高中英语 非谓语动词的三种形式及基本用法课件

1、 非谓语动词的概述非谓语动词的概述 时态时态 step3step3：不定式的用法：不定式的用法 小结小结 练习巩固练习巩固 step 2 step 2 不定式的时态和语态不定式的时态和语态 非谓语动词（非限定动词）非谓语动词（非限定动词） 二二.非限定动词具有动词的特征非限定动词具有动词的特征.可以有自可以有自 己的宾语、状语。有语态和时态的变化。己的宾语、状语。有语态和时态的变化。 另外还有一些非动词的特征，相当于名词、另外还有一些非动词的特征，相当于名词、 形容词等，在句子里可以作这些词类所能用形容词等，在句子里可以作这些词类所能用 作的句子成分。作的句子成分。 一一.非限定动词在句中不能

2、单独作谓非限定动词在句中不能单独作谓 语动词。不受主语的人称和数的限制语动词。不受主语的人称和数的限制。 非谓语动词的三种形式非谓语动词的三种形式 非谓语动词 分词分词 不定式不定式 -ing 形式形式 分词分现在分词和过去分分词分现在分词和过去分 词两类，具有形容词和副词两类，具有形容词和副 词的语法功能，在句子中词的语法功能，在句子中 可以充当表语、定语、状可以充当表语、定语、状 语和宾语补足语语和宾语补足语 动名词动名词 .动名词在书写形式上同现在分词相同，但语法概念动名词在书写形式上同现在分词相同，但语法概念 和语法功能各异。动名词具有名词的语法作用，在句子和语法功能各异。动名词具有名

3、词的语法作用，在句子 中主要充当主语和宾语。中主要充当主语和宾语。 to do （基本形）（基本形） not to do to be done to be doing to have done to have been done step 1 step 1 不定式的形式不定式的形式 step 2step 2 (1)(1)不定式的一般形式所表示的动作，通常与谓语的不定式的一般形式所表示的动作，通常与谓语的 动作（状态）动作（状态）同时发生同时发生. . eg. they invited us to go there this summer. (2)(2)如果谓语表示的动作（情况）发生时，不定式表

4、示如果谓语表示的动作（情况）发生时，不定式表示 的动作的动作正在进行正在进行，这时不定式就要用，这时不定式就要用进行式。进行式。 eg. they seemed to be talking about something secret. (3)(3)如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前之前，就要用，就要用完完 成式。成式。 eg. im sorry to have done that . 不定式的时态和语态不定式的时态和语态 im very delighted to be invited to marys birthday party. im pleased to

5、have been given this chance. 如果不定式的逻辑主语是如果不定式的逻辑主语是 不定式所表示的动作的承不定式所表示的动作的承 受者，不定式要用受者，不定式要用被动形被动形 式式. step 3 step 3 不定式的用法不定式的用法 (1) 作主语 eg. 1) it is right to give up smoking. 2 )i think it would be a good idea to have comments from secretaries and typists who are already using it. 不定式短语作主语时，用不定式短语作

6、主语时，用it 作形式主语，真正的主语后置。作形式主语，真正的主语后置。 (2) 作宾语 不定式短语可以作宾语，以上动词后，跟不定式作宾语不定式短语可以作宾语，以上动词后，跟不定式作宾语 eg. we have decided to give them a hand. agree, decide, expect, fail ,help, hope,manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, wish ( (构成构成v.+ to dov.+ to do的形式的形式) i find it interesting to work w

7、ith him. 如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语 补足语之后，而用补足语之后，而用it 作形式宾语。类似的动词还有作形式宾语。类似的动词还有 ( ) 等等 (构成构成 主语主语+v.+ it +宾补宾补+ to do sth. 的形式的形式) feel, think, consider, make, believe 动名词动名词 作宾语时作宾语时,在意义上比较在意义上比较一般和抽象一般和抽象,时时 间观念不强间观念不强,不指某一次动作。动词不定式作不指某一次动作。动词不定式作 宾语常表示宾语常表示某个具体动作。某个具体动作。 he

8、likes swimming, but he doesnt like to swim today. 只能跟只能跟 to do的动词的动词 want、wish、hope、expect、decide、 agree、manage、promise、pretend 与动名词做宾语比较与动名词做宾语比较 只能跟动名词的动词只能跟动名词的动词 enjoy、finish、mind、miss、avoid、 risk、suggest、escape、practise、 insist on、give up 二者皆可无区别二者皆可无区别 begin、start、like、hate、prefer、 continue、in

9、tend 二者皆可但有区别二者皆可但有区别 stop、remember、forget 、try、regret、 mean eg. 1lets have a break. not now. i dont want to stop _ yet. a. study b. to study c. for studying d. studying 2. the little time we have together we try _ wisely. a. spending it b. to spend it c. to spend d. spending that 3. little tom shou

10、ld love _ to the theatre this evening. a. to be taken b. to take c. being taken d. taken (3) (3) 作宾语补足语作宾语补足语 eg. what the teacher said encouraged us to try our best at our work. 在在feel, hear, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, watch, have, let, make 等词后的补足语中，不定式不带等词后的补足语中，不定式不带to。但。但 是这些句子如果

11、变成被动结构时，就必须带是这些句子如果变成被动结构时，就必须带to。 eg. i often hear him sing the song. he is often heard to sing the song. 注意 allow, ask, advise, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, would like, order, permit, persuade, teach, tell, want, warn, wish ( (构成构成“v.+ sb.+ to do”“v.+ sb.+ to do”的形式的形式) 不定式动词在介词不定式动词在介词b

12、ut, except, besides 后面时，如果这些介后面时，如果这些介 词之前有行为动词词之前有行为动词do 的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定 式不带式不带to, 否则要带否则要带to。 eg.1) she could do nothing but cry. 2) i have no choice but to go. 注意 (4)作表语 eg.it has been proved that the way to produce the most food is to let farmers grow crops either to feed thei

13、r family or to sell. (5)作定语 eg.i was the first woman to travel alone at the north pole. 作定语的不定式如果是作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词不及物动词，不定式后面须有相，不定式后面须有相 应的应的介词介词。 eg. he is looking for a room to live in. there is nothing to worry about. please give me a knife to cut with. 注意 （6）作状语）作状语 he spoke loudly (so as / in o

14、rder) to be heard. they jumped with joy to hear the news. im too tired to walk any further tonight. 目的状语目的状语. 原因状语原因状语. 结果状语结果状语 动词不定式省略动词不定式省略to 的情况归纳的情况归纳 *1 当动词不定式作宾语补足语时，如动词是当动词不定式作宾语补足语时，如动词是 make, let , have 或或 look at , see, watch, observe, hear, listen to, feel 、等，不定式不带、等，不定式不带to. *2. 在下列结构后

15、在下列结构后 had better, would rather, would ratherthan, cannot but（不得不（不得不 ，必然，不能不），必然，不能不）, cant help but 等等 *3. why not 表建议表建议 *4. 在介词在介词 but , except 之后，如果其前有实义动词之后，如果其前有实义动词do 的某种形式，不定式不带的某种形式，不定式不带to, 反之须带反之须带to . 1. there are five pairs _,but im at a loss which to buy. a. to be chosen b. to choose

16、from c. to choose d. for choosing 2. charles babbage is generally considered _the first computer. a. to invent b. inventing c. to have invented d. having invented 4. the director had her assistant _ some hot dogs for the meeting. a. picked up b. picks up c. pick up d. picking up 5. i like getting up

17、 very early in summer. the morning air is so good_. a. to be breathed b. to breathe c. breathing d. being breathed 6. -did the book give the information you needed? -yes. but _ it, i had to read the entire book. a. to find b. find c. to finding d. finding 7. 8. if there is a lot of work _, i am happ

18、y to just to keep on until it is finished. a. to do b. to be doing c. done d. doing 语态 时态 主动语态被动语态 一般时to do to be done 进行时to be doing无 完成时 to have done to have been done 小小 结结 1. the light in the office is still on. -oh, i forgot . a. turning it off b. turn it off c. having turned it off d. to turn

19、it off 2. she cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake. a. to clean b. cleaning c. cleaned d. being c leaned 3. not everybody has the ability in public. a. of speak b. speaking c. spoken d. to speak 练习练习 4. mary is always the first student4. mary is always the first student to answer th

20、e to answer the teachers questions in class.teachers questions in class. a. rising b. to rise a. rising b. to rise c. rose d. risenc. rose d. risen 5.5. mum ,why do you always ask me to eat an egg mum ,why do you always ask me to eat an egg every day?every day? - - _ _enough protein and nutrition as

21、 you are enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.growing up. a. get b. getting c. to get d. to be a. get b. getting c. to get d. to be gettinggetting 6.6.would you be so kindwould you be so kind us out? -with pleasure.us out? -with pleasure. a. helping b. in helping c. help d. as to helpa

22、. helping b. in helping c. help d. as to help 7. wet umbrellas are not allowedwet umbrellas are not allowed into this hotel into this hotel according to the rule.according to the rule. a. to be taken b. to take c. taken d. taking a. to be taken b. to take c. taken d. taking 8. robert is said _ abroa

23、d, but i didnt know what country he studied in.8. robert is said _ abroad, but i didnt know what country he studied in. a to have studied b to study a to have studied b to study c to be studying d to have been studying c to be studying d to have been studying 9. in australia he made a lot of friends9. in australia he made a lot of friends _ _a very a very practic