考研英语全真冲刺模拟试题3

1、 打造最大的国内教育平台更多试题请访问下载Simulated National Entrance Test of English for MA/MS Candidates(2011)考生注意事项1. 考生必须严格遵守各项考场规则。2. 答题前，考生应按准考证上的有关内容填写答题卡上的“考生姓名”、“报考单位”、“考生编号”等信息。3. 答案必须按要求填涂或写在指定的答题卡上。(1) 英语知识运用、阅读理解A节、B节的答案填涂在答题卡1上。填涂部分应该按照答题卡上的要求用2B铅笔完成。如要改动，必须用橡皮擦干净。(2) 阅读理解部分C节的答案和作文必须用(

2、蓝)黑色字迹钢笔、圆珠笔或签字笔在答题卡2上作答。字迹要清楚。4. 考试结束，将答题卡1、答题卡2及试题一并装入试题袋中交回。考试时间满分180分钟100分得分Section Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)When anyone opens a current account at a bank, he is lending t

3、he bank money. He may 1 the repayment of the money at any time, either 2 cash or by drawing a check in favor of another person. 3, the banker-customer relationship is that of debtor and creditor who is 4 depending on whether the customers account is 5 credit or is overdrawn. But, in 6 to that basica

4、lly simple concept, the bank and its customer 7 a large number of obligations to one another. Many of these obligations can give 8 to problems and complications but a bank customer, unlike, say, a buyer of goods, cannot complain that the law is 9 against him.The bank must 10 its customers instructio

5、ns, and not those of anyone else. 11, for example, a customer opens an account, he instructs the bank to debit his account only in 12 of checks drawn by himself. He gives the bank 13 of his signature, and there is a very firm rule that the bank has no right or 14 to pay out a customers money 15 a ch

6、eck on which its customers signature has been 16. It makes no difference that the forgery may have been a very 17 one: the bank must recognize its customers signature. For this reason there is no 18 to the customer in the practice, 19 by banks, of printing the customers name on his checks. If this 2

7、0 forgery, it is the bank that will lose, not the customer. (254 words)1. A acquireB deposit C demandD derive2. A for B through C asD in3. A HoweverB PrimarilyC Moreover D Presumably4. A whichB whatC howD that5. A on B with C in D for6. A supportB contrastC regardD addition7. A oweB commitC attribut

8、eD embark8. A purposeB riseC priorityD thought9. A loadedB offendedC discriminatedD directed10. A conformB complyC obeyD abide11. A UnlessB AlthoughC SinceD When12. A respectB chargeC lineD place13. A specificsB signsC symbolsD specimens14. A reputationB prestigeC authorityD impact15. A byB onC with

9、D for16. A printedB confirmed C forgedD justified17. A delicateB skillfulC unusualD unique18. A riskB guaranteeC faultD benefit19. A engaged B intendedC adaptedD adopted20. A contributesB facilitatesC resultsD leadsSection Reading ComprehensionPart AWhen Dr. John W. Gofman, professor of medical phys

10、ics at the University of California and a leading nuclear critic, speaks of “ecocide” in his adversary view of nuclear technology, he means the following: A large nuclear plant like that in Kalkar,the Netherlands, would produce about 200 pounds of plutonium each year. One pound, released into the at

11、mosphere, could cause 9 billion cases of lung cancer. This waste product must be stored for 500,000 years before it is of no further danger to man. In the anticipated reactor economy, it is estimated that there will be 10,000 tons of this material in Western Europe, of which one table-spoonful of pl

12、utonium-239 represents the official maximum permissible body burden for 200,000 people. Rather than being biodegradable, plutonium destroys biological properties.In 1972 the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration ruled that the asbestos level in the work place should be lowered to 2 fibe

13、rs per cubic centimeter of air, but the effective date of the ruling has been delayed until now. The International Federation of Chemical and General Workers Unions report that the 2-fiber standard was based primarily on one study of 290 men at a British asbestos factory. But when the workers at the

14、 British factory had been reexamined by another physician, 4070 percent had Xray evidence of lung abnormalities. According to present medical information at the factory in question, out of a total of 29 deaths thus far, seven were caused by lung cancer. An average European or American worker comes i

15、nto contact with six million fibers a day. “We are now, in fact, finding cancer deaths within the family of the asbestos worker,” states Dr. Irving Selikoff, of the Mount Sinai Medical School in New York.It is now also clear that vinyl chloride, a gas from which the most widely used plastics are mad

16、e, causes a fatal cancer of the blood-vessel cells of the liver. However, the history of the research on vinyl chloride is, in some ways, more disturbing than the “Watergate cover-up.” “There has been evidence of potentially serious disease among polyvinyl chloride workers for 25 years that has been

17、 incompletely appreciated and inadequately approached by medical scientists and by regulatory authorities,” summed up Dr. Selikoff in the New Scientist. At least 17 workers have been killed by vinyl chloride because research over the past 25 years was not followed up. And for over 10 years, workers

18、have been exposed to concentrations of vinyl chloride 10 times the “safe limit” imposed by Dow Chemical Company. (422 words)Notes: plutonium 钚。asbestos 石棉。polyvinyl chloride 聚氯乙烯。21. By “ecocide” the author most probably meansA waste utilization.B ecological balance.C radioactive reaction.D massive

19、bio-destruction.22. According to the text, the author mentions plutonium in paragraph 1 toA estimate the amount of nuclear material in Europe.B exemplify one of the possible causes of lung cancer.C highlight the measures needed to prevent lung cancer.D show the destructive properties of industrial w

20、aste materials.23. The style of the second paragraph is mainlyA factual.B sarcastic.C emotional.D argumentative.24. According to paragraph 3, some workers have been killed by harmful pollutants in thatA production could not be halted.B they failed to take safety measures.C research was not pursued t

21、o a solution.D safety equipment was not adequately provided.25. It can be inferred from the text that the author believes thatA nationwide application of anti-pollution devices can finally prevent cancer.B tough legislation is needed to set lower limits of worker exposure to harmful chemicals.C more

22、 research is required into the causes of cancer before further progress can be made.D industrialization must be slowed down to prevent further spread of cancercausing agents.Text2The topic of cloning has been a politically and ethically controversial one since its very beginning. While the moral and

23、 philosophical aspects of the issues are entirely up to the interpretation of the individual, the application of cloning technology can be studied objectively. Many in the scientific community advocate the use of cloning for the preservation and support of endangered species of animals, which aside

24、from cloning, have no other practical hope for avoiding extinction.The goal of the use of cloning to avoid extinction is the reintroduction of new genes into the gene pool of species with few survivors, ensuring the maintenance and expansion of genetic diversity. Likely candidates for this technique

25、 are species known to have very few surviving members, such as the African Bongo Antelope, the Sumatran Tiger, and the Chinese Giant Panda. In the case of Giant Panda, some artificial techniques for creating offspring have already been performed, perhaps paving the way for cloning as the next step i

26、n the process.With the estimated population of only about 1000 Giant Pandas left in the world, the urgency of the situation has led to desperate measures. One panda was born through the technique of artificial insemination in the San Diego Zoo in the United States. “Hua Mei” was born in 1999 after h

27、er parents, Hsing-Hsing and Ling-Ling, had trouble conceiving naturally.The plan to increase the Giant Panda population through the use of cloning involves the use of a species related to the Giant Panda, the American Black Bear. Egg cells will be removed from female black bears and then fertilized

28、with Panda cells such as those from Ling-Ling or Hsing-Hsing. The fertilized embryo will then re-implanted into the black bear, where it will grow and mature, until a new panda is delivered from the black bear host.Critics of cloning technology argue that the emphasis on cloning as a method by which

29、 to preserve species will draw funding away from other methods, such as habitat preservation and conservation. Proponents of cloning counter that many countries in which many endangered species exist are too poor to protect and maintain the species habitats anyway, making cloning technology the only

30、 practical way to ensure that those species survive to future generations. The issue is still hotly debated, as both sides weigh the benefits that could be achieved against the risks and ethical concerns that constantly accompany any argument on the issue. (402 words)Notes: ethically 道德上。gene pool基因

31、库。insemination n. 受精。fertilize 使受精。embryo 胚胎。proponent 支持者，拥护者。weigh A against B 权衡A和B的利弊。26. The author raises the issue of ethical consideration in cloning in paragraph 1 in order toA identify the issues that will not be addressed in the text.B reveal an area of interest that will be explored late

32、r in the text.C identify one of the main issues affecting the cloning controversy today.D draw the readers attention to a sensitive issue that bears consideration in the topic of cloning.27. The author directs attention to “Hua Mei”, the baby panda born in the San Diego Zoo, in order toA show that c

33、loning as an artificial birth technique has succeeded.B argue that pandas are a particularly likely candidate for cloning.C show that artificial birth techniques other than cloning have succeeded.D demonstrate the necessity of cloning and other artificial birth techniques to the survival of certain

34、species.28. Paragraph 4 is written in order toA detail the process by which cloning in the panda population has been executed in the past.B guide the reader to consider the possibility of cloning in restoring the pandapopulation.C demonstrate that the use of cloning to repopulate the panda species i

35、s a feasible goal.D inform the reader of how cloning would be carried out in the panda population.29. The main purpose of the last paragraph is toA argue in favor of one side on a particularly controversial topic of cloning.B display both sides arguments on another contentious issue in cloning.C red

36、irect the readers attention to the previously raised issue of ethics in cloning.D provide further relevant information to the evaluation of cloning as a preservation technique.30. It can be inferred from the information given in the text that the best candidate for cloning would beA Giant Pandas.B a

37、n endangered species with many living related species.C the species in which previous techniques of artificial reproduction have beensuccessfully applied.D those for which cloning is the only feasible method by which to reproduce the species.Text3Pronouncing a language is a skill. Every normal perso

38、n is an expert in the skill of pronouncing his own language, but few people are even moderately proficient at pronouncing foreign languages. Now there are many reasons for this, some obvious, some perhaps not so obvious. But I suggest that the fundamental reason why people in general do not speak fo

39、reign languages very much better than they do is that they fail to grasp the true nature of the problem of learning to pronounce, and consequently never set about tackling it in the right way. Far too many people fail to realize that pronouncing a foreign language is a skill, one that needs careful

40、training of a special kind, and one that cannot be acquired by just leaving it to take care of itself. I think even teachers of language, while recognizing the importance of a good accent, tend to neglect, in their practical teaching, the branch of study concerned with speaking the language.So the f

41、irst point I want to make is that English pronunciation must be taught; the teacher should be prepared to devote some of the lesson time to this, and by his whole attitude to the subject should get the student to feel that here is a matter worthy of receiving his close attention. So there should be

42、occasions when other aspects of English, such as grammar or spelling, are allowed for the moment to take second place.Apart from this question of the time given to pronunciation, there are two other requirements for the teacher: the first, knowledge; the second, technique.It is important that the te

43、acher should be in possession of the necessary information. This can generally be obtained from books. It is possible to get from books some idea of the mechanics of speech, and of what we call general phonetic theory. It is also possible in this way to get a clear mental picture of the relationship

44、 between the sounds of different languages, between the speech habits of English people and those, say, of your students. Unless the teacher has such a picture, any comments he may make on his students pronunciation are unlikely to be of much use, and lesson time spent on pronunciation may well be t

45、ime-wasted.But it does not follow that you can teach pronunciation successfully as soon as you have read the necessary books. It depends, after that, on what use you make of your knowledge, and this is a matter of technique.Now the first and most important part of a language teachers technique is hi

46、s own performance, his ability to demonstrate the spoken language, in every detail of articulation as well as in fluent speaking, so that the students latent capacity for imitation is given the fullest scope and encouragement. The teacher, then, should be as perfect a model in this respect as he can

47、 make himself. And to supplement his own performance, however satisfactory this may be, the modern teacher has at his disposal recordings, radio, television and video, to supply the authentic voices of native speakers, or, if the teacher happens to be a native speaker himself or speaks just like one

48、, then to vary the method of presenting the language material. (537 words)Notes: set about着手，试图。articulation发音。latent潜在的，不明显的。at ones disposal供某人任意支配使用。31. What does the writer actually say about pronouncing foreign languages?A Only a few people are really proficient.B No one is really an expert in

49、the skill.C There arent many people who are even fairly good.D There are even some people who are moderately proficient.32. The writer argues that going about the problem of pronunciation in the wrong way isA an obvious cause of not grasping the problem correctly.B a fundamental consequence of not s

50、peaking well.C a consequence of not grasping the problem correctly.D not an obvious cause of speaking poorly.33. What is it that teachers are said to be inclined to forget?A The practical teaching of languages.B The importance of a good accent.C The principle of phonetic theory.D The teaching of pro

51、nunciation in the classroom.34. The value the student puts on correct speech habits depends uponA how closely he attends to the matter.B whether it is English that is being taught.C his teachers approach to pronunciation.D the importance normally given to grammar and spelling.35. According to the te

52、xt, in relation to someone teaching his own language to foreigners, audio-visual aids canA completely replace his own teaching performance.B provide alternative samples of native speech.C help to improve teaching quality to a great extent.D provide a perfect model for language students to follow.Tex

53、t4The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihood of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-d

54、ay tactical activities, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed “intuition” to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise; and to integrate action into the process of thinking.Generations of writers on manag

55、ement have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as an excuse of capriciousness.Isenbergs recent research on the cognitive processes o

56、f senior managers reveals that managers intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is no

57、t arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and personal experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an “Aha!” experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. M