九上一二单元语法

1、乐博思grammar：反义疑问句 定义：提问人对自己的看法没有把握，需要通过反问对方来证实。构成：陈述句+简短的疑问句（两个部分的人称和时态应保持一致且疑问句中的主语要用主格形式）原则：前肯后否，前否后肯1） 陈述部分肯定句+疑问部分否定句2） 陈述部分否定句+疑问部分肯定句如：spiders are friends of human beings, arent they? he cant swim, can he?1）当谓语为be动词时，后面疑问句的动词用be动词对应的肯定或否定形式。he is a student, isnt he?you are a doctor, arent you?2

2、）当谓语动词含有情态动词或助动词时，后面疑问句的动词用情态动词或助动词对应的肯定或否定形式。you will have a holiday, wont you?they have never been to shanghai, havent they?3）当谓语动词为行为动词时，后面疑问句的动词用相应的助动词。he likes basketball, doesnt he?he hurt himself in the football match, didnt he?4）陈述句为there be 句型，疑问部分用动词+there。there were many cars in the stree

3、t, werent there?there will be robots in our families, wont there?5）陈述句为肯定祈使句时，疑问部分一般用wont you或will you。陈述句为否定祈使句时，疑问部分用will you。但如果是lets时，一定要用shall we。lets go home, shall we?let us go home, will you?dont open the window, will you?6）当陈述句中含有带否定意义的词时，如never, hardly, few, nothing等，疑问部分用肯定形式。he has few f

4、riends in shenzhen, does he?注意：含有否定词缀的词unhappy，dislike，unfriendly等视为肯定句处理。he looks unhappy, doesnt he?7）陈述句中的主语是指人的不定代词nobody, everyone等时，疑问句的主语通常用he或they。everyone has been told what to do, havent he/ they?8）陈述句中的主语是指物的不定代词everything, nothing等时，疑问句的主语只用it。everything is all right, isnt it?9）陈述句中的主语是指

5、示代词this或that时，疑问句的主语用it；陈述句中的主语是指示代词these或those时，疑问句的主语用they。this is a plane, isnt it?these are grapes, arent they?10）无论哪种形式的反义疑问句，均按客观事实回答。-today isnt monday, is it?-no, it isnt. (today is not monday)1. you have finished your work, havent you?_; _2. she didnt go to the party, did she?_; _随堂练习：i. 句子

6、翻译练习1. 请确保你出门的时候锁好了门。_2. 一个月前，国王将他关进了监狱。_ 3. 请去办公室搞清楚今天下午我们干什么。_ii. 单项选择( )1. paul never plays video games in his spare time, _? a. is he b. does he c. doesnt hed. isnt he( )2. lets go skating, _? - ok. lets go. a. do you b. dont you c. will youd. shall we( )3. she didnt go to school yesterday, did

7、she? - _, though she did not feel very well. a. yes, she didb. yes, she didntc. no, she didntd. no, she did ( )4. there is little milk in the bottle, _? a. is itb. isnt itc. is thered. isnt there ( )5. i dont think he could have done such a stupid thing last night, _?a. do ib. could hec. did hed. ha

8、s he ( )6. tom hardly hurt himself in the accident, _? a. didnt heb. does hec. doesnt hed. did he ( )7. shes never seen such a wonderful film, _she? a. is b. isntc. hasd. hasnt i.单项选择。 ( )1. there are always many volunteers in great events, _?-yes. many hands make light work.a. arent thereb. are the

9、rec. arent theyd. are they ( )2. dont forget to lock the door when you go out.-no, i _. a. willb. wontc. dod. dont( )3. youd better find some information about the advertisement, _?a. wouldnt youb. had youc. hadnt youd. should you( )4. what a terrible tsunami（海啸）, _?a. arent they b. are theyc. isnt

10、it d. is it( )5. everyone has left, _?a. did he b. hasnt she c. hasnt he d. didnt he( )6. this is an interesting book, _?a. is it b. isnt thisc. isnt itd. is this( )7. i dont think she is right, _?a. do ib. dont i c. is she d. isnt she( )8. boys and girls, lets go hiking in the wutong mountain, _?a.

11、 will we b. do we c. shall wed. dont we iii. 阅读理解 to us, it seems so natural to put up an umbrella to keep the water off when it rains. but in fact the umbrella was not invented as protection against the rain. its first use was as a shade（遮蔽）against the sun. nobody knows who first invented it, but t

12、he umbrella was used in very ancient times. probably the first to use it were the chinese, back in the eleventh century bc. we know that the umbrella was used in ancient egypt and babylon as a sunshade. and there was a strange thing connected with its use: it became a symbol of honor and power（权力）.

13、in the far east in ancient times, the umbrella was allowed to be used only by those in high office or by royal people such as the kings or queens. in europe, the greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade. the umbrella was in common use in ancient greece, but it is believed that the fir

14、st people in europe to use the umbrella as protection against the rain were the ancient romans. during the middle ages in europe, the use of the umbrella almost disappeared. then it appeared again in italy in the late sixteenth century. and again it became a symbol of power. umbrellas have not chang

15、ed much in style during all this time, though they have become much lighter in weight. it wasnt until the twentieth century that the umbrellas for women began to be made in all kinds of colors.( )1. ancient people first used umbrellas as _.a. a symbol of honor b. protection against the sun c. a symb

16、ol of power d. protection against the rain( )2. what do the underlined words “royal” mean in chinese?a. 皇室的 b. 富裕的 c. 中产的 d. 平民的( )3. according to the passage, the umbrella was probably first used in ancient _.a. egyptb. babylon c. romed. china( )4. according to the passage, which of the following i

17、s not true?a. the ancient greeks used the umbrella in their daily life. b. europeans hardly used the umbrella during the middle ages. c. the umbrellas for women were made colorful in ancient times. d. the style of the umbrella hasnt changed a lot since it was invented.( )5. this passage is mainly ab

18、out _.a. the sales of the umbrellab. the differences among umbrellasc. the invention of the umbrellad. the history and the use of the umbrellagrammar：动词不定式 1）不定时的基本形式为：to+动词原形，有时可以不用to，这里的to 是不定式符号，本身无词义，动词不定式的否定形式是not+（to+）动词原形2）动词不定式的句法功能功能例句说明主语to speak english is not easy for us=it is not easy f

19、or us to speak english. 讲英语对我们来说不容易。作主语用的不定式，常常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。表语my work is to clean the room everyday.=to clean the room every day is my work. 我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换作为主语。宾语what sports does he like to play?他喜欢做什么运动？he likes to play basketball. 他喜欢打篮球。i find it easy to rad english every d

20、ay. 我发现每天读英语很容易。只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。当find，think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。宾补nancy asked him to turn down the radio.my mother made me play the piano all the time.我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。注：1、在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略to。2、动词不定式作宾语补足语，与宾语有逻辑上的诸位关系。定语have you got anything to say? 你有要说的吗？不定式作定语，要放在所修饰

21、词的后面。状语im sorry to trouble you.（表原因）很抱歉，给你添麻烦了。i went to the library to study english.（表目的）我去图书馆学英语。不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。the teacher is telling the students what to do. 老师正告诉学生们做什么。he didnt know where to go. 他不知道去哪里。不定式常和疑问词what, which, when, where, how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。3）常接不定式作宾语的动词：offer to do sth. 主动

22、提出做某事promise to do sth. 答应做某事decide to do sth. 决定做某事manage to do sth. 设法成功完成某事wish/ hope to do sth. 希望做某事plan to do sth. 计划做某事learn to do sth. 学会做某事afford to do sth. 负担得起/ 承担得起做某事agree to do sth. 同意做某事be used to do sth. 被用来做某事refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事prepare to do sth. 准备做某事want to do sth. 想要做某事arrange to do sth. 安排做某事would like to do sth. 想要做某事used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 expect to do sth. 期望做某事pretend to do sth. 假装做某事随堂练习：i. 句