以钢丝绳为吊装机具时的选用与计算讲解

1、以钢丝绳为吊装机具时的选用与计算钢丝绳有抗拉强度高、弹性大、挠性好、耐磨损、寿命长、价格适中等诸多优点，故用得非常广泛。视组成钢丝绳股数和钢丝数目的多少、捻制方法的差异及有无纤维芯等，把钢丝绳分成十余种。设备吊装中一般只使用其中由6股组成的3种。(一) 设备吊装用钢丝绳的种类和用途设备吊装中常用由 1根纤维芯和 6股钢丝组成的 3钢丝绳，以6X19+1、6X37+1和6 01+1 表示其组成，其中6表示为6股、1表示有1根纤维芯，而19、37、61则表示每股内的钢丝数。 以同直径者相比较，钢丝多且细，则绳的挠性好，而耐磨性则稍差。此3种钢丝绳的用途和标记举例：(1) 6 X9钢丝绳：作拉索、缆

2、风绳及在其他少弯曲、受磨损时采用；(2) 6 37钢丝绳：宜用于滑车组及其他呈弯曲时采用；(3) 6 61钢丝绳：用于滑车组，制作吊索、起吊绑绳和重型起重机械。标记举例 (GB/T8918-1996),标记简化如下：钢丝绳6 X 19-16-1770表示6股，每股19丝,钢丝绳直径C 16mm，钢丝绳抗拉强度为 1770MPa(二) 钢丝绳的规格表为钢丝绳(6 X9+1)主要技术参数(GB/T8918-1996)钢丝 绳公称直径每100m钢丝绳近似质量/kg钢丝绳公称抗拉强度 /MPa14701570167017701870钢丝绳最小破断拉力/kNd/mm允 许 扁 差/%天然 纤维芯 钢丝绳

3、合成 纤维芯 钢丝绳钢芯 钢丝 绳纤维心钢丝绳钢芯 钢丝 绳纤维心钢丝绳钢芯 钢丝 绳纤维心钢丝绳钢芯 钢丝 绳纤维心钢丝绳钢芯 钢丝 绳纤维心钢丝绳钢芯 钢丝 绳3+83.113.033.434.064.394.334.694.614.984.895.285.165.58+7.22475.545.396.1011.27.807.718.338.208.878.699.409.189.93508.658.429.52012.2012.2013.0012.8013.8013.5014.6014.3015.5012.512.113.716.2+00006617.016.518.722.117.50

4、17.3018.7018.4019.9019.5021.1020.6022.307000002.9023.9025.5025.5027.1026.6028.7028.1030.40822.121.624.428.831.2030.8033.3032.8035.4034.7037.6036.7039.70000028.027.330.936.539.509000039.0042.2041.5044.9044.0047.5046.5050.2034.633.738.145.110000048.8048.1052.1051.2055.4054.3058.7057.4062.0041.940.846.

5、154.611000059.0058.3063.0062.0076.0065.7071.1069.4075.10-49.848.554.964.912000070.2069.4075.0073.8079.8078.2084.6082.6089.4058.557.064.476.2104.013000082.4081.4088.0086.6093.7091.8099.3097.00067.866.174.788.4102.0100.0108.0106.0115.0112.0121.014000095.6094.40000000088.686.397.5115.124.0123.0133.0131

6、.0141.0139.0150.0146.0158.016+00000000000000、6112.109.123.146.158.0156.0168.0166.0179.0176.0190.0186.0201.018000000000000000000138.135.152.180.195.0192.0208.0205.0221.0217.0235.0229.0248.02000000000000000000167.163.184.218.236.0233.0252.0248.0268.0263.0284.0277.0300.0220000000000000000199.194.219.25

7、9.281.0277.0300.0295.0319.0312.0338.0330.0357.02400000000000I00000234.228.258.305.329.0325.0352.0346.0374.0367.0397.0388.0419.02600000000000000000271.264.299.353.382.0377.0408.0401.0434.0426.0460.0450.0486.02800000000000000000(30311.303.343.406.439.0433.0469.0461.0498.0489.0528.0516.0558.0)000000000

8、0000000032354.345.390.462.499.0493.0533.0524.0567.0556.0601.0587.0635.000000000000000000(34400.390.440.521.564.0557.0602.0592.0640.0628.0679.0663.0717.0)0000000000000000036448.437.494.584.632.0524.0675.0664.0718.0704.0761.0744.0804.0000000000000100000（ 38500.487.550.651.704.0695.0752.0740.0800.0784.

9、0848.0828.0896.0|）0000000000000000040554.539.610.722.780.0771.0833.0820.0887.0869.0940.0918.0993.000000000000000000(42610.594.672.796.860.0850.0919.0904.0978.0958.01030.1010.1090.)0000000000000000000044670.652.738.873.944.0933.01000.992.01070.1050.1130.1110.1200.0000000000000100 100000000(46732.713.

10、806.954.1030.1010.1100.1080.1170.1140.1240.1210.1310.)00000000000000000000000000注:1.最小钢丝破断拉力总和=钢丝绳最小破断拉力X1.197（纤维芯或1.287（钢芯）2.新设计设备不得选用括号内的钢丝绳直径。钢丝绳（6X57+1）主要技术参数（GB/T8918-佃96 ）钢丝绳 公称直径毎100m钢丝绳近似质童/kg钢丝绳公14701570钢丝绳力d/nim允许偏差/%天然纤维芯钢丝绳合成纤 维芯钢丝绳钢芯钢丝绳纤维芯钢丝绳钢芯 钢丝绳纤维芯钢丝绳钢芯 钢丝绳纤经钢纟5+ 708.658.429.5210.801

11、1.7011.5012.5012.67+ 6A12.5017.0012.1016.5013.7018.7015.6021.2016.8022.9016.6022.601&0024.5017.24.8U22.1021.6024.4027.7030.0029.6032.0031.928.0027.3030.9035.1037.9037.5040.5039.1034.6033.7038.1043.3046.8046.3050.0049.1141.9040.8046.1052.4056.7056.0060.6059.1249.8048.5054.9062.4067.5066.6072.1070.135

12、8.5057.0064.4073.2079.2078.2084.6083.1467.8066.1074.7084.9091.9090.7098.1096.1688.6086.3097.50111.00120.00118.00128.0012618112.00109.00123.00140.00151.00150.00162.0015920+ 6138.00135.00152.00173.00187.00185.00200.00197220167.00163.00184.00209.00226.00224.00242.0023824199.00194.00219.00249.00270.0026

13、6.00288.0028326234.00228.00258.00293.00316.00313.00338.0033328271.00264.00299.00339.00367.00363.00392.00386(30)311.00303.00343.00390.00422.00416.00450.0044332354.00345.00390.00444.00480.00474.00512.00504(34)400.00390.00440.00501.00542.00535.00578.00569no如nnnnw nnfin c ig nnmq nn注:1.最小钢丝破断拉力总和=钢丝绳最小破

14、断拉 X1.249（维芯）或1.336（钢芯）2.新设计设备不得选用括号内的钢丝绳直径。下表为钢丝绳（6為1 + 1）的主要技术参数。直ft钢丝 总断面 面枳/mm2/nm钢丝/mm11.00.445.9714.00.571.8316.5? 0.6103.4319.5 j0.7140.7822.0、0.8183.8825.00.9232.7227.51.0287.3130.51.1347.6533.01.2413.7336.01.3485.5538.51.4563.1341.51.5646.4544.01.6735.5147.01.7830.3330.01.8930.8855.5 12.011

15、49.2461.02.21390.5866.52.41654.9172.02.61942.2277.52.82252.5183.03.02585.79钢丝绳每OOm质昴14001550钢丝总钢丝绳钢丝总钢丝绳破断力/kN破断拉 力/kN破断力/kN破断拉 力/kN43.2164.351.4471.256.9667.52100.580.411188.897.22144.5115.61601281132.3197157.6218174.4172.8257205.62852283218.8325.5260.4360.5288.43270.140232L6445356326.8486.539L2538

16、.5430.8388.9579463.2641512.8456.4679.5543.6752.5602529.3788630.4872.5698607.79057241000” 800691.410258201140912780.5116092812851028875.013001040144011521080.316051284178014241307.1194515562155172441555.6231518522565205241825.727152172301024082117.4引502520349027922430.636202896400532044注:在黑线之下只有普通钢丝绳

17、，无镀钵钢丝绳。（三）钢丝绳的许用拉力钢丝绳的许用拉力可按式计算P=T/K式中T 钢丝绳的破断拉力，kN; K 钢丝绳的安全系数，按下表选用。如钢丝绳的规格表中给岀钢丝破断拉力总和时，应先求钢丝绳破断拉力，再计算钢丝绳的许用拉力，即：钢丝绳破断拉力=换算系数罐冈丝破断拉力总和按GB/T8918 1996标准，换算系数C值为：6X19 钢丝绳 C=0.85;6 37 钢丝绳 C=0.82;6 61 钢丝绳 C =0.80下表钢丝绳安全系数起重机类型特性和使用范围最小安全系 数手传动4.5榄杆式起重机、自行式起重机及轻型5其他类型的起重机和卷扬机机械传动中型5.5重型610KN以下手动卷扬机4缆索

18、式起重机承担重量的钢丝绳3.5运输热金属、易燃物、易爆物6各种用途的钢丝绳捆绑设备6缆风绳3千斤绳（绳扣）610（四）旧钢丝绳的折减使用和报废久用后的钢丝绳会岀现磨损、锈蚀和断丝，使其破断拉力明显减小，但一般还可折减使用，如损坏严重时必须报废。折减按钢丝绳的断丝数，下表中查得折减系数，对其破断力进行折减，若钢丝绳表面又有磨损，则按 下表中对折减系数向更小方向修正。表钢丝绳断丝的折；咸系数（一个节距内）钢丝绳破断力钢丝绳的股丝数6X 19+16X 37+16X 61+1的折减系数捻绕方式交捻顺捻交捻顺捻交捻顺捻0.95531l61890.9010519919140.83147281440200.801783316432l017833164321注:一个节距的含义如多头螺纹的导程钢丝绳表面磨损时折；咸系数的修正系数钢丝表面磨损占直径的分数/%101520253030以上修正系数0.8O.7O.65O.55O.50O注：表中磨损比率按单根钢丝或整根钢丝绳计算均可。2报废如钢丝绳有断股、锈蚀严重、断丝和磨损超过标准、受热退火和发生各种严重变形时，钢丝绳应报废。按