2021届高考英语二轮复习天天练题型五短文改错第一节词法类错误课件20210313298

1、题型专项题型专项 题型五题型五 短文改错短文改错 考点 卷别 谓语动词 非谓 语动 词 形容 词、 副词 名词冠词 介词 代 词 连 词 数 词 时态、 语态 主谓 一致 2020 卷12111112 卷121213 卷213112 20182020全国卷短文改错考频统计 考点 卷别 谓语动词 非谓语 动词 形容词、 副词 名 词 冠 词 介 词 代 词 连 词 数 词 时态、 语态 主谓 一致 2019 卷132112 卷1411111 卷13111111 2018 卷11211112 卷3121111 卷1122112 三年合计111111811678161 由上表可知，短文改错有以下命题

2、规律： (1)短文改错题主要考查动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词等 实词以及介词和连词等虚词。动词、连词、名词、形容词和副词 是考査的重点。动词多涉及时态、语态和非谓语形式；连词多涉 及并列连词和从句的引导词；名词多涉及单复数；形容词和副词 多涉及词性等。 (2)命题形式相对稳定。虽然2018年全国卷短文改错有两 处可以添加单词，但另一处可以直接把关系代词改为关系副词。 2020年全国卷中出现一处介词后跟动词ing的复合结构，可将 名词性物主代词改为形容词性物主代词或宾格形式。 第一节词法类错误 考点一动词的时态和语态 方法点津“4查”定时态、语态 1查时态是否一致 (1)检查文中每一个谓语动词

3、的时态与上下文、语境及该句的 时间状语是否一致。 (2)检查情态动词和have, has, had等助动词后面的动词形式是 否用错。 2查语态是否正确 (1)检查及物动词之后是否有宾语，如无宾语应用被动语态， 再检查被动语态中是否缺少be动词。 (2)不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。 3查并列是否一致 在平行或并列结构中，动词的形式通常是一致的。关键的问 题是看and, or等后的动词与前面的哪个动词并列，一定要理解、 辨别清楚。 4查不规则动词的过去式、过去分词是否混用 真题题组 1(2020高考全国卷).I thought it must to be easy to cook. 解析：

4、句意：并且我认为它一定很简单。must是情态动词，后接 动词原形，to多余，故将to去掉。 答案：去掉must后的to 2(2020高考全国卷)Actually, I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old. 解析：句意：事实上，我七岁时就开始学功夫了。分析句子可知， 此处讲述的是7岁的时候的事情，应该用一般过去时，故将start改 为started。 答案：startstarted 3(2020高考全国卷)For example, every morning, my dad has to have a bowl of egg sou

5、p while I had to eat an apple. 解析：根据时间状语every morning，可知这里表示经常或反复发 生的事情，用一般现在时，主语为I，谓语动词要用原形。故将 had改为have。 答案：hadhave 4(2019高考全国卷)Now my dream is to open a cafe.Though it may appear simple, it required a lot of ideas and efforts. 解析：根据上文时态为一般现在时可知，此句中也应该用一般现 在时，故将required改为requires。 答案：requiredrequi

6、res 5(2018高考全国卷)During my last winter holiday, I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.I find a big change there. 解析：根据前一句中的时间状语during my last winter holiday可知， 本句讲述的是去年寒假的事情，所以此处应用一般过去时，故将 find改为found。 答案：findfound 6(2018高考全国卷)I didnt realize how right my parents are until

7、 I entered high school. 解析：根据主句的谓语didnt realize和until引导的时间状语从句的 谓语entered可知此处说的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故将 are改为were。 答案：arewere 7(2018高考全国卷)It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begin. 解析：根据语境可知，此处是过去完成时，故将begin改为过去分 词形式begun。 答案：beginbegun 考点二非谓语动词 方法点津 1理清to的两种命题方式 (1)多余：感官动词和使役动词(get 除外)后面

8、跟不带to的不定 式作宾语补足语。 (2)缺失：有些动词，如want, decide, plan等后应接带to的不 定式作宾语。 2辨清非谓语动词与谓语动词 句中已有谓语动词，且另一动词不作并列谓语，则只能用非 谓语形式。 3搞清动词ing形式与动词ed形式的区别 动词ing形式表示主动、进行；动词ed形式表示被动、完 成；动词ing形式转化的形容词表示“令人的”，常修饰物； 而动词ed形式转化的形容词表示“感到的”，常修饰人。 4掌握介词标志 介词后一般需要跟动词ing形式。 5明晰介词to与不定式符号to的用法区别 真题题组 1(2020高考全国卷)I like eating frying

9、 tomatoes with eggs. 解析：句意：我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋。动词fry与tomatoes之间是 动宾关系，所以此处应用过去分词作定语，故将frying改为fried。 答案：fryingfried 2(2020高考全国卷)My mom told me how to preparing it. 解析：句意：我妈妈告诉我如何准备这道菜。分析句子可知， “how不定式”作told的宾语，to是不定式符号，后应接动词原 形，故将preparing改为prepare。 答案：preparingprepare 3(2020高考全国卷)I tell my mom that if were f

10、orced eat things, we may become ill. 解析：句意：我告诉妈妈，如果我们被迫吃东西，我们可能会生 病。be forced to do sth.被迫做某事，所以forced 后面加不定式符 号to。 答案：forced后加to 4(2019高考全国卷)I want my cafe have a special theme such as “Tang Dynasty” 解析：want sb./sth.to do sth.“想要某人/某物做某事”。 答案：cafe后加 to 5(2019高考全国卷)If I succeed in manage one，I will

11、open more. 解析：succeed in doing sth.“成功做某事”。 答案：managemanaging 6(2018高考全国卷)My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. 解析：此处动词位于介词by后，应用动名词形式，故将sell改为 selling。 答案：sellselling 7(2018高考全国卷)Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph a

12、loud. 解析：分析句子结构可知，was为谓语动词，主语everyone与wait 之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语，表示伴随，故将wait改 成waiting。 答案：waitwaiting 8(2018高考全国卷)Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity; others were nervous and anxious. 解析：be eager to do sth.意为“渴望做某事”。 答案：eager后加to 考点三形容词和副词 方法点津 1明辨词性误用 副词修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子

13、，在句中作状语。 2理清比较级、最高级的误用 (1)原级和比较级混用。 (2)比较级和最高级混用。 (3)在本身已是比较级形式的基础上误加more。 (4)在没有最高级的词前误加most。 3关注形近词误用 hard意为“刻苦地；猛烈地”，而hardly意为“几乎不，几 乎没有”；beside意为“在旁边”，而besides意为“另外”。 真题题组 1(2020高考全国卷)Today I tried cooking a simply dish myself. 解析：句意：今天我自己尝试做了一道简单的菜。根据名词dish 可知，此处应用形容词作定语，故将simply改为simple。 答案：si

14、mplysimple 2(2020高考全国卷)Im surely youll have a good time. 解析：句意：我相信你会玩得很开心的。分析句子可知，此处be 动词am后面需用形容词作表语。故将surely改为sure。 答案：surelysure 3(2020高考全国卷)See you sooner. 解析：句意：希望尽快见到你。“See you soon”译为“希望尽快 见到你”，是固定短语。此处不需要用比较级。故将sooner改为 soon。 答案：soonersoon 4(2019高考全国卷)I became interesting in playing football

15、 thanks to a small accident. 解析：become interested in“对感兴趣”。interesting (使人感 兴趣的)常修饰物；interested (感兴趣的)常修饰人。 答案：interestinginterested 5(2019高考全国卷)I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground. 解析：此处表示“用力把足球踢回操场”，应用hard (adv.用力 地)。hardly意为“几乎不”。 答案：hardlyhard 6(2019高考全国卷)First, I want

16、ed to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly. 解析：连系动词look后跟形容词作表语。 答案：coollycool 7(2019高考全国卷)One was that I was amazed at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor. 解析：本句中better本身已经是比较级，前面只需要much来修饰， 表示程度，more在本句中多余。 答案：去掉more 8(2019高考全国卷)What I want is not

17、just an ordinarily cafe but a very special one. 解析：此处用形容词ordinary 修饰名词cafe。 答案：ordinarilyordinary 考点四名词和冠词 方法点津 1理清单复数使用情况 (1)单个物体和不可数的名词要用单数。 (2)多个可数的名词要用复数。 2牢记雷打不动的十大不可数名词 information, progress, furniture, fun, advice, news, weather, music, health, luck。 3三类位置后常用名词 (1)冠词后常用名词。 (2)介词后常用名词。 (3)形容词性

18、物主代词后常用名词。 4关注冠词的考查重点 (1)a和an，表达数量，或者泛指任何一个。a用于发音以辅音 音素(不是辅音字母)开头的词前，an用于发音以元音音素(不是元 音字母)开头的词前。 (2)若对于某个名词有明指或暗示的情况，前面要加the。 (3)固定搭配中的冠词需要牢记。 真题题组 1(2020高考全国卷)Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick. 解析：考查名词的单复数。句意：下一步我把鸡蛋打到一个碗里， 然后用筷子快速搅拌。chopstick是可数名词，意为“筷子”，通 常以复数形

19、式出现，故将chopstick改为chopsticks。 答案：chopstickchopsticks 2(2020高考全国卷)Then I put the tomatoes and the beaten eggs into pan together. 解析：考查冠词。句意：然后我把西红柿和打好的鸡蛋一起放进 平底锅。此处特指上文提到的pan，所以其前应加定冠词the，故 在pan前加the。 答案：pan前加the 3(2020高考全国卷)Luckily, I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations. 解析：考查不可数名词。句意：幸运的是

20、，两周后我就要回家过 暑假。分析句子可知，vacation “假期”是个不可数名词， summer vacation“暑期”是固定搭配。故将vacations改为vacation。 答案：vacationsvacation 4(2020高考全国卷)My mom is really concerned with the health of everyone in our families. 解析：考查名词的单复数。family当“家庭”讲时，是集合名词， 这里表示“我们一个家庭”，所以用单数，故将families改成 family。 答案：familiesfamily 5(2019高考全国卷)A

21、ll the football player on the playground cheered loudly, saying that I had a talent for football. 解析：根据前面的all可知，player应用复数形式players。 答案：playerplayers 6(2019高考全国卷)Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style. 解析：unique是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，其前用a，不用an。 类似的词还有university，European 等。 答案：ana 7(

22、2018高考全国卷)During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. 解析：go to the countryside意为“去农村；去乡下”，是固定搭 配。 答案：countryside前加the 8(2018高考全国卷)When I was little, Fridays night was our family game night. 解析：“星期五晚上”习惯上说 Friday night。 答案：FridaysFriday 考点五介词和数词 方法点津

23、1介词用法要分清 (1)看到介词，思考与动词搭配是否正确；及物动词后可直接 跟宾语，无需加介词；不及物动词不可直接跟宾语，其后要加上 相应的介词才能跟宾语。 (2)看到介词，思考与名词搭配是否正确。 (3)留意特殊词，如attitude后加to; leave.for.; in all directions; from.to.; answer/key/note/solution/approach后加介词to等。 2识别序数词与基数词的混用和错用 “只描述数量多少”用基数词；“强调顺序性”用序数词。 真题题组 1(2020高考全国卷)After that I poured oil into a p

24、an and turned off the stove. 解析：考查介词。句意：之后我把油倒进一个平底锅，然后开火。 根据I poured oil into a pan及常识可知，把油倒进锅里后应是打开 炉子，所以此处应使用短语turn on，故将off改为on。 答案：offon 2(2020高考全国卷)Im glad to know that youve come China to learn kung fu in a school in my hometown. 解析：考查固定搭配。句意：我很高兴知道你来中国在我家乡的 一所学校学习功夫。分析句子可知，此处come为不及物动词，后 接宾语

25、时需加相应介词。come to “来到”是固定短语。故在 come后加to。 答案：come后加to 3(2019高考全国卷)Then，when I was in the five grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher very much. 解析：“上五年级”有两种表达方式：in the fifth/5th grade 或 in Grade 5/Five。 答案：fivefifth 4(2019高考全国卷)When I studied chemistry high school, I reconsi

26、dered my goal and decided to be a doctor. 解析：in/at high school“在高中”。 答案：在high前面加in/at 5(2018高考全国卷)They would say to me that playing card games would help my brain.Still I was unwilling to play the games for them sometimes. 解析：play games with sb.意为“和某人一起玩游戏”。 答案：forwith .单句训练 1My experience with a fo

27、reign language begins in junior middle school. 答案：beginsbegan 2I helped her pick out of the recyclable bottles with patience. 答案：去掉of 3It was difficult at times, but when I saw my stories publish in our school newspaper, I knew that it was something worth doing. 答案：publishpublished 4I felt happily w

28、hen I shared a new story with them. 答案：happilyhappy 5The greatest thing about being a reporter is exchanging idea with others. 答案：ideaideas 6Anyway, after we left Barcelona, we come to spend several days in Granada. 答案：comecame 7A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop. 答案：tel

29、lingtold 8Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem. 答案：去掉 been 9Besides, there is a long holiday waits for me after the College Entrance Examination.And I can travel anywhere I like then. 答案：waitswaiting 10Looking back on the progresses that I hav

30、e made so far, I really appreciate your support. 答案：progressesprogress 11When I was a very young children, my father created a regular practice I remember well years later. 答案：childrenchild 12In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, which is on the rooftop of

31、 their house. 答案：interestinginterested .仿真题组 A (2020广东高三二模)Last Friday, our class organized a visit to the city museum.We got to there by bus.First, we listened to the brief introduction to the museum.Then, we set out to exploring the museum in small groups.Which caught our attention first was some

32、skillful carved bronze ware dating from the Shang Dynasty.Afterwards, we looked at some cultural relics relate to Shanxi merchants and local custom.To be honest，I felt amazing at the wide range of exhibits on display. I benefited a lot from this experience.Not only it widen my horizons and it made m

33、e take pride in the history of my hometown. 语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者和小伙伴们一 起去博物馆游玩的经历，最后作者分享了这次游玩的感受与收获。 1解析：考查介词。句意：我们乘车到那儿。get there意为“到 那儿”，there为副词，前面不能加介词to。故正确答案为将to删 除。 答案：第二句去掉to 2解析：考查冠词。句意：首先我们听取了这个博物馆的简介。 a brief introduction意为“一个简短的介绍”，此处introduction在 前文中并未出现过，为泛指，并不是特指，brief发音是以辅音音 素开头，所以应该用不

34、定冠词a来修饰，而不是定冠词the。故正 确答案为将the替换为a。 答案：第三句第一个thea 3解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：接下来我们以小组开始探索 博物馆。set out to do sth.意为“开始做某事”，这里应该用动词 原形explore，而不是现在分词形式exploring。故正确答案为将 exploring替换为explore。 答案：第四句exploringexplore 4解析：考查主语从句的引导词。句意：首先引起我们注意的 是商代雕刻精巧的青铜器。分析句子结构可知，该句为主语从句， 从句中缺少主语，又根据主句的表语bronze ware可知，从句的主 语应该指代物，所以

35、应该用what来引导。故正确答案为将Which 替换为What。 答案：第五句WhichWhat 5解析：考查副词。句意见上题解析。分析句子结构可知，修 饰动词carved，应该用副词skillfully，而不是形容词skillful。故正 确答案为将skillful替换为skillfully。 答案：第五句skillfulskillfully 6解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：接下来我们看了一些关于晋 商和当地习俗的一些文化遗迹。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓 语动词looked at，所以relate要用其非谓语动词形式，由于主语 relics与动词relate之间是主谓关系，所以要用relat

36、e的现在分词形 式relating；又be related to意为“与有关”，此处可省略be动 词，直接使用related to作relics的后置定语。故正确答案为将relate 替换为related或relating。 答案：第六句relaterelated/relating 7解析：考查名词。句意见上题解析。根据连词and之前的名词 Shanxi merchants“晋商”的复数形式可知，local custom也应该用 复数，custom的复数形式为customs。故正确答案为将custom替换 为customs。 答案：第六句customcustoms 8解析：考查形容词。句意：老

37、实说，我对于今天有如此多展 品的展览感到惊讶。amazing意为“令人惊讶的”，一般用来形 容物；amazed意为“感到惊讶的”，一般用来形容人，这里主语 是I，想要表达“我”很惊讶，故应该用amazed。故正确答案为 将amazing替换为amazed。 答案：第七句amazingamazed 9解析：考查倒装。句意：此次参观不但开拓了我的视野，而 且还让我对家乡的历史感到骄傲。not only为否定意义的副词，置 于句首，句子应用部分倒装，结合全文时态可知，该句时态应该 为一般过去时，所以应该在only后加上助动词did，形成部分倒装。 故正确答案为only后添加did。 答案：第九句on

38、ly后加did 10解析：考查固定搭配。句意见上题解析。not only.but (also).为固定搭配，意为“不仅而且”，所以这里应 该用but来连接，而不是and。故正确答案为将and替换为but。 答案：第九句andbut B (2020湖南师大附中高三月考)The novel coronavirus, being called COVID19 officially, had not previously been detected before the outbreak is reported in Wuhan, China in December, 2019.Infection w

39、ith COVID19 can cause mild symptom including a runny nose, sore throat, cough, and fever.It can be most severe for some persons and cause pneumonia or breathing difficulties.More rare, the disease can be deadly.It can be transmitted from person to person, usually after close contact with infected pa

40、tient that even seems healthy. To protect yourself, wash your hands frequently with soap and water.Maintain at least 1 meter distant between yourself and other people, particularly those who are coughing and sneezing.Wear a medical mask can help limit the spread of some respiratory (呼吸的) diseases.Th

41、erefore，it has to be combined to other prevention measures including washing hands and avoiding close contact to take effect. 语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了感染新型冠状病 毒的一些症状、传播途径以及如何保护自己。 1解析：考查非谓语动词。本句中call应用非谓语动词形式，且 called COVID19 officially 充当后置定语。being called.表示“正 在被称作”不符合语境。故去掉being。 答案：第一句去掉being 2解析：考查动词的时

42、态。根据时间状语in December,2019可知， 表示发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故is改为was。 答案：第一句iswas 3解析：考查名词的单复数。symptom为可数名词，根据后文列 举的多种症状a runny nose, sore throat, cough，and fever可知，此 处应用名词复数symptoms。故symptom改为symptoms。 答案：第二句symptomsymptoms 4解析：考查比较级。句意：对某些人来说，它可能更严重， 并导致肺炎或呼吸困难。结合句意表示“更严重”，应用形容词 比较级。故most改为more。 答案：第三句mostmore

43、 5解析：考查副词。修饰后文的句子，应用副词rarely，表示 “更少见的(是)”。故rare改为rarely。 答案：第四句rarerarely 6解析：考查冠词。patient为可数名词，此处表示泛指，应用不 定冠词，且infected是发音以元音音素开头的单词，应用an。故 infected前添加an。 答案：第五句infected前添加an 7解析：考查名词。此处作动词maintain的宾语，表示“距离”， 应用名词distance。故distant改为distance。 答案：第七句distantdistance 8解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，wear在句中应 用非谓语动

44、词形式，且本句中缺少主语，故用动名词短语wearing a medical mask作主语。故Wear改为Wearing。 答案：第八句WearWearing 9解析：考查副词。句意：然而，它必须与其他预防措施相结 合，包括洗手和避免密切接触才能生效。结合句意可知，上下文 为转折关系，故应用副词however。故Therefore改为However。 答案：第九句ThereforeHowever 10解析：考查介词。句意见上题解析。结合句意表示“与 相结合”短语为be combined with。故to改为with。 答案：第九句第二个towith C (2020安徽省南八校高三临门一卷)La

45、st month, our class participate in the school poster exhibition with the topic “We Love Science”We had a memorably experience together.Having informed of the activity, we put forward ideas about the contents of the poster.After a brief discussion, we agreed on the subjects of AI and 5G. No time was

46、wasted and we tried to make a full prepare for it.We first went to the school library to research the history and development of the two fields.When realizing that the library couldnt supply us for enough information about the technologies, we turned to our teacher, whom proved to be a valuable reso

47、urce and gave us lots of practical advice.With the material was collected, we set about making our poster.Each of us was assigned different tasks, to which we devoted all their efforts.On the day of an exhibition, our designed poster attracted many attention.A lot of students gathered in front of ou

48、r poster, appreciating our work. 语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述我们如何为 参加学校海报展览活动做准备。 1解析：考查动词的时态。分析句子可知，动词participate在句 中作谓语，句中last month表示上个月，表达的是过去时间，所以 谓语动词participate需用一般过去时participated。故将participate改 为participated。 答案：第一句participateparticipated 2解析：考查形容词。分析句子可知，名词experience前需用形 容词修饰，memorably是副词，需转变为形容词mem

49、orable。故将 memorably改为memorable。 答案：第二句memorablymemorable 3解析：考查动词的语态。分析句子结构可知，having informed 在句中作状语，和主语we之间是动宾关系，需使用被动结构 having been informed。故在Having后加上been。 答案：第三句在Having后加been 4解析：考查名词。分析句子可知，形容词full后需接名词， prepare是动词，需转变为名词preparation。故将prepare改为 preparation。 答案：第五句preparepreparation 5解析：考查介词。分析

50、句子可知，谓语动词supply表达supply sb.with sth.“向某人提供某物”时，需用介词with。故将for改为 with。 答案：第七句forwith 6解析：考查定语从句关系词。分析句子可知，“whom proved to be a valuable resource and gave us lots of practical advice”在句中 作非限制性定语从句，修饰名词teacher，先行词teacher在定语从 句中作主语，指代人，需用关系代词who。故将whom改为who。 答案：第七句whomwho 7解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，动词collect在

51、 with复合结构中作宾语补足语，和名词material之间是动宾关系， 需用过去分词collected。故将was去掉。 答案：第八句去掉was 8解析：考查人称代词。句意：我们每个人都被布置了不同的 任务，这些任务我们都倾注了我们全部的努力。根据句意可知， their表示的是他们的，和句中的us，we指代不一致，需用our指代 “我们的”。故将their改为our。 答案：第九句theirour 9解析：考查冠词。分析句子可知，名词exhibition表示特指“学 校海报展会”，需用定冠词the。故将an改为the。 答案：第十句anthe 10解析：考查代词。分析句子可知，名词attention表示“注意力” 的意思时，是不可数名词，需用much修饰不可数名词。故将 many改为much。 答案：第十句manymuch D (2020重庆市第一中学高三下6月模拟)I often wanted to look like as the slim girls on TV