2017广州八年级上册英语Unit3课内重点及语法22页

1、Unit3 知识探究Step one Getting ready & Reading课文讲解1 Listen to a woman making a phone order.听一位女士电话购物。Order n.订货；订购。 make an order 订购。如：Please make an order for a new sofa and a tea table.请订购一个新沙发和茶几。回顾：order 还可表示“命令”的意思。如：This is an order! 这是命令!order sb to do sth 命令某人做某事 （1）韩梅梅命令李雷去做家务。_(2) My mother or

2、der me _ off the TV.A. to turn B. turning C. turn D. to turning2 Learn how to compare things by using the comparative of adjectives.学习如何用形容词的比较级来对比事物。 Compare v.比较；对比。Comparewith 把与相比。如： Compare this picture with that one and see which is better. 把这幅画和那幅画相比，看看哪幅更好。3 We use the computer for typing. 我

3、们用电脑来打字。Type v.打字。如：Ill ask Miss white to type the letter. 我会让怀特小姐把这封信打出来。Type 还可作名词，表示“种类；类型”的意思。如：A type of 一种4 Computers may work as doctors. 电脑可以当医生。Work as 从事工作。如：My brother works as an engineer.我哥哥是工程师。(1) 我将来想从事一名教师。_(2) 我妈妈是一名家庭主妇。_5 You may be unaware of them. 你可能没意识到这些。 Be unaware of 没意识到；

4、未察觉。如：He was unaware of the truth. 他没意识到真想。拓展：be aware of 意识到；察觉到(1) 我没想到你是这样一个人。_6 You depend on computers more than you realize. 你依赖电脑的程度比你知道的更多。 Depend on 依靠。如： Children depend on their parents.孩子依靠父母。(1)我们必须自己靠自己。_7 They can calculate at a faster speed than we can and almost never give wrong ans

5、wers. 它们的计算得比我们快，而且几乎从不出错。Speed n. 速度。如： At a fast / full speed 快速 / 全速 At a speed of 120 kilometers per hour 以每小时120公里的速度(1)我以每分钟500米的速度冲向饭堂。_8 In addition, computers can do important jobs like operating railways and flying planes and spaceships.此外，电脑可以做很重要的工作，如铁路系统的控制、飞机飞船的操作。 In addition 除以外（还）。如

6、： He does well in all his subjects. In addition, he is good at playing sports. 他各门功课都很出色。此外，他还擅长各项运动。 (1). 另外，我寒假还要去旅游。_9. However, one day computers may be able to do a better job than human beings.Be able to 意为“能，能够”，后接动词原形。Tom isnt able to come because he is ill.辨析be able to与canbe able to表示有能力，往往

7、是经过努力而获得的能力有人称和数的变化可用于多种时态can表示身体或精神上自身具备的能力，还可以表示请求、允许、推测没有人称和数的变化只有一般现在时和一般过去时的两种时态10. Some young people always need help from their parents. Need作实义动词讲，意为需要Need to do sth “需要做某事”，主语通常是人We need to tell him the truth.Need doing sth “需要做某事”，主语通常是物The flowers need watering.Need作情态动词时，没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形

8、，主要用于否定句或疑问句中。（1） 你需要按时完成作业。_（2） 没有人的时候灯要关掉。_11. We had fun and learnt something new as well.Have fun意为“玩得开心，过得愉快”，相当于have a good/great/wonderful time或enjoy oneself,此处fun是不可数名词，意为“玩笑，娱乐，乐趣”The children are having fun playing in the park.(1) 我们去下川岛玩得很开心。_=_As well意为“也”。通常放句末，相当于too.I can speak Chines

9、e and I can speak English as well.12. .but it works at a much faster speed than my old one.At介词，意为“（速度）以.”。At a speed of以.的速度 at high/low speed以高速/低速At top/full speed以全速Much faster意为“快得多”。“much+形容词/副词的比较级”意为“.得多”Im much taller than you.常见的用于修饰比较级的单词或短语有much, even, a little, a bit等。Step two-Listening

10、 讲解Price each单价Price名词，意为“价钱价格”。询问价格用“Whats the price of.?”，相当于“How much is/are.?”。1） 表示价格高用“high”,表示价格低用“low”。The price of the book is very high.2） expensive “昂贵的，花钱多的”，表示物品“贵”；表示物品“贱”用cheap（廉价的，便宜的）。它们的主语必须是货物、物品本身。This watch is expensive.【随堂练】：(一) 单项选择：1 This computer is _ than that one. A. expen

11、sive B. more expensive C. much expensive D.most expensive( ) 2 Mary depended _ her grandparents after her parents died in the accident A. on B. in C. by D. with( ) 3 Lucys mother _ a teacher in a big school. She is kind to all her students. A. works out B. works as C. works in D. works on( ) 4 Sam i

12、s an excellent engineer. _ ,he is a good footballer. A. in trouble B. in time C. in addition D. in future( ) 5 We use the mouse for _ the computer. A. control B. controls C. controlled D. controlling(二) 单词拼写。1 How fast can the car run?It can run at a s _ of 150 kilometres an hour.2 We d _ on each ot

13、her because we are good friends.3 These ants are so t _ that people are always unaware of them.4 Use your b _ , and youll find a way.5 My seventy-year-old grandpa is learning to t _ with the computer.(三) 完成句子。1 人们生病时要依靠医生。 People have to _ _ doctors when they are ill.2 此外，李老师还是个灌篮高手。_ _, Mr Li is a

14、great basketball player.3 你父亲从事什么工作？ What does your father _ _?4 我没察觉到这个错误的答案。I _ _ _ the wrong answer.5 如果你比较一下这些文章，你就会知道谁写得最好。 _ you _ these articles, youll know writes the best.(四) 读课文，选择正确答案。( ) 1 The first computers appeared _. A. in 1940 B. before cars C. in the 1940s( ) 2 Now computers are be

15、coming _. A. smaller B. less C. bigger( ) 3 Computers can do _ for human beings. A. nothing B. something C. anything( ) 4 People move the _ to control the computer. A. mouse B. keyboard C. monitor( ) 5 Computers arent cleverer than us because we can _. A. calculate faster than them B. always give ri

16、ght answers C. produce new ideasStep three-Speaking Writing1 What do you think of computers? What do you think of.= How do you like? 你觉得.怎么样？ -What do you think of your trip? -Great! We have a good time!【中考链接】 你认为我们的校规和班规怎样？_ do you _ _ our school rules and class rules?2 How often do you use the com

17、puter? How often “多久一次” 回答的时候用频度副词always，often或者频度副词短语 once/twice a week. -How often do they play ping-pong? -Once a week.【辨析】How often 多久一次，指频率How long 多长时间，用for或者是since回答 - How long did you stay here? -For three daysHow soon 还要多长时间才，多用于将来时， - How soon will they come back?用in+一段时间回答 -In two days.【中

18、考链接】-_ do you go to library?- Once a week.3 How much time do you spend playing computer games every week? How much 多少，提问不可数名词的数量，还可以询问价钱。 How much money do you have? How much water is there in the glass?【辨析】Spend 主语是人 spend on sth./spend in doing sth.Pay 主语是人 pay for sth./ pay sb. for sth.Take 主语是it

19、 It takes sb. some time to do sth.Cost 主语是物 sth. costs sb. some money【中考链接】I _ some of my free time playing basketball for my school team. A spend B cost C take D pay.4 popular 流行的，受欢迎的。可以做定语或者是表语。做定语时，在口语中缩写为pop. Be popular with 受到.的欢迎 Ice cream is popular with children.【中考链接】 Mobile phones are _(流

20、行的，普通的) in the modern world.5 However, we have another model- the C 4095 Another 另外的，又一。在此处做形容词，也可以做代词。通常用于三者或者是三者以上以及不确定中的另一个.the other指的是两者中的另一个。 Lets find another way to work out the problem. Here are two rules. One is short, and the other is short.【中考链接】- Could we see each other at 9 oclock tomo

21、rrow morning.- Sorry, Lets make it _ time.A others B the other C another D other6 Look forward to your replay. Look forward to希望，盼望 其中to 是介词，后面跟动词的ing形式。 Im always looking forward to buying a new car.二 根据提示完成句子 1 那件衬衣多少钱？ _ _ _ _the skirt? 2 他每天要花一个小时玩电脑游戏。 He _ over an hour _ computer games every d

22、ay. 3 一杯咖啡怎么样？ -好的，谢谢你！ - _ _ _ a cup of coffee? - Yes, please. Thank you.4 哪一位是你爸爸? -穿白衬衣的那位男士。 - _ _ is your father? -The man in a white shirt.5-你觉得今晚的电影怎么样？-很一般-_ _ you _ _ the movie tonight?-Its just so-so三 单项选择( ) 1 - What do you think of the two backpacks? -_ of them are very nice.A Either B B

23、oth C Each D All( ) 2 It usually _ Mum about half an hour to cook supper.A pays B takes C spends D costs( ) 3 Daisy is such a good daughter that she _ most of her spare time with her parents.A spends B costs C takes D affords( ) 4 -_ does you cousin go to the gym? -Twice a week.A How long B How ofte

24、n C How soon D How much( ) 5 -_ are you leaving for Beijing?- In a couple of days.A How far B How often C How soon D How long( ) 6 Jenny, I need some milk . -Ok. Mum. _ do you need? A How much B How many C How often D How long( ) 7 -_is your father?- A bank clerk. He works in a bank near my home?A W

25、here B How C What D Which( ) 8 -_ does your new friend look like? A How B Who C What C Where( ) 9 -_is Jeremy Lin.- He is a famous Harvard-educated, Asian-American NBA basketball player.A Where B What C Why D How old( ) 10 - _ have you been married? -For twenty years.A How long B How far C How soon

26、D How often四 书面表达电脑已经成为生活中不可或缺的工具了。 以computer 为题，写一篇约60的词_ 例文： Computer is a wonderful machine. Its a great invention in many years. It develops very quickly. The smallest computer is as big as a notebook. We call it pocket computer. Computer becomes more and more important in many ways. It has touc

27、hed the lives of everyone, even people in faraway villages. It helps us to do with all kinds of information and we get knowledge from it. It can give us a lot of fun.Step four-More Practice 讲解1 The students played computer games on the Internet all day Saturday without stopping to drink, eat or slee

28、p.without 介词 “没有，缺乏”. 后接名词，代词以及动名词，多作伴随状语He left without a word.Stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事。 The girl start to cry.Sop doing sth. 停止做某事 The girl stopped crying.2 I hope we can work together to stop students from spending too much time playing computer games.Stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事Lets stop th

29、e children from playing near the lake.【中考链接】While we were running on the playground, Jack suddenly stopped _and lay on the ground, so we all stopped _ what was wrong with him.A to run; to see B running; seeing C running; to see【随堂练】一 用形容词的正确形式填空1 Autumn is _(good) season in a year.2 The sun is _(big

30、) than the Moon.3 We are twins. Im _(old) than her.4 Lucys cake is _(small) than Lilys5 Who is _(tall), Ann, Meimei or Mary.6 The basket is _(heavy) of all. Let me carry it.7 That cinema has _(bad) quality in town.8 Dont clean those windows. They are very _(high)9 They are all in Grade Two. Im in Gr

31、ade One. I;m _(young)10 Today is a fine day. It is _(fine) in this week.二 根据汉语提示完成句子1 他很饿，又吃了两片面包。He was hungry and ate _ _ pieces of bread.2 我期待着参观故宫 Im _ _ _ _ the Palace Museum.3 非常感谢你能来参加我的生日聚会 Thanks very much _ _ to my birthday party.4 他立刻匆匆忙忙的跑出去，一句话也没有说。He hurried out immediately _ _ a word.

32、5 他让我们停下来休息一会儿。Lets _ _ _ a rest.三 选择题( ) 1 Is New Zealand a big country? - No, New Zealand only has two island. One is North Island,_ is South Island. A other B the other C another D the others( ) 2 - Im looking forward to _ my parents soon. What about you? -Me too. A seeing B see C saw( ) 3 Kate,

33、thanks for _ me _ my English. A helping; to B to help; with C helping; with( ) 4 My hometown is an amazing place _ any pollution. A with B without C out D in( ) 5 -Dad, why must I stop _ computer games? -For your health, my boy. A play B to play C to playing D playing( ) 6 - Whats the matter with De

34、lla? - Well, her parents wouldnt allow her to go to the party, but she still _ A hopes so B hopes to C hopes not D hopes for( ) 7 - Its reported that it will rain hard next Sunday. - _. We are planning to go boating that day. A I dont think so B I hope so C Im afraid not D I hope not( ) 8 As you kno

35、w Its our duty to _ people from hurting animals in danger. A stop B save C help D protect( ) 9 The meat is _ delicious. - Yes, but dont eat_. A too much, too much B much too, too much C too much, much too D much too, much too( ) 10 He is very popular and _ tourists visit it year by year. A more and

36、more B fewer and fewer C less and less D more or less第六讲单元语法形容词副词一般来说，中文意思是“的”的词是形容词，而中文意思是“地”的词是副词。形容词和副词的比较级和最高级是小升初考试的重点之一。一. 形容词:1. 概述: 形容词是用以修饰名词或某些代词,表示人或事物的性质,特征或状态的. eg: This is a small noon. 多个形容词作定语一般遵循下面的规则:限(冠词, 物主代词, 指示代词, 数词等) 观(描述)形(大小, 形状等)龄(年龄, 新旧等)色(色彩)国(国籍, 出处等)二. 副词: 表示行为特征或性状的词叫

37、副词, 副词主要用来修饰动词, 形容词, 副词或其他结构. 副词的基本特征副词是表示行为或状态特征的词，在句子中属于修饰性词类。大多数副词是用形容词加后缀ly构成的。 Eg: quickly slowly bravely 以-y结尾的形容词，现将y改成i，再加-ly。 Eg: happy-happily angry-angrily 有些副词没有特殊词尾。 Eg: late, often, here, quite, never, very 有些副词与形容词形式相同。 Eg: late, early, high, long, fast只有可以分成比较级的副词才能有比较级和最高级形式，eg: fas

38、t ,easily等。 像only, really, here, there则不可能有比较级，因为它们是不可分级的。一、形容词、副词比较级和最高级的意义英语中的形容词和副词，在句子里表示“比较”、“最”时，要用特别的形式，即：比较级和最高级。原来的形式称为原级。如： long longer longest 原级 比较级 最高级1The black pen is very long. 黑色的钢笔很长。2The blue pen is longer than the black one. 蓝色的钢笔比黑色的长。3The red pen is the longest of the three. 红色

39、的钢笔是三支中最长的。2、 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则单音节词和少数双音节词（如以y结尾的词）以加词尾-er,-est 的方式构成，在加词尾时要注意：类型构成法例词一般单音节词直接加词尾-er,-estsmall, samller, smallest以-e或-ee结尾的词加-r, -stlarge, larger, largestfree, freer, freest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词变y为i，再加词尾-er，-estbusy, busier, biggestheavy, heavier, heaviest以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er, -

40、estbig, bigger, biggestthin, thinner, thinnest 大部分双音节词和多音节词都在其前加more方式构成：原级比较级最高级importantmore importantmost importantdifficultmore difficultmost difficultusefulmore usefulmost useful 注：有少数单音节的形容词，通常以加 more, most 的方法构成比较级和最高级， 如：pleased, tired, fond, glad等。三、形容词、副词比较级的用法表示两者间的比较用比较级。其常见句式有： 1“A + be

41、 +形容词比较级 + than + B” 意思为“A比B更”。如：This tree is taller than that one. 这棵树比那棵树高。 注意： 在含有连词than的比较级中，前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴，即同类事物之间的比较。 在比较级前面使用much，表示程度程度“强得多”。如：A watermelon is much bigger than an apple. very, quite一般只能修饰原级，不能修饰比较级。 2“become + 形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级”是“变得越来越”的意思，and连接同一个形容词的比较级。如：It becomes war

42、mer and warmer when spring comes. 春天来了，天气变得越来越暖和了。 注：表示“越来越”时，若比较级是“原级 + er”构成的，则常用“比较级 + and + 比较级”形式；若比较级是“more + 原级”构成的，需用“more and more + 原级形式”。如：Our school is becoming more and more beautiful. 我们的学校变得越来越美丽。3在含有or的选择疑问句中，如果有两者供选择，前面的形容词要用比较级形式。如：Who is taller,Tim or Tom? 谁更高，Tim还是Tom?四、形容词、副词的最高

43、级的用法1. Spring is the best season of the year. 春天是一年中最好的季节。2. She is the youngest in the class.她是班里最年轻的。句型：A+动词+the+形容词最高级+of（in）表示三者或三者以上（人或事物）的比较，其中有一个在某一方面超过其他几个时，用最高级。最高级前面一般要加定冠词the，后面可带of（in）短语来说明比较的范围。1. Tom is the happiest of us all.汤姆是我们当中最幸福的。2. This park is the most beautiful of the three.

44、这个花园是这三个中最漂亮的。of和in的区别1.“of+复数”表示“在之中的”；“在中”of the four 在四个之中of all（people） 在所有的人之中of all the boys在所有的男孩中of us 在我们之中of all things 在所有的事情当中2.“in+范围、场所”译为“在之中”；“在之内”in the house 在家中in China 在中国in the world 在世界上in our school 在我们学校in my family 在我们家需注意的最高级用法America is one of the most important countries

45、for China.对中国而言，美国是最重要的国家之。My father is the tallest in my family.在我家里，我父亲最高。1.one of the +最高级，表示“是最之一者”Shanghai is one of the most beautiful cities in China.上海是中国最美丽的城市之。Our city is one of the safest cities in the world.我们城市是世界上最安全的城市之。One of the most important languages is English最重要的语言之一是英语。注意：1.o

46、ne of the +最高级，后面要加上名词的复数，即为“one of the +最高级+复数名词” 2.“most+复数名词”、“most of the+复数名词）或most of+代词，表示“大多数，大部分的” Most of the boysare good.大多数的男孩是好样的。Most of（his books） them were written here.他的大部分书是在这儿写的。3.最高级的表示方法我们可以用原级、比较级、最高级三种方式来表达最高级，总结如下：她是她们班最好的学生。最高级：She is the best in her class.比较级：She is bette

47、r than any other student in her class.No other student in her class is better than she.原级：No other student in her class is as good as she.比较which和what在一定数目的范围内做选择时用which，从不定数中做选择时用what，但有时并没有区分得那么清楚。左下例句是询问三者以上，所以用which。Which（Who）is +the +最高级？意指三个以上的事物或人当中“哪一个（人）最为呢？”Which is the biggest of the five apples?这五个苹果中哪一个最大？The first one（is）. 第一个。Which is the heaviest, the horse, the sheep or the elephan