中考英语专题复习一：名词考点讲解和训练

1、中考英语专题复习一：名词考点讲解和训练【考点直击】1可数名词和不可数名词的用法；2名词所有格的构成及用法；3近义名词的辨析。【名师点睛】一、名词的数1单数和复数可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“-s”构成，其主要变法如下：（ 1）一般情况在词尾加 -s，例如： bookbooks ， girl girls， boyboys ，pen pens,doctor doctors, boy。 boys（ 2） 以 s，x， ch， sh，结尾的词加 -es，例如： busbuses，class classes， boxboxes，watch watches， brush

2、brushes。（ 3）以 ce, se, ze,（ d） ge 结尾的名词加s，例如： orange oranges。（ 4）以辅音母加y 结尾的词变 “y”“为i再”加 -es,例如： city cities, factoryfactories,country countries, family families。但要注意的是以元音字母加y 结尾的名词的复数形式只加s，如： boyboys, day days。（ 5）以 o 结尾的词多数都加 -es。例如 :hero heroes，potato potatoes， tomato tomatoes,但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s。例如：

3、zoozoos，radio radios，还有某些外来词也只加 -s，例如： photo photos， piano pianos。（ 6） 以 f 或 fe 结尾的词，多数变 f 为 v 再加 -es，例如： knife knives， leaf leaves,half halves。复数词尾 s（或 es）的读音方法如下表所示。复数词尾 s（或 es）的读音方法情 况读法例词在 ptkf等清辅音后scups, hats, cakes在 sztF 等音后izglasses, pages, oranges, buses, watches,faces在 bdv 等浊辅音后zbeds, dogs,

4、 cities, knives（ 7）少数名词有不规则的复数形式，例如：manmen ， womanwomen ，tooth teeth，foot feet， child children， mouse mice。【注意 】与 man 和 woman 构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men 和 -women 。例如： anEnglishman ，two Englishmen 。但 German 不是合成词， 故复数形式为Germans；man, woman等作定语时，它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定，如：menworkers， womenteachers。有个别名词单复数一样，例如：Chi

5、nese，Japanese， sheep， deer， fish 等。但当 fish 表示不同种类的鱼时，可以加复数词尾。（ 8）单数形式但其意为复数的名词有：people, police 等。（ 9）数词 +名词作定语时， 这个名词一般保留单数形式，中间加连字符。 例如：ten-minutes walk, an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk。1（ 10）还有些名词仅有复数形式， 如：trousers，clothes，chopsticks，glasses，goods，ashes，scissors， compasses。（ 11）只用作单数的复数形式的名词有：

6、科学名词： physics, mathematics/maths游戏名称： bowls专有名词： the United States, Niagara Falls其他名词： news, falls2不可数名词“量 ”的表示方法在英语中，不可数名词如果要表示“量 ”的概念，可以用以下两种方法：（ 1）用 much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any 等表示多少，例如： The rich man has a lot of money There is some milk in the bottle Is there any water in the gla

7、ss？I dont like winter because theres too much snow and ice （ 2）用 a piece of 这类定语，例如：a piece of paper a piece of wood a piece of breada bottle of orange a glass of water （ milk ） a cup of teaa cup of tea a bag of rice three bags of rice如果要表示 “两杯茶 ”、 “四张纸 ”这类概念时，在容器后加复数，例如：two cups of teafour pieces o

8、f paperthree glasses of water不可数名词也可用 a lot of, lots of, some, any, much 等来修饰。二、名词的所有格名词所有格，用来表示人或物的所有，以及领属关系。1.表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加s,其复数形式是 s，例如： a students room,students rooms, fathers shoes。2.如其结尾不是 s 的复数形式仍加s，如： Childrens Day 。3.在表示时间、 距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用s，例如：a twentyminutes walk ， ten mil

9、es journey ， a boats length，two pounds weight, ten dollars worth 。4.无生命名词的所有格则必须用of 结构，例如：a map of China，the end of this term ，the capitalof our country, the color of the flowers 。5. 双重所有格，例如： a friend of my fathers 。【注意】如果两个名词并列，并且分别有s，则表示 “分别有 ”，例如： Johns and Marys rooms（约翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间）；Toms and Ma

10、rys bikes （两人各自的自行车）。两个名词并列，只有一个 s，则表示 “共有 ”，例如： John and Marys room （约翰和玛丽共有一间）； Tom and Marys mother （即 Tom 与 Mary 是兄妹）。【实例解析】1.These _ have saved many children s lives.A. woman doctorsB. women doctorC. women doctorsD. woman doctor答案： C。该题考查的是名词作定语时的变化。woman 作定语时要和被修饰的名词保持2数的一致。2.This is _ bedroom

11、. The twin sisters like it very much.A. Anne and JaneB. Anne s and JanesC. Anne s and JaneD. Anne and Janes答案： D。该题考查的是并列名词的所有格。两人共有一个房间时，只在后面的名词后加s。3.-Are there any _ on the farm?-Yes, there are some.A. horseB. duckC. chickenD. sheep答案： D。该题考查的是特殊名词的复数形式。从谓语动词来判断，主语应该是复数名词。只有 sheep 可用作复数名词。4.-What

12、would you like to drink, _ or orange?-Orange, please.A. hamburgerB. chipC. tea答案： C。该题考查的是名词的类别。三种东西中只有tea 能喝。【中考演练】一. 单项填空1 - Where have you been, Tim?- I ve been to _.A. the Henry houseB. the Henry familyC. The Henry s home D. Henry s2 In England, if _ is in the middle of the day, the evening meal

13、 is called supper.A. foodB. lunchC. breakfastD. dinner3 You looked for it twice, but you havenfound it. Whytnot try _ .A. three timesB. a third timeC. the third timeD. once4 - They are thirsty. Will you please give them _ ?- Certainly.A. some bottles of watersB. some bottles of waterC. some bottle o

14、f waterD. some bottle of waters5 Mike hurt one of his _ in the accident yesterday.A. toothB. feetC. handD. ear6 There is some _ on the plate.A. cakesB. meatC. potatoD. pears7 In England, the last name is the_ .A. family nameB. middleC. given nameD. full name8 The are going to fly _ to Beijing.A. Ger

15、menB. GermanyC. GermanysD. Germans9 The_ has two _ .A. boys; watchesB. boy; watchC. boy; watchesD. boys; watch10 The little baby has two _ already.A. toothB. toothsC. teethD. teeths11 What s your _ for being late again?A. ideaB. keyC. excuseD. news12 - It s dangerous here. We d better go out quickly

16、.3- But I think we should let _ go out first.A. woman and childrenB. women and childC. woman and childD. women and children13 - You can see Mr. Smith if there is a sign“ _” on the door of his shop.- Thanks.A.ENTRANCEB.BUSINESS HOURSC.THIS SIDE UPD.NO SMOKING14 Are they going to have a picnic on _ ?A

17、. Childrens Day B. Childrenss DayC. Childrens DayD. Children Day15 Where are the students? Are they in _ ?A. the Room 406 B. Room 406 C. the 406 Room D. 406 Room 二. 根据下列句子的情景及所给汉语注释，写出所缺单词。1. We ve got a lot of new杂(志 ) in our school library.2. Please turn to another _ （频道） , I don t like this show.

18、3. Yesterday the _(航班 ) to London was put off because of the bad weather.4. Autumn is my favourite(季节 )5. -How many _( 小刀 ) do you have?-Three.6. _ are widely used in the modern world.7. June 1st is _(儿童 ) Day.8. Mary, would you please tell me your new _( 地址 ) so that I can write to you.9. -Does thi

19、s piece of _( 音乐 ) sound nice?-Yes. It s wonderful!10. May 12 th is the International _( 护士 ) Day. Let s say“ Thanks ” to them for their work.三. 根据句意和所给首字母写出所缺的单词。1.“ What s your n_?”“ Li Lei. ”2. How many d_ does your uncle have?3. Please close the w_. It s cold outside.4. If you want study English well, you must pay attention to your p_.5. A comput