中考英语专题讲练：逻辑推理(解析版

1、中考英语专题讲练：逻辑推理（解析版）碇知识精讲一、逻辑推理题的分类逻辑推理题可分为：反义推理、进一步推理、情感推理和态度推理四类。其中，前两类 主要是从做题技巧上进行的分类，而后两类主要是从考查内容上进行分类。总结发现，中考 完形填空的考点经常是考查代表任务态度、观点和事件发展走向的。通常情况下，同学们此 部分题目的失分率相当高，要引起注意。二、反义推理题此类题型通常是指填空部分在语言表述上采用“否定之否定”的方式，进一步说明前后 文或后文已表达的语义。例如上文表述“我欣赏自己天才的一面”，卞文说“我厌恶自己 的一面”。填空部分可以通过“欣赏”和“厌恶”两词反义，推知欣赏“天才”， 而厌恶“平

2、庸”。正确答案“平庸”与原文“天才”相对应。这类题目通常以一对反义词为线索，寻找另一对反义词，从而推知正确的答案。通常， 可以通过某条件不成立或有变化，从而推知结呆相反或不同：可根据结果不同，从而推知原 因不同；也可根据选择A,从而推知不能选择与A相反或相对的事物等等。总之，这类题 型解题关键就是找出反义的对应词。三、进一步推理进一步推理主要指根据上卞文所提供的故事线索和已经发生的故爭脉络,按照因果关系 或常识等推断故事走向的题目。如上文说“奶奶给我几美元”，后文说“奶奶对我说，拿着 去给需要的人买东西。”可推知，空格处是拿着钱去买东西。此类题目数量最多，难度不一，相对比较复杂。有时是依据常识

3、进行推理，大部分还是 要根据上下文流露出的字里行间的语义进行合理推断。四、情感推理此类题目主要是指通过上下文线索，推断文章中人物的情感状况和情绪变化的一类题目。 情感通常是指喜、怒、哀、乐等各种情绪。情感推理题是从完形填空考查内容的角度进行分类。情感推理题的难点在于对各类不同 情感的辨析，了解相近情感的差异。这类题目出现的频率相当高，并且同学们的失分率也相 对较高。五、态度推理此类题目主要是指通过上下文线索，合理地推断文章中人物的态度及其变化。态度通常 是指同意与否、喜欢与否、肯定与否、判断和评价类等观点性题目。从词性角度分析，态度 推理题主要考查动词和形容词。建三点剖析考点：逻辑推理是中考完

4、形填空考查的重中之重。因为中考考查的重点集中在语言知识和语 言能力的理解运用上。完形填空正是检验学生们对于文章故事情节理解、判断、推测的能力。 在中考完形填空中，逻辑推理题大概占到60%80%的比例，在北京等一些地区所占的比例 会更高。随着逻辑推理所占比重的增加，完形填空的整体难度也随之不断提高。碇题模精选题模一：反义推理题例 2.1.1 Seasick means SICK BY THE MOVEMENT ON THE SEA When you are homesick, th己 only place you want to be is at home When you are seasic

5、k, you want to be is at seaAthe first placeCthe only placeB the last place D the safe place6 / 11第3页例 2.1.2 Animals behavior scientists want to 1 己arn how animal behave in their wild homes When animals live in cages or in zoos, they do not act the same as they do when they are C sadD angry例 2.2.1 On

6、 my way home I knocked into a stranger as he passed by. Oh, I m terribly sorry, ” I said Thst s all right Please excuse me too; I wasn t even1you I wish I didn t hurt you. We were very2 We said good一bye andon our way. But at home we often 3 our loved ones in a different way.1. A savingB helpingC cal

7、lingD noticing2.BC.A sadangrypoliteD proud3. A helpB treatC criticizeD encourage例 2.2.2“ I 11 do anything to get a good photo, ” he often said“ I 11 go annvhereat any time, even if it is And he told the truth. He had photos ofearthquakes, forest fires, floods and even warsAdangerousBnaturalCconvenie

8、ntDimpossible 题模三：情感推理题例 2.3.1 Then he saw the rest of his family were still in th car in the water. He took a big breath and swam back to save first Mac, and then Rosie Christopher, from England, said, “I didn t think about it and only knew I had to get them out. I was but it was all happening so f

9、ast, and I didn t really think aboutthe danger”AhurriedBfrightEndCexpectedDtired例 2.3.2 A young boy ran up to me, out of breath. He stood right before me with his head down and said, Look what I found! In his hand was a flowerA sadlyB strictlyCangrilyDexcitedly 题模四：态度推理题例 2.4.1 Back home, I told Ali

10、ce, It s time to answer your question. ” I put on己 apple of each kind on the table Then I looked at Alice, who had a lookon her facePeople all like apples They come in all different colors, shapes and sizes Some of the apples may not even look as the others ” As I was talking, Alice was examining ea

11、ch one carefullyAworriedBconfidentCproudDstrange例 2.4.2 After he graduated, the famous inventor Thomas Edison asked him to work in his lab but George He had other plans He started an agriculturalorganization for black students in AlabamaAacceptedBrefusedCunderstoodDcared随练2.1 It was Friday The foot

12、ball game was Saturday and we were very exci ted. My brother was going to be the quarterback （美式足球进攻组织者）for our team It was th first he would be in that1 He had been hoping to be the quarterbackever since he joined the tearn He said, That s the big job That s the one that makes th big differencev 中考

13、英语专题讲练：逻辑推理（解析版）My mo ther said, u2, son That st he big targEt, too. You know the o ther3 want to knock you down. You can get hurt”“Don t worry, I* m so4and I m fast Besides, I have great playerswho will 5 them from coming at me. my brother saidI couldn， t6well the whole nigh t I worried about my br

14、other My mot herwas 7he could get hurtThe next morning, he 8 early to get to the game When we got there, itwas about to st art The 9 ran out on th field My brot her looked great He saw us and 10Then it started. They were playing hard One player in particular from the other team kept11at him Then it

15、happened He knocked my brother down My brotherwas slow to get up. My mother was screaming （尖） The coach ran out on the field He told my brother to 12 some time on the bench He was afraid he had beenhur tMy mother ran down to 13 on my brother But all he did was a smile 46 It s justabruis己（瘀伤） I m fin

16、e And don? t worry, I * 11 be back This is14I love leading the tearnAfter that game, my brother plays quar terback every Saturda y. But my mot her is still 15 She can* t go to th己 games She just waits at home and hopes tosee him walking in smiling随练2.2 It is important to have positive feelings in ou

17、r daily life Compared 1 some unhappy people, those who are always pleased and relaxedare less likely to suffer from colds, 2 a new study. The researchers fromNew York University said, u3 helps the body prevent diseasesIt seems that positiv己 feelings may reduce the 4 of illness, ” saidthe chief resea

18、rcher Sheldon Cohen.In an earlier study, Cohen found that people who were 5 caught coldsless often And they seldom t old their doctors that they felt 6In this study, Cohen* s tearn interviewed 193 adults every day for two weeks In this7 , the people told researchers about 8 happy or sad feelingsthat

19、 day. Two weeks later, all of them were made to catch colds by doctors, and they had to stay 9 in a room for six daysThe results 10 that each in the study was equal to fall i 11. 11 people who were lively and relaxed said they felt happy during the research Their illnesses were less serious and last

20、ed for a 12 time.Cohen believes that 13 people have positive feelings, their body mayproduce a kind of chemical that helps to14 illnesses So if you15your hea 1th, please look on the bright side and make yourself happy all the time 随练2.3 The first note I ever wrote for my mother said uHi, Mom! Have a

21、 nice day! Love, Marie! ” I was twelve when I wrote it, and I folded the1 intoher change purseMy mother worked as a cleaner in a clothing factory. I knew that when she 2meals in the dining hall, she would have to look for change in her purse I didn，t know that she would 3 that note, and always carry

22、 it with herFrom the day that I 4 folded the small piece of paper into my mot her* schange purse, she and I left each other 5 notes They would be put in the fridge, under a lamp, or beside the TV set I 6found one hidden in my shoe From the out side, our notes may have been general 7 of our days, ide

23、as and wishes But to my mot her and8, t hey were a lifelinea communication with each other that no one else 9On Octo ber 20, 2009, my mot her died after a long illness I stood near her bed, 10 her hand I didnt cry the day my mom died, 11 I didnt cry a week later when I went to collect her things I w

24、as so thankful that she no longer had aches and 12Recently, I found a note that my mom had13me. It had been hidden in the14of my favorite childhood book for years It read uDear Marie, I love you always Miss you a lot Don，t forget me. Be 15! Love, Momv That day, I cried题模反义推理题例 2.1.1【答案】B【解析】 考查了反义推理

25、。本题把“homesick”与“seasick”相对照。在homesick的情况 卜 “ the only place you want to be is at home ”，反义推理可知 homesick 时，sea 是“最不想呆 的地方”。故选B。例 2.1.2【答案】B【解析】 考查学生反义推理。该空前半句“ When animals live in cages or in zoos ,表示不 自由”，由后文“donotacrr/iesame”可推知填空处与前文相反，表示“自由的”。故选B。题模二进步推理题 例 2.2.1【答案】DCB【解析】1.考查进一步推理。前文提到“On my w

26、ay home I knocked into a stranger as he passed by”,后文第1空给出了 “撞到”的原因。根据常识可推知是没“注意到”。故选D。2. 考查进一步推理。后文Oh, Im terribly sorry/1 said. ”“ Thats all right. Please excuse me too. 到此为止两个人说话都很客气，可以推知第2空答案应该是“polite”有礼貌的。故选C。3. 考查进一步推理。表示转折，可推知下文描述的是“同样的状况，不一样的态度”。 第3空选项he/p帮助，treat对待,criticize批评，encourage鼓励。

27、只H treat表示双方相互 之间的态度，符合语义。故选B。例 2.2.2【答案】A【解析】考查进一步推理。后文提到He had photos of earthquakes, forest fires, floods andeven wars.f描写的都是非常危险的时刻，可推知该空表示“危险”。故选A。题模三：情感推理题例 2.3.1【答案】B【解析】 考查情感推理。后文“but it was all happening so fast, and I didnt really think about the danger”说明事情发生的非常突然，尽管我的情绪是负面的，感到非常害怕，但为了救 人

28、，顾不得考虑其中的危险。故选B。例 2.3.2【答案】D【解析】 考查情感推理。由前文“ran up to me, out of breath M和后文小男孩的话“Look what I found”可推知小男孩迫不及待地想跟作者分享新的收获，情感是正面积极的。故选D。题模四：态度推理题例 2.4.1【答案】D【解析】 考查态度推理。根据后文爱丽丝听我说话时的表现“Alice was examining each one carefully”可推知爱丽丝不明白我要做什么，对我把苹果摆在那里的举动感到很奇怪。故选 Do例 2.4.2【答案】B6 / 11第9页中考英语专题讲练：逻辑推理（解析版）

29、解析】 考查态度推理。前文提到 “ the famous inventor Thomas Edison asked him to work in his lab”,后文bM表示转折，可推知他对此事的态度是否定的，没有接受这个工作。故选B。随堂练习随练2.1【答案】DCBDA CACBCDABCC【解析】本文讲述了作者的哥哥是他们团队的四分卫。这是他第一次在那个位置上。自从 他加入球队，他一直希望能当四分卫。他的妈妈担心他会受伤。比赛开始后另一队的一个球 员撞倒了他。但他所做的只是一个微笑。1. 考査名词及语境理解。game “比赛”，list “清单”，show u表演”，place “位置，

30、地方”根 据上下句的quarterback （美式足球进攻组织者），可以知道是第一次打这个位置，故选D。2. 考查短语及语境理解。go ahead 进行，先行一步”，take it easy 放松”，be careful 小 心”，well done 做得好”。根据上下文可知，妈妈让哥哥要小心一点，故选C。3. 题考查名词及语境理解 parents “父母亲”，player “球员”，fans “粉丝”，stranger 陌生 人”，根据上下文可知，是指“其他的球员想要击倒你”，故选B。4. 考查形容词及语境理解。handsome “帅气的”，healthy “健康的”，brave u勇敢的”

31、，strong “强壮的”，由上下文可知哥哥认为自己是强壮的并且速度很快。故选D。5. 考查动词及语境理解。stop “阻止,停止”,help “帮助”,protect 保护”,hide “隐藏”, 根据上下文可知，哥哥是指自己有一群队友将会帮助他阻止对方球员靠近他。故选A。6. 考査动词及语境理解。behave “表现”，play “玩,踢（足球）”，sleep “睡觉”,dream “做 梦，梦想”，根据上下文，作者因为担心哥哥，所以无法睡好。故选C。7. 考查形容词及语境理解。right“对的”，sad悲伤的, angry生气的”，excited“兴奋的”， 由上下文可知，作者想要表达妈

32、妈是对的，故选A。8. 考查动词及语境理解。rest “休息”，exercise 锻炼”，left “离开”，return “返回，归还”， 根据上下文，哥哥是很早离开家去参加比赛，故选C。9. 考査名词及语境理解。family 家人”,team “队友,团队”，coach （教练”，crowd “群众”， 根据文章可知我看到的是我的brother,他属于team中一员。故选B。10. 考查动词及语境理解。laugh “大笑”，nod “点头”，great “问候”，cheer “欢呼”。通过 文章可知这里是问候，故选C。.考査动词及语境理解。point “指着”，shout u大声叫喊”，l

33、ook “看”，rush “冲向”，通7 / 11第7页中考英语专题讲练：逻辑推理（解析版）过下文可知，把哥哥撞倒，应该是“冲向”，故选D。12. 考查固定搭配及语境理解。花点时间在长椅上休息一会儿，花时间take some time; waste some time浪费时间：save some time节约时间；kill some time打发时间。故选A。13. 考查固定搭配及语境理解。句意：妈妈冲下去检查哥哥的伤势，检查check on。故选B。14. 形容词辨析及语境理解。从哥哥后面的话说，他喜欢带领这个团队可以看出，哥哥现在 的感觉是greato故选C。15. 考查形容词及语境理解。

34、根据文章：那场比赛之后，哥哥依旧是足球队的组织者，但是 母亲依旧很担心他，答案为anxious。故选C。随练2.2【答案】BDADC BCBADACDBA【解析】 在我们口常生活中，拥有积极的情绪很重要。研究表明，活跃、快乐的人不容易 生病，就是生病了也不严重，持续的时间也短。因此，如果你关心自己的健康，请看到事物 阳光的一面，每天开心吧。1考查介词及语境理解。Compare A. toB,把人比作B,把人与B作比较（之比较两者中的 相似处）；compare A. with 把人与B作比较（比较两者中相似和非相似处），把平时快乐 的人与不快乐的人作比较，是对其相似及不相似处都做对比，用comp

35、are with,故选B。2. 考查短语介词及语境理解。句意：根据一项新的研究。A. as/or至于，对于；B. because of因为，后跟短语；C. instead of而不是，代替，后跟名词及名词性短语；D. according to 根据，据.所说。根据一项新的研究，用according toa故选D。3. 考查分词短语及语境理解。句意：高兴帮助身体预防疾病。A. Being happy高兴：B. Being careful细心；C. Being angry生气；D. Being nervous焦虑。根据研究结果，开心放松者比 不开心者少感冒，可以推测出，高兴可以帮助身体抵御病魔。故

36、选A。4. 考查名词及语境理解。句意：好像枳极的情绪可以减少疾病：A. hope希望；B. safety安 全；C. freedom自由；D. danger危险。根据短文大意，可以推测出，情绪好，不易生病， 可以减少生病的危险。故选D。5. 考查形容词及语境理解。句意：在一份更早的研究中，寇恩发现高兴的人更少得感冒。A, painful痛苦的；B. proud骄傲的：C. cheerful高兴的：D. c/eve厂聪明的。短文指出心 情高兴的人更少生病，故选C。6. 考查形容词及语境理解。句意：而且他们很少告诉医生，他们感到不舒服o/A. active活跃；B. uncomfortable不舒

37、服；C. scared害怕；D. comfortable舒服。根据语境，很少说出消 极”的词，告诉医生，可以推测出是不舒服：uncomfortable.故选B。7考查介词及语境理解。句意：寇恩的小组对193位成年人两周内每天采访，在这期间，人 们给研究员讲述那一天他们高兴或悲伤的感受。A. moment片亥ij； B. fie/d领域;C. period 期间；D. 时代。在那两周里，在那个期间里，用period。故选C。8. 考查代词及语境理解。句意：在这期间，人们给研究员讲述那一天他们高兴或悲伤的感受。 A. themselves他们自己,反身代词;B.也前他们的，形容词性物主代词,后跟被

38、修饰的名 词；C. its它的，指动物或事物；D. theirs他们的，名词性物主代词，后不跟被修饰词。 本句后跟了“feelings,用形容词性物主代词也e讥 故选B。9. 考查副词及语境理解。句意：两周后，所有人都因为医生而得了感冒，并且他们不得不在 个房间里呆六天。A. a/one单独地；B. hard/y几乎不：C. lonely孤独地；D. brave勇敢 的。因为得了感冒，不得不单独留在房间里，单独：alone.故选A。10. 考查动词及语境理解。句意：结果表明研究中的每个人都同样生病了。A. expected期待， 预料；B. reminded提醒：C. agreed同意，赞同：

39、D. showed出示，显示。研究结果显示 出，每人都生病了。故选Do11. 考查连词及语境理解。句意：但是有活力的轻松的人们在研究中会感到快乐。人家都生 病了，但是轻松有活力的人们感到快乐，表示含义转折，用bM。故选A。12. 考查形容词及语境理解。句意：他们的病不严重，而且持续了较短的时间。A. longer更 长的；B. /ewer更少的，修饰可数名词；C. shorter更短的；D. more更多的。根据语境和 短文含义，心态好的人们不易生病，生病也不严重，病的持续时间较短。故选C。13. 考查关系词及语境理解。当情绪积极时，就有一种可以帮助战胜疾病的化学药品产 生于体内。表示时间，故

40、选D。14. 考查动词及语境理解。句意：当人们有积极的情绪时，他们的身体内会产生一种战胜疾 病的化学药品。A. a厅ord负担得起；B. /Zg加战斗：C. cost花费；D. support支持。产生 一种可以与疾病作战的化学药品，故选B.。15. 考查动词短语及语境理解。句意：所以，如呆你关心你的健康，请看爭物光明的一面并 且使自己永远快乐。A. care about关心，关注；B. look for寻找；C. pick up拾起，捡起； D. get over战胜,克服。对自己的健康关心：care abouto故选A。随练2.3【答案】ACBAC CDBAD ABDCB【解析】本文叙述了作者和她的妈妈之间一直用便条进行交流，这也是她们之间的秘密， 她们彼此之间都互相祝福和鼓励，生活中充满了乐趣。1. 考查名词及语境的理解。句意：我把便条折叠好放进了她的零钱包里。这里根据The first 13 / 11第9页中考英语专题讲练：逻辑推理（解析版）note I ever wrote for my mother nf知，是作者第一次给妈妈写的便条。故选A。2. 考查动词及语境的理解。句意：我知道当她在餐厅买饭的时候，她用在钱包里的零钱。根 据 she would