解读设计方案的人性化成为评价设计方案优劣的最佳标准

1、解读设计的人性化成为评价设计优劣的最佳标准 Read the humanized design the best standard of design quality evaluation 人性化设计是以人为中心和尺度的 ,满足人的生理和心理需要、物质和精神需要。营造舒适 、高雅的居住空间 ,使人们享受空间的使用趣味和快感。人性得以充分的释放与满足。人的 心理更加健康、情感更加丰富、人性更加完善,达到人物和谐。从而真正实现科技以人为本 的目的。 Humanized design is people-centered and scale, to meet peoples physiologica

2、l and psychological needs, material and spiritual needs. Create a comfortable, elegant living space, make people enjoy the space use of fun and pleasure. Humanity was able to fully release and satisfaction. The persons psychology healthy, feeling more rich, human nature to be more perfect, achieve h

3、armony. So as to achieve the purpose of people-oriented science and technology. 现代设计其实已经渗入到社会的每一个环节与人们生活的方方面面。而今,倡导“人性化 ”已, 经被作为现代设计理念融入到人们的生活之中。无论是衣食住行,还是精神享受 ,都提出了 “ 人性化 ”的设计要求。在设计行业随着世界经济蓬勃发展的今天 ,“人性化 ”的设计观念早已 经深入到设计的各个领域 ,无论是建筑、纺织、服装还是机械 ,都在追求着对于 “人性化 ”的表 现,现代产品设计纵然也不例外 ,设计的人性化已经成为设计的一个基本出发点,成为评

4、价设 计优劣的最佳标准。 Modern design has penetrated into every aspect of society and every aspect of peoples life. Today, advocating human nature, as a modern design concept has been integrated into peoples life. Both in food and clothing live line, and spirit to enjoy, put forward the humanization design req

5、uirements. In design industry with the world economy booming today, the design idea of the human nature is changed has already deep into all sorts of design, construction, textile, garment or machinery, are in pursuit for human, though the modern product design is no exception, design of human natur

6、e design has become one of the basic starting point, the best standard of design quality evaluation. 、人性化设计以满足人的需求为目的 One, the humanized design to meet the needs of the people for the purpose 人性化设计要求设计要尊重人的价值,要首先以满足人的需求为目的。人的需求是多方面的, 在基本物质生活满足以后 ,高一级的精神需求就成为主要需求 ,而不管是物质的还是精神的需 求都是以将二者相统一的产品形式来体现的。 H

7、umanization design design should respect peoples value, should first of all to meet the needs of the people, for the purpose. Mans demand is various, after the basic material life satisfied, high level of spiritual demand becomes the main demand, whether material or spiritual needs are in the form t

8、o reflect the unity of both products. 美国心理学家马斯洛将人的需求大致分为五个层次:生理需要、安全需要、感情需要、尊重 需要、自我实现的需要。进一步讲 ,产品的人性化设计主要从两层面满足人的需要,一是生理 和心理层面需要的满足 ,人性化的设计观要求在 “以人为本 ”的思路指导下 ,将设计的重点放在 如何使产品更适合人的使用上。现代人机工程学对人体生理和心理的研究已经较为完善,设 计师主要借助人机工程学来使产品适应人的生理、心理特点和使用习惯,提高产品在使用中 的便利性和宜人性。 American psychologist maslows demand to

9、 roughly divided into five levels: physiological needs, security needs, emotional needs, esteem needs, self-fulfillment needs. Further, the humanized design of products mainly from two aspects to meet the needs of the people, is a physiological and psychological need satisfaction, humanization desig

10、n concept in under the guidance of people- oriented thinking, the design focuses on how to make the product more suitable for human use. Modern ergonomics on human physiological and psychological research has relatively perfect, designer mainly by means of man-machine engineering to make products to

11、 adapt to human physiological and psychological characteristics and habits, improve the product in the use of the convenience and agreeableness. 第二个层面是审美和文化层面的需求。人性化的设计观要求产品设计要从人对美的评价标 准出发 ,通过对造型、材质、色彩等方面的合理组合,给产品的使用者带来审美的愉悦。产品 的文化价值的需求涉及到社会价值观念、民族习俗、伦理道德等诸多方面的内容,这就要求 设计师在设计之前要通过细致的调查分析,了解目标消费者在上述范畴

12、内的喜恶倾向,并依靠 自身敏锐的感知力对产品功能和形式加以预测。 The second level is the aesthetic and cultural level of demand. Humanization design concept to evaluation standards of beauty from product design, through the reasonable combination of the shape, material, color, etc, and brings to the users of products aesthetic ple

13、asure. Cultural value of the product demand involves social values, customs, ethics, and many other aspects of content, which requires the designer to through detailed investigation and analysis before design, learn the target consumers in the realm of likes and dislikes tendency, and to rely on the

14、ir keen perception on product function and form to predict them. 二、人机工程学运用与人性化设计 Second, man-machine engineering and humanization design 现代工业产品很多都标榜自己的设计符合人机工程学原理,并以此为卖点。究竟什么样的产 品需要人机工程呢 ?在设计上又如何表现 ,才能成为符合人机工程学的产品呢 ? 仅从工业设计这一范畴来看 ,大至宇航系统、城市规划、建筑设施、自动化工厂、机械设备 、交通工具 ,小至家具、服装、文具以及盆、杯、碗筷之类各种生产与生活所创造的“物

15、”在, 设计和制造时都必须把 “人的因素 ”作为一个重要的条件来考虑。若将产品类别区分为专业 用品和一般用品的话 ,专业用品在人机工程上则会有更多的考虑,它比较偏重于生理学的层面 。而一般性产品则必须兼顾心理层面的问题,需要更多的符合美学及潮流的设计,也就是应以 产品人性化的需求为主。 Design of modern industrial products many styles himself in line with the ergonomics principle, and as a selling point. Actually what kind of product need t

16、he man-machine engineering? In design and how to behave, to be in line with the ergonomics of the product? Only from the point of this category of industrial design, to the space system, urban planning, building facilities, factory automation, mechanical equipment, transportation tools, as small as

17、furniture, clothing, stationery and POTS, cups, chopsticks and so on all kinds of production and life has created the content, in the design and manufacture all must take human factors as an important condition to consider. If the product category is divided into professional supplies and general su

18、pplies, professional articles on the man-machine engineering, there will be more consideration, it is biased towards physiology level 。 And general product must both psychological problem, need more in line with the aesthetics and the trend of design, should give priority to with products personaliz

19、ed demand. 人机工程学的显著特点是 ,在认真研究人、机、环境三个要素本身特性的基础上,不单纯着眼 于个别要素的优良与否 ,而是将使用 “物 ”的人和所设计的 “物 ”以及人与 “物”所共处的环境作 为一个系统来研究。在人机工程学中将这个系统称为 “人 机 环境 ”系统。这个系统中 ,人、机、环境三个要素之间相互作用、相互依存的关系决定着系 统总体的性能。本学科的人机系统设计理论,就是科学地利用三个要素间的有机联系来寻求 系统的最佳参数。 以美菱冰箱针对农村市场的人性化设计为例,在产品设计上 ,美菱除了沿用防潮、防锈材料等 特殊设计外 ,还将节能、宽电压启动、- 10 c环温下启动等个

20、性化功能加入到了此次特意设计的产品当中，让农村消费者感觉到实 用”。比如 ,针对农村老鼠较多的问题,专门增设了防鼠装置。针对农村较富裕的消费者,专门 设计三门冰箱。针对农村灰尘较大的特点，在冰箱门体上方增设了翻盖。针对节省电费的需 求，推出了日耗电量仅 0.29度的超节能冰箱 ，这款产品三天耗电不到一度，是中标冰箱品牌中最 省电的一款冰箱 ! Ergonomics marked characteristics is in serious human， machine and environment characteristics on the basis of the three elemen

21、ts itself， not just focus on the individual elements of the good or not， but will use the physical and the design of things and the coexistence of man and things environment as a system to study. In ergonomics， the system is referred to as the human - machine - environment system. In this system， pe

22、ople， machine and environment interactions among three elements， interdependent relationship determines the overall performance of the system. The man-machine system design theory， this subject is to use the organic links between the three elements to seek the best parameters of the system. To mei l

23、ing refrigerator according to the humanized design of rural markets， for example， in product design， beautiful shoes in addition to continue to use material moisture， rust and other special design， also the energy saving， wide voltage start， ring - 10 c temperature under start joined the personaliza

24、tion features such as specially designed products， make rural consumers feel utility. Aiming at the problem of rural mice more， for example， specially added rat device 。 In view of the more affluent consumers in rural areas， specially designed three-door refrigerators 。 According to the characterist

25、ics of the rural dust is bigger， added above the refrigerator door cover。 For saving electricity demand， introduced the power consumption is only 0.29 degrees of super energy saving refrigerator, once this product power consumption is less than three days, is the most power in the winning refrigerat

26、or brand fridge! 除了一般的大众消费品之外 ,专为特殊族群所设计的产品在人机工程学上也有更多的考虑。 如,残疾人用的瓷器套具 ,此套设计是专为残疾人做的餐具 ,又不让人直接看出它们是专为残 疾人做的。故而 ,设计师在充分考虑了人机工程学的基础上,特别处理手把的凹凸 ,使患者拿 在手里有一种心态上的平衡感 ,既能看到 ,又能摸到 ,但又不那么显眼。 In addition to the general public consumer goods, especially designed for the special group of products also have mor

27、e considerations on ergonomics. For example, people with disabilities use porcelain kit, this set of tableware design is designed for people with disabilities do, dont let people see that they are directly is designed for people with disabilities. So, designers on the basis of fully consider the erg

28、onomics, especially of dealing with the hand of concave and convex, make the patient in his hand there is a state of mind on the sense of balance, can not only see, can touch again, but not so conspicuous. 三、产品设计在美学基础上的人性化设计 3, product design based on aesthetics of humanized design 工业产品的审美功能要求产品的形象有

29、优美的形态,给人以美的享受。设计者根据形式法则 、时代特征、民族风格 ,通过点、线、面、空间、色彩、肌理等一系列的要素,构成形象 ,产 生审美价值。人们的审美观在诸多因素的影响下,总是在不断的变化的 ,所以工业产品造型设 计需不断总结经验 ,灵活地将美学法则运用与人性化设计 ,创造出有特色的产品形象。产品任 何一种特征内容或含义都必须通过产品本身来体现,而要体现产品的人性化 ,就得从产品的要 素上着手 ,分析产品的各种形式要素。通过设计的形式要素 造型、色彩、装饰等的变化来实现产品的人性化设计。 Industrial products aesthetic function of product

30、 image has a graceful shape, give a person with beautiful enjoyment. Designers, according to the laws, era characteristics, national style, the form by dot, line, face, space, color, texture and so on a series of elements, constitute the image, aesthetic value. The aesthetic view of people under the

31、 influence of many factors, is always in constant change, so the industrial product modeling design must constantly sum up experience, flexibly apply laws of aesthetics and humanized design, create a distinctive image of the product. Any kind of characteristic content products or meaning must be emb

32、odied by the product itself, and should embody human products, have to start from the elements of a product, analysis of product form elements. Through the design elements - in the form of modelling, colour, decoration and other changes to realize humanization design of the product. 1. 产品造型的人性化设计 1.

33、 Product modeling of humanized design 造型是营造主题的一个重要方面 ,主要通过产品的尺度、形状、比例及层次关系对心理体验 的影响 ,让用户产生拥有感、成就感、亲切感 ,同时还应营造必要的环境氛围使人产生夸张、 含蓄、趣味、愉悦、轻松、神秘等不同的心理情绪。通过产品造型形态体现一定的指示性 特征 ,暗示人们该产品的使用方式、操作方式。通过造型形态相似性如裁纸刀的进退刀按钮 设计为大拇指的负形并设计有凸筋 ,不仅便于刀片的进退操作暗示它的使用方式,许多水果刀 或切菜刀也设计为负形以指示手握的位置。通过造型的因果联系如旋钮的造型采用周边侧 面凹凸纹槽的多少、粗细

34、这种视觉形态,以传达出旋钮是精细的微调还是大旋量的粗调。容 器利用开口的大小来暗示所盛放东西的贵重与否、用量多少和保存时间长度等。 Modelling is an important aspect of construction theme, mainlythrough the product dimension, shape, scale and hierarchy of the influence of psychological experience, let users have feeling, a sense of achievement, kindness, but also s

35、hould create the necessary environment atmosphere, make the person produces exaggeration, implicative, fun, happy, relaxed, mystery, etc. Different psychological feeling. Through product modelling reflect certain indicative characteristics, suggests that the way people actually use the product, mode

36、 of operation. Through modelling morphological similarity, such as paper knife cutting button design for the thumb in the negative form and have the convex rib design, not only facilitate the blade and operation hints of how it is used, many fruit knife or knife is designed for negative space to den

37、ote the position of the hand. Through formative causation such as knob shape using the peripheral side of concave and convex groove, the thickness, this visual form to convey the big knob is fine tuning or spinor rough adjustment。 Container using the size of the openings to suggest that the dosage o

38、f the hold things is expensive or not, how much length and save the time and so on. 通过产品形态特征还能表现出产品的象征性,主要体现在产品本身的档次、性质和趣味性等 ,包括零件之间的过渡、 方面。通过形态语言体现出产品的技术特征、产品功能和内在品质 表面肌理、色彩搭配等方面的关系处理,体现产品的优异品质、精湛工艺。通过形态语言把 握好产品的档次象征 ,体现某一产品的等级和与众不同 ,往往通过产品标志、常用的局部典型 造型或色彩手法、材料甚至价格等来体现，如标志“ Braun象征剃须刀无与伦比的档次,象征 物主的

39、富有及地位但仅作为计时用的金表等。通过产品形态语言也能体现产品的安全象征, 在电器类、机械类及手工工具类产品设计中具有重要意义 ,体现在使用者的生理和心理两个 方面 ,著名品牌、浑然饱满、整体形态、工艺精细、色泽沉稳都会给人以心理上的安全感,合 理的尺寸、避免无意触动的按钮开关设计等会给人生理上的安全感。 Through product shape characteristic also can show the symbolic products, mainly reflected in the grade of the product itself, nature and interest

40、, etc. Through the form languages reflect the technical features of the product, product feature and inherent quality, including the transition between the parts, surface texture, colour collocation relationship of processing, products of excellent quality, exquisite craft. Through language to grasp

41、 well the grade of the product form symbol, reflects the level of a product and distinctive, often through product marks, the commonly used local typical shape or color technique, material and price, etc to reflect, such as the logo Braun symbol of the grade of the razor is unmatched, symbolizes the

42、 owners wealth and status only as timing with a gold watch, etc. Through product shape language symbol that can reflect the safety of the product, also in electrical appliances, machinery and hand tools plays an important role in product design, reflected in the users physiological and psychological

43、 two aspects, famous brand, full, overall shape, exquisite workmanship, colour and lustre composed will give a person with a psychological sense of security, reasonable size, avoid accidentally touches of push button switch design, give a person physical security. 2. 产品色彩的人性化设计 2. Product color of h

44、umanized design 色作为产品的色彩外观,不仅具备审美性和装饰性,而且还具备符号意义和象征意义。作为视 觉审美的核心 ,色彩深刻地影响着人们的视觉感受和情绪状态。产品设计中的色彩暗示人们 的使用方式和提醒人们的注意,如传统照相机大多以黑色为外壳表面,显示其不透光性 ,同时 提醒人们注意避光 ,并给人以专业的精密严谨感,而现代数码相机则以银色、灰色以及更多鲜 明的色彩系列作为产品的色彩呈现。色彩设计应依据产品表达的主题,体现其诉求。而对色 ,反映着追求时代潮 彩的感受还受到所处时代、社会、文化、地区及生活方式、习俗的影响 流的倾向 ,如 “干燥椅 ”她,的结构很简单 ,但是给人一种十

45、分新颖的感觉 ,原因是他采用多种色 彩的苯胺或油漆自然上色 ,或是进行抛光处理 ,色彩非常的丰富 ,十分的大胆和有创意思 ,取得 了料想不到的效果 .原因是她的色彩和普通的椅子的不一样,十分适合那些追求个性化需求的 消费者的需求。 Color as the color of the product appearance, not only has the aesthetic and decorative, but also has symbolic significance and symbolic significance. At the core of visual aesthetics,

46、 color profoundly affects peoples visual perception and emotional state. Suggests that the way people actually use the colour in the product design and remind peoples attention, such as traditional camera in black for shell surface, mostly showed its opaque, remind people to pay attention to avoid t

47、he light at the same time, and give a person with professional precision rigour, and modern digital cameras with silver, gray, and more vibrant colors series as the color of the product. Express the theme of the color design should be based on the product, reflect their demands. For color feeling is

48、 time, society, culture, region and way of life, customs, reflects the tendency to pursue the trend of The Times, such as dry chair, her structure is very simple, but give a person a kind of very fresh feeling, reason is that he USES the many kinds of color of natural colored, aniline or paint or po

49、lishing processing, the color is very rich, very bold and have a meaning, unexpected results have been achieved. Because of her color is different from that of ordinary chair, very suitable for those who pursue the personalized needs of consumers demand. 3. 产品材质的人性化设计 3. The humanized design of prod

50、ucts material 人对材质的知觉心理过程是不可否认的,而质感本身又是一种艺术形式。如果产品的空间形 态是感人的 ,那么利用良好的材质与色彩可以使产品设计以最简约的方式充满艺术性。材料 的质感肌理是通过表面特征给人以视觉和触觉感受以及心理联想及象征意义。产品形态中 的肌理因素能够暗示使用方式或起警示作用。人们早就发现手指尖上的指纹使把手的接触 面变成了细线状的突起物 ,从而提高了手的敏感度并增加了把持物体的摩擦力,这使产品尤其 是手工工具的把手获得有效的利用并作为手指用力和把持处的暗示。通过选择合适的造型 材料来增加感性、浪漫成分 ,使产品与人的互动性更强。在选择材料时不仅用材料的强度

51、、 耐磨性等物理量来作评定 ,而且考虑材料与人的情感关系远近作为重要评价尺度。不同的质 感肌理能给人不同的心理感受 ,如玻璃、钢材可以表达产品的科技气息,木材、竹材可以表达 自然、古朴、人情意味等。材料质感和肌理的性能特征将直接影响到材料用于所制产品后 最终的视觉效果。 Peoples perception of material psychological process is undeniable, and the texture itself is an art form. If the product space form is moving, then use the good ma

52、terial and colour can make the product design in the most simple way is full of artistic quality. The simple sense of material texture is through surface features give a person with vision and touch feeling and psychological associations and symbolic meanings. Product texture factors can suggest usi

53、ng way in form or play a warning role. People found the fingerprints on the fingertips to handle early contact into a fine linear projection, thus improve the sensitivity of the hand and an increase in the friction holding objects, which make the products especially handles for effective use of hand tools and serves as a finger force and holding the hint. By choosing the appropria