生理学教学大纲---南方医科大学课程导航(20210214234811)

1、精品生理学专业英语词汇第一章绪论- 可编辑 -专业英语词汇】生理学physiology组织液interstitial fluid内环境internal environment稳态homeostasis神经调节nervous regulation反射弧reflex arc体液调节humoral regulation激素hormone旁分泌paracrine神经分泌neurosecretion,自身调节autoregulationneurocrine正反馈positive feedback负反馈negative feedback前馈feed-forward第二章细胞的基本功能专业英语词汇】单纯扩散

2、simple diffusion易化扩散facilitated diffusion失活inactivation主动转运active transport钠-钾泵sodium-potassium出胞exocytosispump化学门控通道chemically gated入胞endocytosischannel跨膜信号转导transmembrane signal transduction电压门控通道voltage-gated促离子型受体ionotrpic receptorchannel鸟苷酸结合蛋白,G-蛋白gua nine un cleotide-b inding prote in, G-prot

3、e in环一磷酸腺苷cycle adenosine monophosphate, cAMP第二信使second messenger磷脂酶 Cphospholipase C三磷酸肌醇inositoltriphosphate,二酰甘油diacylglycerol, DGIP3促代谢型受体metabotropic receptorG-蛋白耦联受体G-proteincoupled一氧化氮nitric oxide, NOreceptor兴奋excitation酪氨酸激酶受体tyrosinekinase阈强度threshold intensityreceptor静息电位resting potential兴

4、奋性excitability极化polarization刺激stimulus去极化 （除极化 ）depolarization阈值threshold超射overshoot (potential)动作电位action potential“全或无”现象“II”“ all or none ”超极化hyperpolarizationphenomenon复极化repolarization绝对不应期absolute refractory锋电位spike potentialperiod膜片钳patch clamp阈电位threshold (membrane)相对不应期relative refractorypo

5、tentialperiod电紧张性扩布electrotonic局部兴奋local excitationpropagation时间性总和temporal summation空间性总和spatial summation跳跃式传导saltatory conduction量子式释放quantal release终板电位end-plate potential乙酰胆碱acetylcholine, ACh胆碱酯酶cholinesterase兴奋-收缩耦联excitation-contraction滑行理论sliding theorycoupling等长收缩isometric contraction等张收缩i

6、sotonic contraction完全强直收缩complete tetanus单收缩single twitch后负荷afterload前负荷preload长度-张力曲线length-tension curve初长度 （肌肉）收缩能力 muscle）initial lengthcontractility (of张力-速度(关系)曲线 force velocity (relation) curve 钙调蛋白 calmodulin, CaM专业英语词汇】血浆plasma血细胞比容hematocrit粘滞性viscosity晶体渗透压crystal osmotic pressure胶体渗透压col

7、loid osmotic pressure渗透脆性osmotic fragility造血微环境hemopoietic悬浮稳定性suspension stabilityATy *第三章血液microenvironment红细胞沉降率 erythrocyte sedimentation rate, ESR 集落刺激因子 colony stimulating factor, CSF内因子intrinsic factor爆式促进因子burst promoting actvator促红细胞生成素erythropoietin, EPOBPA血小板粘附thrombocyte adhesion肝素hepari

8、n血栓烷 A2（ 血栓素 A2） thromboxaneA2, 生理性止血physiologicalTXA2hemostasis血液凝固blood coagulation血小板聚集thrombocyte凝血因子blood clotting factoraggregation外源性凝血extrinsic coagulation前列环素prostacyclin, PGI 2纤维蛋白溶解系统 fibrinolytic system血清serum内源性凝血 intrinsic coagulation 凝血酶thrombin纤溶酶原plasminogen组织因子途径抑制物tissue factor pa

9、thway inhibitor, TFPI纤溶酶（血浆素 ）plasmin血型blood group（红细胞 ）凝集agglutination凝集原agglutinogen凝集素agglutinin人白细胞抗原humanleukocyte交叉配血试验cross-match testantigen, HLA成分输血transfusionof bloodcomponents第四章血液循环专业英语词汇】心动周期cardiac cycle心房收缩期atrial systole心室舒张期ventricular diastole等容收缩期isovolumic systole快速射血期rapid eject

10、ion减慢充盈期reduced filling periodperiod心音图phonocardiogram心音cardiac sound射血分数ejection fraction心指数cardiac index每搏输出量 （搏出量 ） strokevolumeoutput心输出量 cardiac output心脏作功 （量）myocardial work心力储备cardiac reserve传导性conductivity有效不应期effective refractoryperiod代偿间歇compensatory pause起搏点pacemaker异位心律ectopic rhythm超速驱动

11、压抑overdrive suppression心电图electrocardiogram, ECG阻力血管resistant vessel容量血管capacitance vessel血流量blood flow血流速度velocity of blood flow顺应性compliance收缩压systolic pressure脉搏压 （脉压）pulse pressure中心静脉压central venous pressure微循环microcirculation直捷通路thoroughfare channel迂回通路circuitous channel重吸收reabsorption缩血管神经纤维v

12、asoconstrictorfiber心血管中枢cardiovascular center压力感受器baroreceptor心肺感受器cardiopulmonaryreceptor化学感受器chemoreceptor脑内渗透压感受器 brain osmoreceptor心室功能曲线ventricular functioncurve自动节律性 （自律性 ） autorhythmicity平台（期）plateau期前收缩premature systole起搏离子流pacemaker current窦性心律(normal) sinus rhythm抢先占领capture,preoccupation房

13、-室延搁atrioventricular delay弹性储器血管windkessel vessel毛细血管前阻力血管precapillary resistantvessel短路血管shunt vessel血压blood pressure外周阻力peripheral resistance舒张压diastolic pressure动脉脉搏arterial pulse静脉回心血量venous return毛细血管前括约肌precapillary sphincter动-静脉短路arteriovenous shunt滤过filtration有效滤过压 effctive filtration pressu

14、re,EFP舒血管神经纤维vasodilator fiber压力感受性反射baroreceptor reflex缓冲神经buffer nerve容量感受器volume receptor防御反应defence reaction肾 素 - 血 管 紧 张 素 系 统 renin-angiotensin system循环系统平均充盈压 mean circulatory filling pressure 血管紧张素转换酶 angiotensin-converting enzyme, ACE 肾上腺素epinephrine, E, or adrenalone, A去甲肾上腺素norepinephrine

15、, NE, or noradrenalone, NA血管升压素 （抗利尿激素 ） vasopressin, VP （antidiuretic hormone, ADH） 血管活性肠肽vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, VIP内皮舒张因子endothelium-derived relaxing factor, EDRF内皮缩血管因子endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor factor, EDRF激肽释放酶 -激肽系统 kallikrein-kinin system血管舒张素kalidin缓激肽bradykinin前列腺素prost

16、aglandin, PG心房钠尿肽atrial natriuretic peptide,冠脉循环coronary circulationANP血-脑屏障blood-brain barrier,组胺histamineBBB腺苷adenosine血 - 脑脊液屏障 blood-cerebrospinal fluidbarrier第五章 呼 吸专业英语名词】呼吸respiration肺通气pulmonary ventilation吸气inspiration呼气expiration腹式呼吸abdominal breathing胸式呼吸thoracic breathing平静呼吸 eupn（o）ea,o

17、r quiet用力呼吸forced breathingbreathing肺内压intrapulmonary pressure呼吸困难dysp（o）nea胸膜腔内压intrapleural pressure气胸pneumothorax肺表面活性物质pulmonary surfactant比顺应性specific compliance潮气量tidal volume, TV气道阻力airway resistance补吸气量 （吸气储备量 ） inspiratory reserve volume, IRV补呼气量 （呼气储备量 ） exspiratory reserve volume, ERV 功能残

18、气量 （功能余气量 ） functional residual capacity, FRC残气量 （余气量 ） residual volume, RV深吸气量inspiratory capacity, IC肺活量 vital capacity, VC用力肺活量forced vital capacity, FVC时间肺活量timed vital capacity肺总量total lung capacity,TLC解剖无效腔anatomical deadspace肺泡通气量alveolar ventilation气体扩散速率diffusion rate of gas氧合oxygenation氧含量

19、oxygen content氧解离曲线 oxygen dissociationcurve肺牵张反射pulmonary stretchreflex用力呼气量forced expiratoryvolumeFEV每分通气量minute ventilation volume肺泡无效腔alveolar dead space气体交换gas exchange通气/血流比值ventilation/perfusion ratio氧容量oxygen capacity氧饱和度oxygen saturation呼吸调整中枢pneumotaxic center吸气切断机制inspiratoryoff-switchmec

20、hanism第六章 消化和吸收专业英语名词】消化digestion吸收absorption基本电节律basic electrical rhythm,慢波slow waveBER肌间神经丛myenteric plexus粘膜下神经丛submucosal plexus胃泌素gastrin胃肠激素gastrointestinal hormone胰泌素secretin胆囊收缩素cholecystokinin, CCK营养作用trophic action抑胃肽gastric inhibitory蠕动peristalsispolypeptide盐酸hydrochloric acid唾液saliva胃液ga

21、stric juice胃蛋白酶原pepsinogen胃蛋白酶pepsin粘液 -碳酸氢盐屏障 mucus-bicarbonate生长抑素somatostatinbarrier蛙皮素bombesin假饲sham-feeding肠抑胃素enterogastrone胃泌素释放肽gastrin-releasing peptide,容受性舒张receptive relaxationGRP迷走-迷走反射vago-vagal reflex肠-胃反射entero-gastric reflex胰淀粉酶pancreatic amylase胃排空gastric emptying胰蛋白酶原trypsinogen胰液p

22、ancreatic juice糜蛋白酶原chymotrypsinogen胰脂肪酶lipase肠致活酶enterokinase胰蛋白酶trypsin胆盐bile salt糜蛋白酶chymotrypsin胆汁bile, or gall胆盐的肠肝循环enterohepatic circulation of bile salt排便defection分节运动segmentationcontraction第七章 能量代谢和体温专业英语词汇】能量代谢energy metabolism氧债oxygen debt食物的热价thermal equivalentof 呼吸商respiratory quotient,

23、 RQfood氧热价 (氧卡价 )thermal equivalent of oxygen (caloric value of oxygen)食物特殊动力效应specificdynamic基础代谢率basal metabolismrate,effect of foodBMR体温body temperature昼夜节律circadian rhythm生物节律biorhythm生物钟biologic clock战栗产热 shivering产热 heat production,orthermogenesisthermogenesis寒冷性肌紧张thermalmuscle散热thermolysis,

24、or bodyheattoneloss辐射散热thermal radiation传导散热thermal conduction对流散热thermal convection蒸发（散热）evaporation不感蒸发 （不显汗 ）insensible发汗perspiration, or sweatingperspiration调定点set point体温调节 regulation of body冷敏神经元cold-sensitive neurontemperature致热源pyrogen热敏神经元warm-sensitiveneuron视前区 - 下丘脑前部 preoptic-anterior hy

25、pothylamus area, POAH第八章 尿的生成和排出专业英语词汇】尿生成 urine formation 尿排出 urine excretion 球旁器 （近球小体 ） juxtaglomerular apparatu 致密斑 macula densa肾血流量renal blood flow管-球反馈tubuloglomerular肾小球滤过率glomerular filtrationrate, feedbackGFR滤过分数filtration fraction滤过平衡filtration equibibrium肾血浆流量renal plasma flow分泌secretion肾

26、糖阈renal glucose threshold尿的浓缩urine concentration尿的稀释urine dilution渗透性利尿osmotic diuresis球-管平衡glomerulotubular balance定比重吸收constantfraction 回漏back leakreabsorption水利尿water diuresis内移（内化）internalization清除率clearance醛固酮aldosterone排尿micturition菊粉（菊糖）inulin第九章 感觉器官的功能专业英语词汇】感觉器官sense organ感受器receptor适宜刺激ad

27、equate stimulus换能作用transducer function发生器电位generator potential感受器电位receptor potential编码（作用）encoding适应adaptation视觉vision简化眼reduced eye视敏度 （视力）visual acuity（眼的 ）调节accommodation (of the近点near pointeye)眼球会聚convergence of the瞳孔近反射pupillary near reflexeyeball瞳孔对光反射pupillary light reflex视杆细胞rod视杆系统rod syst

28、em晚光觉系统 nightlight perceptive视锥细胞conesystem昼光觉系统daylight perceptive system视锥系统cone system视蛋白opsin视紫红质rhodopsin传递蛋白transducin视黄醛retinene明适应light adaptation暗适应dark adaptation听觉audition视野visual field骨传导bone conduction气传导air conduction行波理论travelling wave theory螺旋器 (柯蒂器 ) Corti s organ神经营养性因子neurotrophin

29、, NT(耳蜗 )微音器电位 (cochlear) microphonic potential 前庭自主神经性反应 vestibular autonervous reaction平衡感觉quilibrium sensation眼震颤nystagmus嗅觉olfactory sensation,or 味觉gustatorysensation, orsmelltaste皮肤感觉cutaneous sensation触-压觉touchandpressure温度觉temperature sensationsensation痛觉pain第十章神经系统的功能【专业英语词汇】神经冲动nerve impuls

30、e顺向轴浆运输anterograde anxoplasmic transportexcitatory postsynaptic potential, EPSP inhibitory postsynaptic potential, IPSP逆向轴浆运输retrograde axoplasmic transport突触后抑制 postsynaptic inhibition突触前抑制presynaptic inhibition突触前易化 presynaptic facilitation传入侧支性抑制afferent collateral回返性抑制 recurrent inhibitioninhibi

31、tion强直后增强 posttetanic potentiation可塑性plasticity敏感化 sensitization习惯化habituation长时程抑制 long-term depression,长时程增强long-term potentiation, LTPLTD突触延搁synaptic delay兴奋性突触后电位抑制性突触后电位非突触性化学传递 non-synaptic chemical transmission电突触传递 electrical synaptic局部回路神经元local circuit neuron, LCNtransmission串联性突触serial sy

32、napse局部神经元回路local neuronal神经递质neurotransmittercircuit, LNC调制作用modulation交互性突触reciprocal synapse突触前受体presynaptic receptor神经调质neuromodulator异源脱敏heterologous desensitization递质共存 coexistence of胆碱能受体cholinergic receptortransmitters毒蕈碱受体muscarinic receptor同源脱敏 homologous烟碱受体nicotinic receptordesensitizati

33、on神经元 型烟碱受体 neuronal-type nicotinic胆碱能纤维cholinergic fiberreceptor毒蕈碱样作用muscarine-like多巴胺dopamine, DAaction肾上腺素能受体adrenergic receptor烟碱样作用nicotine-like action肌肉型烟碱受体 muscle-type nicotinic receptor 儿茶酚胺 catecholamine 肾上腺素能纤维 adrenergic fiber 5-羟色胺5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT or serotonin精品谷氨酸glutamicacid

34、,or-氨基丁酸-am in obutyricglutamateacid, GABA非条件反射uncon diti oned reflex条件反射con diti oned reflex辐散状联系diverge nee conn ecti on聚合状联系con verge nee connection后放（后发放）after discharge单突触反射monosyn aptic reflex多突触反射polys yn aptic reflex特异投射系统specificproject ion非特异投射系统 systemnon-specificprojecti on system感觉柱sen

35、sory colu mn网状结构上行激动系统 asce nding reticular activat ing system本体感觉peopriocepti on牵涉痛referred pai n皮层诱发电evoked cortical pote ntial脑电图electroe ncephalogram.EEG自发脑电活动spontan eous electric activity of the brain波阻断alpha block ing行为觉醒behavioral arousal脑电觉醒electroe ncephalogram慢波睡眠slow wavesleeparousalSWS快

36、波睡眠fast wave sleep, FWS异相睡眠paradoxical sleep, PS快速眼球运动rapid eyemoveme nts.上行抑制系统asce ndingin hibitoryREMsystem最后公路final com mon path牵张反射stretch reflex腱反射tendon reflex肌紧张muscle tonus肌梭muscle spi ndle梭内肌纤维in trafusal fiber随意运动volun tary moveme nt运动柱motor colu mn锥体系pyramidal system锥体外系extrapyramidal脊休克

37、spinal shocksystem屈肌反射flexor reflex姿势反射postural reflex去大脑僵直decerebrate rigidity对侧伸肌反射crossedexte nsor翻正反射righti ng reflexreflex静止性震颤static tremor状态反射attitud inal reflex意向性震颤inten ti on tremor震颤麻痹paralysis agita ns交感神经sympathetic n erve舞蹈病chorea小脑性共济失调cerebellar ataxia副交感神经parasympatheticnerve下丘脑调节肽h

38、ypothalamus regulatory peptide, HRP边缘系统limbic system本能行为instinctual behavior情绪反应emotional reaction摄食中枢feeding center饱中枢satiety center格斗 -逃避反应fight-flight reaction假怒sham rage防御反应区defense zone奖赏系统reward system趋向系统approach system惩罚系统punishment system回避系统avoidance system动机motivation强化reinforcement操作式条件反

39、射operate conditioned短时性记忆short term memoryreflex运动失语症motor aphasia长时性记忆long term memory感觉失语症sensory aphasia失写症agraphia一侧优势laterality cere失读症alexiadominance失用症apraxia裂脑split brain第十一章 内分泌 【专业英语词汇】 内分泌endocrine自分泌autocrine允许作用permissive action增量调节 （上调） up regulation 远距分泌telecrine神经激素亲和力n eurohorm oneaffinity减量调节（下调）down regulation促甲状腺激素释放激素thyrotropi n-releasi ng