视译复习期末考试题

1、cPassage 1（视译）美国人强调效率、竞争和独创性，而中国人则将严谨规划放在首位，鼓励团队成员之间的密切合作和无私奉献。/在美国学校，讨论享有至高无上的地位，讨论是课堂教学的主旋律；而中国教师喜欢讲课，喜欢考试，编写千篇一律的标准教案，培养整齐划一的高材生。/美国人的政治观，经济观以及社会观的核心是个人道德自治观。中国传统的思想体系是以儒家学说为基础的，这种思想强调整体和谐。/现在，中美联系比以往更加紧密，中国人学英语，玩保龄球，吃肯德基，美国人学汉语，练功夫，吃北京烤鸭，泰坦尼克驶进中国，牡丹亭也在百老汇上演。/American people emphasize efficiency,

2、 competition and originality while Chinese people give priority to careful planning and encourage close cooperation and altruistic dedication among team members./In American schools, discussion is given top priority while Chinese teachers like to lecture in class, and a lot of them are obsessed with

3、 examinations. They write consistent and standardized teaching plans, and are happy with bringing up identical and standardized talents./Central to American political, economic and social thought is the concept of individual moral autonomy. Traditional Chinese philosophical / ideological systems are

4、 based on Confucianism, which sings high praises for communal harmony./Nowadays, the relation of China and America become closer than ever. Chinese learn English, play bowling, enjoy K FC, while Americans learn Chinese, exercise Kung Fu, like Peking Duck. And Titanic sailed into China, while The Peo

5、ny Pavilion has been performed on Broadway./Passage 2我们社会主义市场经济体制的建立和发展，要求我们改革和完善社会福利保障体制，从而对社会服务提出了更高的要求。/随着政府职能的转变，原来由政府包揽的许多社会服务工作，有相当一部分将逐步转移到社会团体和民间组织。/一方面，政府的宏观管理责任将会变得更加重大。另一方面，社会团体和民间组织有必要参与更多的社区服务工作。/这样就提出一个课题：政府和社会团体如何密切合作，如何分工协作，更好地推进社区服务事业。/The establishment and development of chinas soc

6、ialist market economy requires the reform and improvement in our soial welfare and security system, which in turn places higher expectations on the work of community service./With the transformation of governmental functions, much of the work involving social services that was initially undertaken b

7、y the government will have to be transferred gradually to social groups and non-governmental organizations./On the one hand, the government will shoulder great responsibilities in its macro-management; and on the other hand, social groups and non-governmental organizations will need to involve thems

8、elves more in community service./Consequently, there has emerged an issue which concerns the way of a close collaboration and the division of responsibilities between the government and social groups, in order to further the development of community service.Passage 3香港中文大学，简称“中大”，成立于1963 年。中大是一所研究型综

9、合大学，以“结合传统 与现代，融汇中国与西方”为创校使命。/40 多年来，中大一直致力于弘扬中华传统文化，坚持双语教育，并推行独特的书院制度，在香港教育界卓然而立。中大校园占地134 公顷，是世界上最美丽的校园之一。/中大的师生来自世界各地。有教职员工5200 多人、近万名本科生、约2000 多名研究生，其 中约2500 多人来自45 个不同的国家和地区。/中大实行灵活的学分制，不仅有助于培养有专有博的人才，而且还赋予学生更大的学习自主权。中大的多元教育有助于充分发挥每一个学生的潜能。/The Chinese University of Hong Kong, CUHK for short, w

10、as founded in 1963. It is a researchoriented comprehensive university with a mission to combine tradition with modernity and bring together China and the West./For more than 40 years, we have been distinguished from other local universities by virtue of our rich Chinese cultural heritage, bilingual

11、education, and our unique college system. CUHKs 134- hectare campus is one of the most beautiful campuses in the world./CUHK s faculty and students come from all corners of the world. It has more than 5200 staff members, approximately 10,000 undergraduates, and 2000 postgraduate students. Of these s

12、tudents, some 2,500 are from 45 countries and regions outside Hong Kong./The flexible credit unit system allows a balance between depth with breadth, and a high degree of free choice of students in designing their own learning. The multi-faceted education at CUHK helps to bring out the best in every

13、 student./Passage 4改革开放30 年来，随着中国逐渐崛起成为政治经济强国，海外人士学习汉语的现象与日俱增，海外孔子学院也成了人们学习中国语言和中国文化的首选之地。/通过学习汉语，他们对这个和自己文化大相径庭的古老文明产生了浓厚的兴趣，而且有机会了解中国的哲学、艺术、医学、饮食文化，亲身体验这个文明古国的风采。/作为第二文化，中国文化也丰富了他们的生活和世界观。可以说，这个潮流方兴未艾。越来越多的学习汉语的美国人除了对中国菜肴赞不绝口之外，也在尝试针灸，草药和武术。/他们也看功夫电影，学习东方时装潮流和手工艺，不知不觉的 unconsciously在日常生活中谈及中国的点心，人

14、参、银杏，乌龙茶等。目前在美国最热门的中国文化是道家学说和有着神秘色彩的风水学。As china is rising as a political and economic world power, thanks to its three-decade reform and opening up, more and more people in overseas countries start to learn Chinese and turn to a Confucius Institute in their own countries as their first choice learn

15、ing Chinese language and Chinese culture./During the learning process, the learners concurrently develop their interest in this ancient land, whose civilization is so vastly different from theirs. And the learners have opportunities to learn about Chinese philosophy, art, architecture, medicine and

16、catering culture and experience firsthand the splendors of this venerable civilization./As the second culture, Chinese culture has enriched the life and world outlook of the learners. This trend, so to speak, is gathering momentum and is there to stay. Apart from their love for Chinese cuisine, more

17、 and more American learners of Chinese language are turning to Chinese acupuncture,herbal medicines, martial arts./ They are also interested in kongfu films, fashions and crafts. Seemingly outlandish words such as dimsum, ginseng, gingko, oolong cha have crept into their everyday language. The lates

18、t Chinese cultural icons to make its impact there are Taoism, and ancient school of thought, and fengshui, an ancient art of placement./Passage 5过去10 年，海平面升高和森林看法的速度都是前所未有的；生态恶化、物种灭绝、臭氧层被破坏、温室效应、酸雨等一系列环境问题已经严重影响到人类的生存环境。/环境恶化造成的问题之一就是缺水。目前全世界40%以上的人口，即20 多亿人，面临缺水问题。据预测，未来25 年全球人口将有60 亿增长到80 亿，环境保护面临

19、更大的压力。/中国作为一个发展中国家，面临着发展经济和保护环境的双重任务。从国情出发，中国在全面推进现代化的过程中，将环境保护视为一项基本国策。/众所周知，对生态环境和生物多样性的保护是环保工作的重点。我国野生动植物物种丰富，仅脊椎动物就有6000 多种左右，高等植物3 万多种。/Sea level rose and forest were destroyed at an unprecedented rate during the last decade. A series of environmental problems such as the deterioration of ecosy

20、stem, the extinction of bio-species, damage to the ozone layer, the green-house effect, acid rain, have posed a serious threat to human living conditions./Environmental crisis leads to one of the serious problems, namely, water shortage. Presently, more than 40% of the worlds population, more than 2

21、 billion people, now face water shortage. It is predicted that with the global population expected to increase from six billion to eight billion over the next 25 years, more pressure on environmental protection stress is expected./ As a developing country, china is confronted with the dual task of d

22、eveloping the economy and protecting the environment. Proceeding from its national conditions, china has, in the process of promoting its overall modernization program, made environmental protection one of its basic statepolicies./ It is known to all that protection of the ecological environment and

23、 biodiversity is the focal point of environmental protection work. China is rich in wildlife species. There are about 6,000 vertebrates alone and 30,000 species of higher plants./Passage 6国际贸易的基本原则是平等互利，各国追求各自的利益是正常的，出现一些摩擦和纠纷也是不可避免的。关键要以冷静而明智的态度正确对待和处理摩擦和纠纷。/就中美贸易而言，互利共赢的经贸关系给两国人民带来了实实在在的经济利益。今天，美国

24、在华投资设立的企业已超过4 万家，投资额达450 亿美元。/美国500 强企业有400 多家进入中国，大多数企业获利丰厚。与此同时，在美国市场上，许多中国商品受到美国消费者的青睐。中国在美国投资设立的企业已超过1000 家。/我们可以预见，中美贸易摩擦将随着经贸关系的深化而凸显，但是中美经贸合作的总体发展是不可逆转的。主要有两个原因，其一：中美贸易具有很大互补性。其二：中国产品具有明显的劳动力成本优势。/Equality and mutual benefit is the fundamental principle of international trade. Therefore, it i

25、s normal that countries will seek to protect their own interests, which may lead to trade frictions and disputes. The key lies in how to cope with these issues correctly in a cool and wise manner./As for China-US trade, mutually beneficial and win-win trade and economic ties have delivered tangible

26、economic benefits to the two peoples. Now, with over 40,000 U.S.- invested enterprises, the total investment in china stands at $45 billion./Of the top 500 U.S companies, more than 400 have their business in china, and most of them are making handsome profit. At the same time, many Chinese commoditi

27、es have become favored choices of American consumers. Meanwhile, the number of Chinese-invested enterprises in the United Sates has surpassed 1,000./We predict that trade disputes between china and the United States will become more acute along with the further development in bilateral trade and eco

28、nomic cooperation. The overall development in bilateral trade and economic cooperation is, however, irreversible. There are two factors contribute to this trend. Firstly, the Sino-U.S. economic and trade relations enjoy complementarities in vast fields. Secondly, china has an outstanding labor cost

29、advantage./英译汉：Passage 1(视译)I think Chinese businesspeople tend to have business negotiations in a rather indirect manner, as opposed to the more direct style of American businesspeople, who are said to work with the “getdown- to-business-first” mentality./The Chinese-type management encourages coop

30、eration among employees, between the labor and the management, and gives employees a joy of participation and fulfillment, as well as a sense of pride in their work./And most Chinese try to find the meaning of life through working in their jobs, and view work as essential for having membership in a

31、community./The American-type, or the top-down, management emphasizes efficiency, and competition among workers. The American work ethic seems to be more individual oriented. Traditionally, Americans work because it is the will of God, and often value the results and accomplishments of work more than

32、 its process./我认为中国人在商务谈判时倾向于使用一种迂回婉转的方式，而那些被认为在工作时具有一种“公务为先”的心态的美国人则往往表现出较为直截了当的作风。/中国式的管理方式鼓励员工之间的合作，也鼓励普通员工和管理人员之间的合作，使员工有一种喜悦的参与感和成就感，使他们对自己的工作产生一种自豪感。/大多数中国人想从工作中找到生活的意义，他们将工作视为成为团体中一份子的必不可缺的条件。/美国式的自下而上的管理方式注重效率，注重员工之间的竞争。美国人的工作观有较强的个体取向性。美国人一直认为，工作是秉承了上帝的意志，我们对工作成果的重视常常高于对工作过程的重视。/Passage 2In

33、 the short period of six days, we have gone a longer distance than the world-renowned “Long March”. We have acquired a keen sense of the diversity, dynamism, and progress of china under your policies of reform and opening to the outside world./My wife and I have a special regard and personal friends

34、hip for the people of china. Beijing is for us an old and nostalgic home. During our stay here ten years ago we spent a great deal of memorable time with the people here-working, shopping, sightseeing, and touring the city on our bicycles./Those were happy days. They were good days, important days.

35、We were part of the dramatic process which brought us back together and set us on the road to a genuine friendly and cooperative relationship./Nonetheless, problems remain in our economic, education and strategic relations. While we are not so nave as to believe that there are no issues of differenc

36、e between us, I also believe that our differences are greatly overshadowed by issues which bind us and strengthen our relationship./在短暂的六天里，我们的行程超过了举世闻名的“长征”。在改革开放政策引导下的中国，气象万千，充满活力，不断进步，这些我们都已强烈的感受到了。/我和我夫人对中国人民怀有一种特殊的敬慕之情和个人友谊。对我们两人来说，北京是我们思念的故乡。十年前我们在此生活期间，我们与这里的人们一起度过了许多难忘的时光我们在这里工作、购物、观光、骑自行车逛城

37、。/那是一些另人愉快的日子，一些美好的日子，一些意义重大的日子。我们参与了富有戏剧性的转变过程，这种转变使我们重新走到一起，使我们踏上了一条通往建立一种真诚友好的合作关系的道路。/然而，我们在经济、教育以及战略关系中仍然存在着问题。一方面，我们不会天真的以为我们之间不存在分歧，另一方面，我也认为那些将我们联系在一起并且强化我们关系的事务，在很大程度上弱化了我们之间的差异。/Passage 3Innovation starts at the top, and it is important for leaders to create an environment whereinnovation

38、is constant, where people have the skills and incentives to think creatively. In doing so, you attract talents that want to contribute to that environment, creating a virtuous cycle for the company./Shanghais leadership has worked hard to create an environment where businesses can succeed. For examp

39、le, shanghais transportation links to the world, including Pudong International Airport and the new deep water port facility, have achieved world-class status/We live in an era where innovation is central to economic growth and prosperity. It is comfortable to hold onto the old ways of doing busines

40、s. But innovation is hard because it usually leads to change. Innovation requires new ideas, new processes, and new institutions./New technologies and approaches can radically change an existing market, creating new customers and competitions. But innovation and its accompanying disruption can be ma

41、naged through goodleadership, a long term strategy, and good people. President Hu Jintao stated at the beginning of this year that “ Innovation is the core of the nations competitiveness./创新从领导层开始做起。领导层必须营造一个可以不断创新的环境，以激励人们的创新思维。这样的环境可以吸引那些乐于创新的人才，从而使公司得到良性发展。/上海的领导努力为企业营造可取得成功的环境。例如，浦东国际机场和新的深水港等设施

42、的建立，使上海与世界的交通连接达到了世界级的水平。/我们生活在一个以创新驱动经济发展和繁荣的时代。墨守成规确实舒服惬意，而改革创新则困难重重，因为创新往往引发变革。创新需要新思想，新程序和新机制。/新技术和新方法会剧烈的改变现行的市场秩序，既带来新的公司客户，也带来新的竞争对手，但是，如果我们有英明的领导，长期的战略以及优秀的人才，创新活动及其所伴随的冲击是可控的。胡锦涛主席在年初时曾说过：“创新是国家的核心竞争力。”/Passage 4What will the role of universities be in this globalized economy? How will they

43、 contribute toimproving society through innovation that will improve the quality of life and support economic growth? How will they prepare their graduates who will extract the best and explore the greatest in this increasingly complex society?/It is important to remember that undergraduate educatio

44、n and post-graduate education are tightly linked to research. Our education programs should ensure that the students are learning in an atmosphere characterized by the pursuit of new knowledge and process of discovery. An interrelated educational program will create a flow of young, bright and uninh

45、ibited minds to work on the frontier of discovery./The fundamental mission of a university is the creation of new knowledge which sometimes has immediate practical applications. But that can never be the only goal. And making it a primary goal will frequently be short-sighted. Basic contributions to

46、 knowledge should be valued for being exactly that. Our university has an almost unique role in fostering such contribution./Choosing the right people is the first and perhaps the most crucial step in ensuring an innovative environment. There are three types of people that can be important. The firs

47、t class of individuals consists of fanciful visionaries. The second class of important people in innovative environment consists of revolutionary explorers. The third class of individuals consists of uninhibited executors./在这个经济全球化的时代背景下，大学将扮演怎样的角色呢？大学将如何通过旨在提高生活质量、推动经济发展的创新活动进而推动社会的进步呢？在这个日新月异、充满变数

48、的社会，大学又将如何培养那些善于取精用弘的学生呢？/我们应该认识到，本科生教育和研究生教育都与研究紧密相连。我们的教育应该为学生创造一种可以探寻新知识、带来新发现的氛围，将教学与研究融合在一起的教育可以培养一批活跃在探索前沿、聪颖开放的青年才俊。/大学最根本的使命就是创造新知识，虽然大学所创造的新知识有时会立即产生实际应用价值，但这决不是大学所追求的唯一目标。将获取实际应用价值的目标定位大学的主要目标是一种短视行为。基础研究也同样是大学的使命，而且大学在推动基础研究方面能发挥独特的作用。/选对人是确保创新型研究环境的首要因素，也是最为关键的因素。选人要选三种人：第一种人是浮想联翩的思想家，第二

49、种人是富有革命精神的探索家，第三种人是不受常规约束的实干家。/Passage 5For a woman, conventional beauty is her only attribute. She is supposed to have no lines or wrinkles, no scars or blemishes. She is thin, generally tall and long legged, and above all young. All beautiful women in television commercials conform to this norm. t

50、he image is artificial and can only be achieved artificially./Many women go to great lengths to manipulate and change their faces and bodies. More than a million dollars is spent every hour on cosmetics in this country. A woman is conditioned to view her face as a mask and her body as an object, as

51、things separate from and more important than her real self./Adolescent females are also discouraged from growing up and becoming adult. Growing older is the great taboo. Although boys are allowed and encouraged to become mature adults, girls are encouraged to remain little girls, to be passive and d

52、ependent, never to mature. Someone placed in a double bind, they are supposed to be sexy and virginal, experienced and nave, seductive and pure./Misleading advertisements and commercials depict a world in which love and passion are reversed solely for products, in which sexuality becomes a commodity

53、, and in which young women are the worst victims./对一个女子来说，标准美是她的唯一标志。她的皮肤应该天生丽质，没有皱纹，没有疤痕，没有瑕疵。她的身材应该清瘦苗条，通常是个高挑个，双腿修长，而青春年少则是首要条件。所有在电视广告中出现的“花容月貌”的靓女都符合这个标准。这种形象是认为的，是可以人工塑造的。/许多妇女尽其所能来摆布和修改自己的容貌体态。这个国家每小时花费在化妆品上的钱超过一百万元。女子已习以为常的视自己的脸蛋为面具，视自己的身体为物品。是一种脱离了原型而又高于原型的东西。/少女自然成长也不被看好，年龄上升是大忌。虽然男孩可以成为成熟

54、的男子，并且还收到鼓励。但对女孩的要求确是必须妙龄永驻，唯唯诺诺，依附顺从，永不成熟。不知何故，对他们的要求总有两面性，既要求他们性感多情，有要求他们冰清玉洁；即要求他们老道练达，又要求他们少不更事；即要求他们风骚冶艳，又要求他们质朴无华。/在被误导性的广告所描绘的世界里，爱恋和激情全然为产品所拥有，性也成了商品，其中年轻女子则成了最大的牺牲者。/Ideas of Home Have ChangedA great many people, when they speak of home, tend to associate it with a certain atmosphere, certa

55、in physical surroundings, and certain emotional attitudes within themselves. This sentimentality toward home is something that has come down to us from the past. Many modern people do not have it, and I think it is a good thing that they do not.许多人在谈到家的时候往往将它和某种气氛,某种环境及内心的某些情感态度联系在一起.这种对家的依恋情感古已有之,代

56、代相传.许多现代人不再有了,我认为这是件好事.In the old days life was difficult. Enemies could attack you and kill or rob you, and you had little protection against them. People did not live in well-built houses where doors could be locked. They did not have the protection of an organized police force or telephones which

57、 could summon the police instantly. How did this influence the way people felt about home? Small family groups clung tightly together for protection against beasts and against other men. Only the bravest went beyond the small family area. Even in the Middle Ages only the most daring went to lands be

58、yond sea. The human pursuit of security conditioned men to love their homes. I am sure that this feeling must have been very strong among the early settlers of the United States who were obliged, by famine and oppression, to take the plunge and go to the new land where they knew no one and where they were subject to Indian attack. We can see this even today in the attitudes of minority groups who, because of a feeling of insecurity, s