飞机培训课件英文版：EX#24H VHF OMNI RANGE (VOR)

1、PGI EXERCISE # 24H VHF OMNI RANGE (VOR),200612810807,Enabling Objectives,The principles of operation, equipment required and limitations. The correct serviceability checks. Tracking Inbound and Outbound. Tracking and intercepting predetermined radials. How to determine position by the use of a posit

2、ion fix. Human Factors and Safety Considerations.,Principles of Operation,Two Signals: Reference phase non directional, constant through 360 rate of 30 x / second. Variable phase rotates through 360, rate of 30 x / second. Works off phase differential, time between reference phase and time it takes

3、before variable phase picked up by a/c receiver.,Principles of Operation,All Radials are lines in Magnetic degrees From the station. An omni bearing To a station is actually the reciprocal of the radial From the station. Situation Awareness of where you are in relation to the station or your VOR wil

4、l work strangely for you. (To be discussed later) The VOR is position sensitive, not heading sensitive, so it only tells you where you are in relation to the selected track NOT if you are heading to or from it.,Equipment Required,Ground station sends out the signal. Antenna 3 types Receiver usually

5、incorporated with comm. transceiver (range 108.00 117.95). VOR indicator: Omni-bearing selector OBS (azimuth dial with 360 representing radials). To/From indicator (indicates the bearing, towards or away from the station). Course deviation indicator CDI (Vertical needle which indicates if a/c is to

6、the right or left of radial). Each dot represents 2.,VOR V Shaped Antenna,VOR Towel Antenna,VOR Blade Antenna,Types of VOR Indicators,HSI,OBS,VOR Receivers,Aeronautical Chart Depiction,Hexagon surrounded by a station azimuth or compass rose: Compass rose lets you pick a radial or desired track in M

7、when using VNC Name of VOR information box along with 3 letter identifier and morse code indicator,VNC Legend and CompassRose.,Limitations of VOR,Line of sight higher altitude gives you a greater reception distance. Reception distance = 1.23 Alt AGL. Lower altitudes are not as good for reception,Ena

8、bling Objectives,The principles of operation, equipment required and limitations. The correct serviceability checks. Tracking Inbound and Outbound. Tracking and intercepting predetermined radials. How to determine position by the use of a position fix. Human Factors and Safety Considerations.,VOT Ch

9、eck,TUNE and IDENT Set VOT frequency Remember this saying: “C182” Set 180 TO (should center needle).* Set 000 FROM (should center needle).* Set 090 and 270 (Should deflect full Right/Left may fluctuate between TO and FROM or show an OFF indication).,VOR Checkpoint,At some airports (Sign beside a tax

10、iway). Will indicate radial that you should be on at that spot. Allowable tolerance of 4.,VOR Check Using Landmark,Look for prominent ground feature. Looking at a chart, determine which radial landmark is on. When directly over landmark, check to see if needle is centered on same radial. 6 Tolerance

11、.,Limitations,VOT check: 4(Ground only). VOR Check point signs: 4(At some airports). Airborne Check: 6(In the Air). Dual VOR Check: 4(In the Air or on the Ground).,Advantages,Freedom of Interference (Static Free) Accuracy Ease of Use (Drift Correction),Enabling Objectives,The principles of operation

12、, equipment required and limitations. The correct serviceability checks. Tracking Inbound and Outbound. Tracking and intercepting predetermined radials. How to determine position by the use of a position fix. Human Factors and Safety Considerations.,TISO,T Tune the freq (see VNC) I Ident Morse Code

13、(see VNC) S- Set HI O- Orientate (twist OBS until CDI centers with a FROM flag),Homing,Getting to the station without drift correction. TISO Center needle with a TO flag, follow heading on OBS. If needle begins to deflect, reset OBS until needle centers again, take up the new heading. Flight path wi

14、ll be a curved path to the VOR.,Tracking Inbound,TISO. Set OBS with a TO indication and the needle centered. Turn on course. If winds create drift, alter heading into wind enough to keep needle centered. Needle will indicate where radial is in relation to a/c. If needle goes left, you correct left.

15、Close to station readings get very sensitive.,Station Passage,Needle becomes extremely sensitive when nearing the station. When getting close to station, dont try to keep needle centered, just maintain heading that allowed for drift correction. Crossing over station, flag will switch from “TO” to “O

16、FF” to “FROM.”,Tracking Outbound,TISO. Set OBS with FROM indication and needle centered. Turn on course. If wind creates drift, alter heading into wind enough to keep needle centered. Needle will indicate where radial is in relation to a/c. If needle goes left, you correct left.,Enabling Objectives,

17、The principles of operation, equipment required and limitations. The correct serviceability checks. Tracking Inbound and Outbound. Tracking and intercepting predetermined radials. How to determine position by the use of a position fix. Human Factors and Safety Considerations.,INTERCEPTING A VOR RADI

18、AL “TO” A STATION,Figure 2-91 FTM pg. 167,INTERCEPTING A VOR RADIAL OUTBOUND,Figure 2-93 FTM pg. 168,Enabling Objectives,The principles of operation, equipment required and limitations. The correct serviceability checks. Tracking Inbound and Outbound. Tracking and intercepting predetermined radials.

19、 How to determine position by the use of a position fix. Human Factors and Safety Considerations.,VOR Position Fix,Use if unsure of position in the air. Need 2 different VOR stations. TISO. Center needle with a “FROM” indication. Draw line out from station on radial that gives centered needle. Repea

20、t for second VOR station. Where the two lines intersect, is your a/c position. Faster you do it, the more accurate. Because the a/c is constantly changing position. Verify with land features.,DETERMINING A VOR FIX “A POSITION FIX”,Figure 2-94 FTM pg. 169,Enabling Objectives,The principles of operati

21、on, equipment required and limitations. The correct serviceability checks. Tracking Inbound and Outbound. Tracking and intercepting predetermined radials. How to determine position by the use of a position fix. Human Factors and Safety Considerations.,Safety Consideration,Always conduct a serviceability check before use. Always do the TISO Check so you dont navigate to the WRONG Station. If VOR checks are beyond allowable tolerances, do not use it. Do not apply a correction facto