会计专业英语PPT

1、一 what we should do in class english: learn how to express in english accounting: familiar with accounting terms, concepts one more time. combine both freely but english is more important. 二 improve english by . read textbook in class and after class remember new words answer questions in exercise i

2、s important overlook some parts while emphasizing some other parts. 三 introduction of textbook structure: have 2 sections: financial accounting: first part management accounting: later part in each lesson: have lesson, reading materials and exercises. lesson 1 an introduction of accounting 一 whats a

3、ccounting? 二 accounting functions. 三 modern accounting. 一 whats accounting? an information system presents financial position and operating results (income or loss) to interested users. what do you think? 二 functions 1 reporting financial information to outside interested users outside users are:inv

4、estors,banks and other creditors,government agencies,general publics financial accounting: provides external reports o outsiders, financial information. 2reporting management information to internal users internal users are senior management-level personnel. management accounting (next page) managem

5、ent accounting: use both historical data in assisting management daily operations and in planning future operations. the process of generating and analyzing accounting data, such as budget, performance report cost-benefit data. provide management inside with internal decision-making information. 三 m

6、odern accounting a number of specialized fields of accounting involve： 1 financial accounting 2 management accounting 3 auditing: a field of activity involving an independent review of the accounting records. 4 tax accounting: preparation of tax returns and the consideration of the tax consequences

7、of proposed business transactions or alternatives of action.编制纳 税申报表并考虑经济业务的税收后果及 行为选择 5 accounting system: design and implementation of procedures for the accumulation and reporting of financial data 设计并实行程序来汇总和报告财务数据 6 budgetary accounting：prepare plan of financial operation for a future period, t

8、hrough records and summaries and compare the predetermined plan. a combination of planning and controlling ,it is considered to be part of management accounting. 7 international accounting: concerned with the special problems associated with the international business: multinational enterprises tran

9、sactions. consolidated financial reports, foreign currency transactions. 8 not-for-profit accounting: accounting for governmental units and other not-for-profit unit like churches, charities and educational institutions. . 9 social accounting: measurement of social costs and benefits which have prev

10、iously been considered to be immeasurable. 四 whats gaap? generally accepted accounting principles公 认会计原则 contains: accounting standards, principles, procedures, conventions. 五 the most important assumptions accounting entity going concern measuring unit historical cost objective matching revenue and

11、 exp consistency materiality conservatism comparability accounting period 1 accounting entity accounting entity: each business entity must separate from others( persons who supply its assets and other businesses), only record business as a separate one, accounting concepts here are suitable to the e

12、nterprise. accounting information is understandable 2 going concern 2 going concern: it is assume that once a business open, people will have a reasonable expectation of continuing in business for a quite long time(indefinitely) 3 measuring unit(3-1) 3 measuring unit(unit of measurement): all busine

13、ss tractions are recorded in terms of money. only through money, that diverse transactions and activities of a business may be measured. reported, and periodically compared. money is both the common factor of an business transactions and only feasible unit of measurement that can be used to achieve

14、uniform financial data. measuring unit(3-2) assume money unit is unchangeable and stable, so you neednt adjust you figures of you report constantly. 4 historical cost historical cost: all most all items or accounts record and report at acquisition price or original price. so adjust book value when p

15、rice go upward is forbidden, but downward is allowed in some cases. 5 objective(5-1) accounting entry reported on financial statements must be based on objective source document or evidence. objective(reliability) (5-2) evidence is not always conclusively objective, for there are many cases in accou

16、nting in which judgments, estimates, and other subjective factors must be taken into account in such cases, the most subjective evidence available should be used 6 matching principle the revenue recognized during the period match (配比）the expired costs allocated in the period , the residual being the

17、 net income or net loss for the period. 7 consistency: 一贯性 different method,principle have different effects on income statement and balance sheet. a entity should apply same procedures and principles used in preceding years. chances are permissible when it is believed that use a different principle

18、 will more fairly state net income and financial position. example : change in the method of inventory pricing income statement(i/s) a summary of revenue,expense,net income cash flow statement (cf/s) a summary of cash flows in and out , report net cash flow. the personal residence of the owner of a freight company is not disclosed in the financial statement of the business. (accounting entity) 二when do we report these statements? *时间间隔the interval of time* b/s have prior claim to assets in liquidation 2 types of it cumulative & nonculmulative stock participating & nonprticipa