography determ ines Ian guage evoluti on.DWe may think

32、we re a culture that gets rid of our worn tech no logy at the first sight of someth ing shiny and n ew, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (装置)well after they go out of style. That s bad news for the environment- as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer

33、 ones that do the same thin gs.To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester In stitute of Tech no logy in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life- from when its mineto when we stop using the device. Thi

34、s method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by gen erati on. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart pho nes, and LCD TVs en tered homes

35、in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.-7 -9 -28. What can we infer about la nguages in hun ter-gatherer times?A. They developed very fast.C. They had similar patterns.B. They were large in nu mber.D. They were closely conn ected.As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn t th

36、row out our old ones.liv in g-room televisi on is replaced and gets pla nted in the kids room, andday, you have a TV in every room of the house,” said one researcher. The averageof electr onic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We29. Which of the follow ing best expla insA.

37、Complex.C. Powerful.B. Adva need.D. Modern.30. How many Ian guages are spoke n by less tha n 6,000 people at prese nt?A. About 6,800.C. About 2,400.B. About 3,400.D. About 1,200.Babbitt s team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumptio

38、n and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions ( 排 放)more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.So what s the solution解决方案)? The team s data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happe n if con sumers replaced old products with new electro nics that serve more tha

39、 n one fun ctio n, such as a tablet for word process ingdominant ” underlined in paragraphed?)ing these old devices - we continue to use them. According to the analysis of31. What is the main idea of the text?A. New Ian guages will be created.B. People s lifestyles are reflected in Ianguages.and TV

40、viewi ng. They found that more on-dema nd en terta inment viewi ng on tablets in stead of TVs and desktop computers could cut en ergy con sumpti on by 44%.32. What does the author think of new devices?12B-YY-0000001A. They are environmen t-frie ndly.B. They are no better tha n the old.C. They cost m

41、ore to use at home.D. They go out of style quickly.33. Why did Babbitt s team con duct the research?A. To reduce the cost of min erals.B. To test the life cycle of a product.C. To update con sumers on new tech no logy.Medium color choices are gen erally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables

42、or bookshelves. 39. They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and theyhave a more powerful effect on the feeli ng of a space.The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether you re looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense

43、put into it are sig ni fica nt.40 .-12 -12 -D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.34. Which of the following uses the least energy?A. The box-set TV . B. The tablet. C. The LCD TV. D. The desktop computer.35. What does the text suggest people do about old electr onic devices?A. Stop

44、using them.B. Take them apart.C. Upgrade them.D. Recycle them.第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Color is fun dame ntal in home desig n- someth ing you ll always have inA grasp of how to man age color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creati ng roomsA. While all

45、 of them are usefulB. Whatever you re looking forC. If you re experimenting with a colorD. Small color choices are the ones we re most familiar withE. It s not really a goddea to use too many small color piecesF. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first timeG. Color choices

46、in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分 45分）第一节 （共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填every room.入空白处的最佳选项。you ll love to live in. Do you want a room that s full of life? Professi on al? Or are you just42 t waewtdollars?More than that, I49

47、that our credits would be hard-ear ned. In order to 50 the class, among otherlook ing for a place to relax after a long day? 36, color is the key to making a roomfeel the way you want it to feel.Over the years, there have bee n a nu mber of differe nt tech niq ues to help desig ners approach this im

48、portant point.37 , they can get a little complex. But good news isthat there re really only three kinds of decisions you need make about color in your home: the small on es, the medium on es, and the large on es.38. They re the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and basketsthat most o

49、f us use to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expe nsive tha n buying a colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the sig ni fica nt ben efit of being easily cha ngeable.During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education de

50、partment was offering a “ free ” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I 41 the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesnd always wan ted to lear n chess. And, eve n if I werek3eno ugh about free credits, n ews about our 44 was appeali ng eno ugh to me. He was an intern ati

51、onal gra ndmaster, which 45 I would be lear ning from one of the game46. I could hardly wait to _47 him.Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate retur ning to teach, and this48 was no game for him; he mea nt bus in ess. In his in troducti on, he made it41. A. put forwardB. jumped atC. tr

52、ied outD. turned dow n42. A. wasteB. earnC. saveD. pay43. A. excitedB. worriedC. movedD. tired44. A. titleB. competitorC. textbookD. in structor45. A. urgedB. dema ndedC. heldD. meant46. A. fastestB. easiestC. bestD. rarest47. A. i nterviewB. meetC. challe ngeD. beat48. A. chanceB. qualificati onC.h

53、onorD. job49. A. realB. perfectC. clearD. possible50. A. atte ndB. passC. skipD. observe51.A. addB. exposeC. applyD. compare52. A. even tuallyB. n aturallyC. directlyD. n ormally53. A. gameB. prese ntati onC. courseD. experime nt54. A. criteri onB. classroomC. departme ntD. situati on55. A. taughtB.

54、 wroteC. questi onedD. promised56. A. factB. stepC. mannerD. skill57. A. gradesB. decisi onsC. impressi onsD. comme nts58. A. an alyzeB. describeC. rebuildD. con trol59. A. announceB. sig nalC. blockD. evaluate60. A. roleB. desireC. concernD. behaviorcriteria, we had to write a paper on how we pla n

55、 to51 what we would lear n in classto our future professi ons and,52 , to our lives. I man aged to get an A in that _53and lear ned life less ons that have served me well bey ond the 54.Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, I m still putting to_usfe5what heme: “ The absolute most important 56

56、that you learn when you play chess is how to make good 57. On every si ngle move you have to 58 a situati on, process whatyour opponent （对手）is doing and 59 the best move from among all your options. These words still ring true today in my 60as a jour nalist.节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Accord ing to a review of evide nee in a medical journ al, runners live three years （long） than non-runners. You don t have to run fast or foi6tdng （see） th