文学高级英语第一册

1、2019/11/12 1 Unit 1 of Advanced English The Middle Eastern Bazaar 2019/11/12 2 Prereading questions: ?What is a bazaar? Have you ever seen one before? ?What are handicraft economy, industrialized economy, new economy, knowledge economy? What kind of economy is the bazaar in the text related to? ?How

2、 many styles of writing have you practiced in your writing course up to now? What style of writing can this text be categorized into? 2019/11/12 3 Some introduction to descriptive writing: ?Definition ?Verbal picturing of a person, place, object, scene, idea etc, that is ,painting a picture in words

3、. A good description creates a sensory experience with the use of words. First the author pictures an experience in his mind. Then he selects specific details to communicate that impression. Through reading this detailed description, readers in turn create a similar picture in their minds. 2019/11/1

4、2 4 Tips ?Establish a dominant impression or outstanding quality ?Select details: relevant; specific; vivid/minute 2019/11/12 5 ? Though small, the street possesses a medley of colors which suggest the richness of life. The houses lining it are painted red, yellow, grey and white. Girls wear skirts,

5、 the colors of which you can never imagine. Vegetables and fruits on a peddlers stand appear in jade green, watery yellow and rosy purple. They shine under the sun in a way that dazzles your eyes. ? His gaunt, expressive face was dominated by piercing eyes, conveying a mixture of intensity and repos

6、e, of wariness and calm self- confidence He moved gracefully and with dignity, filling a room not by his physical dominance but by his air of controlled tension, steely discipline, and self-control, as if he were a coiled spring. 2019/11/12 6 ?Arrange the description in proper order: straightforward

7、 spatial order; specific elements general or vice versa; the least striking feature the most; appearance personality ?Use specific and vivid language ?Employ figures of speech She danced and sang happily like a lark. (as slippery as an eel; as poor as a church mouse, etc) She is the eyeball of her p

8、arents. The street faded into a country road with straggling (spread in an irregular manner) houses by it. Youth is hot and bold, age is weak and cold, youth is wild, and Age is tame. ? - William Shakespere 2019/11/12 7 Classification of Descriptive Writing ?according to the contents: D. of person;

9、of place; of object; scene ?according to the ways of presentation: objective D; impressionistic D ?Objective description attempts to report accurately the appearance of the object as a thing in itself, independent of the observer s perception of it or feelings about it, the purpose of which is to in

10、form a reader who has not been able to see with his own eyes. 2019/11/12 8 ? Impressionistic description is very different. Focusing upon the mood or feeling the object evokes in the observer, rather than upon the object as it exists in itself, Impressionism does not seek to inform but to arouse emo

11、tion. It attempts to make us feel more than to make us see. 2019/11/12 9 Detailed study of the text ?Questions on the overall structure: ?How many parts would you like to divide the text into? What are the main ideas of each part? ?In what order is the descriptive organized? 2019/11/12 10 The Overal

12、l Structure ?Part One (p1): description of what can be seen and heard outside the entrance to the bazaar ?Part Two (the rest of ps): lively description of different sections of the bazaar, including stores and workshops. 2019/11/12 11 Part 1 ?Questions on comprehension: ?How is the description in 1s

13、t para. Organized? ?What sense of readers does the author particularly appeal to? ?Judging from the 1st para. Which type of description does the text fall into, objective or impressionistic? What is your dominant impression of the bazaar? 2019/11/12 12 Language points ? Gothic: of a style of buildin

14、g (church, roof, window, arch) in Western Europe between the 12th and 16th centuries, with pointed arches, arched roofs, tall thin pillars, and stained glass windows; of or in an 18th-century style of literature which described romantic adventures in mysterious or frightening settings 2019/11/12 13

15、? You pass from the heat and glare of a big open square into a cool, dark cavern.: ? 1) Here he heat is contrasted with cool, “glare” with dark, and open square with cavern ? 2) glare: strong, fierce, unpleasant light, not so agreeable and welcome as right sunlight ? 3) cavern here does not really m

16、ean a cave or an underground chamber. From the text we can see it is a long, narrow, dark street of workshops and shops with some sort of a roof over them. 2019/11/12 14 ? which extends as far as the eye can see: ? The words ear and eye are used in the singular not to mean the concrete organ of sigh

17、t or hearing but something abstract; they are often used figuratively. Here the eye means mans Power of seeing or eyesight. e. g. ? 1 ) She has an eye for beauty. (She is capable of recognizing and appreciating beautiful things. ) ? 2) She has an ear for music. (She is sensitive to music.) ? 3) The

18、boy has a sharp eye. (He overlooks nothing. ) ? 4) The big poster caught my eye. (my attention) 2019/11/12 15 ? 5) Keep an eye on that mischievous boy. (Keep a watch on him. ) ? 6) to turn a blind eye to sth or sb ? 7) to turn a deaf ear to sth or sb ? 8) His words are unpleasant to the ear. ? 9) Th

19、e view was pleasing to the eye. 2019/11/12 16 ? Little donkeys. entering and leaving the bazaar: ? l) thread their way: The donkeys went in and out among the people and from one side to another. Similar example: inch (wind, elbow, fight, force, shoot; argue, talk, trick; ) ones way, ? 2) The words e

20、ntering and leaving go with the word hrongs which differs from crowds in that it carries a stronger implication of movement and of pushing and a weaker implication of density. e. g. ? The crowd jammed the hall. ? Throngs circulated through the street, or throngs gathered. 2019/11/12 17 ? syn: horde

21、(derogatory when referring to people, but not so when referring to animals) ? mob (large disorderly crowd, esp one that has gathered to attack or cause mischief) ? 3) tinkling: a light ringing sound, the tinkling of coffee cups ? onomatapeoia: booming, buzzing, clashing(knife, sword), clattering (ho

22、rses hoof), cracking (splitting of sth), gurgling (watering)汩 汩水声，hissing, puffing, roaring, ticking, whistling, whizzing飕飕, splashing哗哗; crow, chatter, chirp; bark, bellow (elephant, bull), grunt (pig) 2019/11/12 18 ? . The din. and makes you dizzy: ? l) din: loud, ear-splitting confused noise that

23、 continues, e. g. The blaze of light and the appalling din of the orchestra had almost dazed Elizabeth. ? syn: clamor, hubbub, uproar ? 2) The noun din is followed by three of phrases. ? 3) The expression crying ones ware is now considered old fashioned. ? wares: rather literary, meaning articles fo

24、r sale, usu. not in a shop. e. g. ? The baker travelled round the town selling his wares. ? 4) clear a way: to remove from (as a space) all that occupies or encumbers, or that impedes or restricts use, passage or action 2019/11/12 19 2nd ,3rd and 4th para. ?Questions on comprehension: ?What makes th

25、e cloth-market distinguished from others? Why? ?What is the main idea of the 3rd para? Why do you think the author put it here? ?Can you briefly give an account of bargaining skills mentioned here? 2019/11/12 20 language points ?Then as you penetrate. muted cloth-market: ?1 ) penetrate: to pierce or

26、 pass into or through. The word penetrate is used here to indicate that you have to pass through a big crowd in order to go deeper into the market. ?2) the noise of the entrance fades away: ?fade away: go slowly out of hearing, gradually disappear ?The clip-clop of the horses hooves faded away into

27、the distance. ?His anger faded away. 2019/11/12 21 The earthen floor. any sounds to echo: ?l ) earthen: made of earth, e. g. an earthen jar ?2) beaten hard by countless feet: flattened by treading; which becomes flat and hard because it is much traveled ?3) deaden: to lessen or dull the sound of (fo

28、otsteps) ?4) the vaulted mud-brick walls and roof: Moslem style of architecture 2019/11/12 22 Bargaining is the order of the day: (the normal way of doing things ) ?(the) order of the day: that which is of the greatest general interest at a particular time; prevailing state of things, e. g. ?They fa

29、iled to act since confusion was the order of the day at the headquarters. ?His period was a building age, when competition was the order of the day. 2019/11/12 23 veiled women. beating the price down: ?beat down: bargain with (seller), causing seller to lower (price) ?Can we beat down the price? ?Th

30、e man was asking $5 for the dress, but I beat him down to 4. ?The wheat had been beaten down by the rain. ?All their defenses were beaten down by the tanks. 2019/11/12 24 Narrow down ?The path has narrowed sown a lot since I was last here. ?The field of inquiry has narrowed down to five people. ?The

31、y narrowed down the search for the missing boy down to five streets near the school. 2019/11/12 25 ? It is a point of honor. the last moment: ?a point of honour: something considered important for ones self respect 2019/11/12 26 The seller. makes a point of protesting that.: ? to make a point of doi

32、ng sth (= make it a point to do): regard or treat it as necessary. e. g. ?To realize our goal of the four modernizations, we make a great point of learning the strong points of all nations and all countries, learning all that is genuinely good in the political, economic, scientific and technological

33、 fields and in art and literature. ?The teachers make a point of setting strict demands on the students. ?Tourists to Beijing make a point of visiting the Great Wall. 2019/11/12 27 5th and 6th para. ?Questions on comprehension: ?What is being described here? ?What sense of readers does the author ap

34、peal to? ?Find out all the onomatopoeic words in this part. ?Find out the expressions to infuse and arouse the emotion. 2019/11/12 28 As you approach it. on your ear: ?l) tinkling: a succession of light, ringing sounds (e. g. of a small bell) ?2 ) banging: hit violently, to make a loud noise (e. g.

35、to bang a door) ?3) clashing: make a loud, broken, confused noise (as when metal objects strike together) (e. g. swords clash, the clashing of cymbals) ?impinge (on ): have an effect (on); strike ?The change of government scarcely impinged on ordinary peoples lives. 2019/11/12 29 hammering away at c

36、opper vessels of all shapes and sizes: ?away: continuously, constantly ?e. g. working, laughing, muttering, grumbling, boiling, typing, pounding, battering, firing away ?So Little Hans worked away in his garden. ?He was laughing away all afternoon. ?The soldiers fired away until they had no ammuniti

37、on left. ?Cf: (gradually) melt, die, while, talk away 2019/11/12 30 the shop-owner. sometimes takes a hand with a hammer himself.: ?take a hand. (in sth. ): help, play a part (in sth. ) e. g. ? Dont fool around, come and take a hand in the cleaning. ?The leading cadres also took a hand in the diggin

38、g. ?Cf: have/with a finger in the pie 2019/11/12 31 the red of the live coals. to the strokes of the bellows: ?live: adj. burning or glowing ?live embers (small pieces of burning wood or coal in a dying fire; ashes of dying fire); a live shell: cartridge; bomb (unexploded) ?Also: It was a live broad

39、cast, not a recording. ? stroke: a movement of the hand , etc. e. g. ?He felled his opponent with one stroke. ?The house was hit by a stroke of lightning. 2019/11/12 32 ?The slave was given five strokes of the whip. ?He drove in the nail with one stroke of the hammer. ?By a stroke of good luck/fortu

40、ne ?A stroke of genius/inspiration: It was a stroke of genius to make her the party chairman. ?At/with a stroke of pen: you cant wipe out a thousand years of history at the stroke of the pen. 2019/11/12 33 7th para. ?Questions on comprehension: ?What are the markets that are touched upon here? ?What

41、 senses are appealed to in describing carpet-market and spice- market? 2019/11/12 34 Language points ?Elsewhere. and yet harmonious: ?1) Profusion: plenty; great or too great amount; plenitude, abundance, exuberance, glut, prodigality, lavishness, bounty ?2) rich: (color) deep, strong and beautiful

42、?3) bold: strongly marked; clearly formed ?The bold outline of the mountain appeared ahead of us. ?The words are to be printed in bold type. 2019/11/12 35 in the maze. which honey-comb this bazaar: ?1 ) maze: a set of intricate windings ?2) honeycomb: v. to fill with holes, cells, or cavities蜂房 ?3)

43、The streets that pierce the bazaar from all directions and lead towards all directions cut the bazaar into small sections like the honeycomb. 2019/11/12 36 where camels lie. beside them: ?l ) disdain: consider unworthy of ones notice; treat with scorn，scorn, spurn, contemn, despise, deride, disregar

44、d, belittle ?2) The camels are considered very arrogant, hence disdainfully chewing their hay, showing no interest in the activities going on around them. 2019/11/12 37 It is a vast sombre cavern of a room: a room that is like a vast sombre cavern ?The use of implied comparison and the noun cavern i

45、nstead of the adjective cavernous makes the description more vivid. ?e. g. Jurgis had to work in the hell of a fertilizer factory. ?He was a tyrant of a landlord. ?They live in a palace (match-box) of a house. 2019/11/12 38 a huge pole ?Compare: a vast cavern ?Huge commonly suggests immensity of bulk. ?e. g. a huge mass of earth ?a huge leather bell