完整虚拟语气用法表格归纳图教学总结

1、虚拟语气在if引导从句（条件）的条件句中的用法三点：第四章虚拟语气（一）状语从句中的虚拟语气主句（目的）if+主语+动词的过去式（be用were）主语+would(shouldcouldmight)+动词表示于现在事实相ifihadtime,iwouldattendthe原型反的虚拟条件句meeting.if+主语+had+动词的过去分词主语+would（shouldcouldmight）+have+表示与过去事实相ifhehadhurried,hecouldhave动词的过去分词反的拟条件句caughtthetrain.1、if+主语+动词过去式主语+would（couldshouldmig

2、ht）+动表示与将来事实相2、if+主语+wereto+动词原形词原型反的虚拟条件句3、if+主语+should+动词原形ifiweretogoabroad,iwouldgotoamerica.错综时间条件句有时条件从句中的动作与主句中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这是动作的形主从句时间不一式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。致的情况下的虚拟语气ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbebetternow.ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.有时虚拟条件句并没用if从句表示出来，而是用介词短语（oth

3、erwise，or，without，butfor）上下文或其他方式来表示。含蓄条件句shewouldhavediedwithoutmyhelp.。在if引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中，有时可以把虚拟条件中的连词if省去，而将had，should，were等助动词提到主语之前。例：原句：1:ifshewereyounger,she,woulddoit.去if：weresheyounger,shewoulddoit.2:ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.条件从句中省略if去if:hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim采用

4、倒装语序的情况3:ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.去if:shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.1.表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑，谓语动词用过去式。hetreatstheboyasifhewerehisownson.2.表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。hespokeasifhehadknownaboutit.虚拟语气在asif/as3表示与将来事实相反，(表示将来的可能性不大),用would(might,could)+though引导的方式状语从句中动词原形heactsasi

5、fhecouldwininthegame.注意：1.在asif/asthough句中，如果有可能成为事实，用陈述语气。例：helooksasifhegoingtobeill.2.asthough或asif引导的状语从句，从句主语和主句主语相同时，从句中可省略主语和部分谓语。虚拟语气用在lest，forfearthat，sothat及inorderthat引导谓语动词多用should/could/might+动词原型构成的目的状语从句中表示“以防，以免”等意思forfearthatitmayraintomorrow,weshouldbringanumbrella.（should）+动词原型“in

6、case”引导的从句中即可用陈述句，例：1.thegamewillbeputoffincaseit(should)snow.也可以用虚拟语气2.thegamewillbeputoffincaseitsnows.（二）名词性从句中的虚拟语气一：宾语从句中的虚拟语气1.在动词wish/hope后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气,表示一种不可能实现的愿望。对现在情况的虚拟：从句谓语动词用过去式或过去进行式。iwish(that)iwereabird.对过去情况的虚拟：从句谓语动词用过去完成时，或would，could，might+现在完成时。iwish(that)ihadseenthefilmlastnigh

7、t.对将来情况的虚拟：从句谓语“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。iwish(that)iwouldcouldgo.均以“should+动词原型”表示这种语气，“should”常被省略。wesuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.theyinsistedthattheboy(should)gowiththem.在表示建议，命令，要求，忠告，等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气常用的此类动词有：表示“提议，劝告，建议”的：propose,suggest,recommend,advise.表示“要求”的：ask,desire,req

8、uest,demand,require,beg表示“同意，坚持”的：insist表示“决定，命令”的：decide,order注意：suggest,insist不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事时，即它们用于其本意暗示，表明，坚持认为时，宾语从句用陈述语气。thesmileonhisfacesuggested(暗示）thathewassatisfiedwithourwork.themaninsisted【坚持认为】thathehadneverstolenthemoney.wouldrather，hadrather，谓语动词用过去式表示与现在或将来相反后的宾语从句中的虚拟iwouldratheryou

9、toldmethetruth.语气用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。表示“宁愿做什么”或“对过去做的事的懊悔”。iwouldratheryouhadgonetherelastsunday.注意：1.若某人愿自己做某事，wouldrather后用动词原型2.wouldrather.than中用动词原型iwouldratherdoitbymyself.iwouldratherwatchtvathomethangotothecinema.主语从句中的虚拟语气表达形式为should+动词原形或省略shoulditsquitenecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.“itis(

10、was)+形容词（或过去分词）+that.”结构中的虚拟语气常用的形容词：natural，appropriate，advisable，necessary，important，urgent，probable，possible，desirable，strange。注意：在上述所列形容词后面用that引出的宾语从句中，谓语动词也要用虚拟语气。例：idontthinkitadvisablethattombeassignedtothejobsincehehasnoexperience.(汤姆缺乏经验，指派他做这项工作我认为是不恰当的).表示建议，命令，请求，道歉，怀疑，惊奇等。itsapitythaty

11、ou(should)missagoodchance.在“itis(was)+名词这类名词有：advice，decision，desire，demand，idea，order，pity，proposal，+that.”结构句中的虚recommendation，suggestion，surprise，wish，wonder等。拟语气二表语从句或同位语从句中的虚拟语气表达形式为should+动词原型或直接用动词原型。某些表示建议，请求，命令等主观意向的名词做主语时，其后的表语从句或同位语从句需用虚拟语气myideaisthatwe(should)thinkitoverbeforeacceptingi

12、t.weallagreetothatsuggestionthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.在itisdemanded/suggested/ordered/required.that-clause句型中从句用(should)+动词原型itisdemandedthatweshouldworkoutaplan.这类名词常见的有：demand，desire，requirement，advice，recommendation，suggestion，order，necessity，proposal，plan，idea。在itis(about/high)time+that定语从句

13、中的虚拟语气表示“该做.的时候其动词形式用一般过去时或should+动词原型了”itishightimethatyouwent/shouldgotoschool.注意：在thisisthefirsttime/secondtimethat.句型中，从句中谓语动词用陈述语气完成时态。thisisthesecondtimethatwehaveachievedsuchagreatsuccess.选择题1.ifonlyhe_quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.a.liesb.layc.hadlaind.shouldlie2.how

14、iwisheveryfamily_alargehousewithabeautifulgarden.a.hasb.hadc.willhaved.hadhad3.youdidnotletmedrive.ifwe_inturn,you_sotireda.drove;didntgetb.drove;wouldntgetc.weredriving;wouldntgetd.haddriven;wouldnthavegot4._itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheyangpubridgea.wereb.shouldc.wouldd.will5.isu

15、ggestedtheperson_tobeputintoprisona.refersb.referringc.referredd.refer6.whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_a.breaksb.hasbrokenc.werebrokend.hadbeenbroken7.iinsisted_toseeadoctor,butheinsistednothing_wrongwithhima.onhimtogo;shouldbeb.hewent;bec.hego;wasd.heshouldto;is8.-yourauntinvitesy

16、outothemoviestoday-ihadrathershe_metomorrowthantodaya.tellsb.toldc.wouldtelld.hadtold9.-wouldyouhavecalledheruphaditbeenpossible-yes,buti_busydoingmyhomeworka.wasb.werec.hadbeend.wouldbe10.iwasillthatday,otherwisei_thesportsmeeta.wouldhavetakenpartinb.tookpartinc.hadtakenpartind.wouldtakepartin11._t

17、heclouds,youwouldfindtheairplaneintheskyeasilya.haditnotbeenforb.ifitwerenotc.ifithadnotbeenford.wereitnotfor12.ifmylawyer_herelastsunday,he_mefromgoinga.hadbeen,wouldhavepreventedb.hadbeen,wouldpreventc.were,preventd.were,wouldhaveprevented13._hard,hewouldhavepassedtheexama.ifheweretoworkb.hadhewor

18、kedc.shouldheworkd.werehetowork14._today,hewouldgettherebyfridaya.werehetoleaveb.ifhehadleftc.didhetoleaved.hadheleft15.hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you_allrightnowa.areb.werec.wouldbed.wouldhavebeen16.ididnotseeyoursisteratthemeeting.ifshe_,shewouldhavemetmybrothera.hascomeb.didcomec.comed.hadcome17.h

19、e_busyyesterday,orhe_youwithyourexperiment.a.was,hadhelpedb.was,wouldhavehelpedc.hadbeen,wouldhavehelpedd.were,wouldhavehelped18.ifit_forthesnow,we_themountainyesterdaya.werenot,couldhaveclimbb.werenot,couldclimbc.hadnotbeen,couldhaveclimbedd.hadntbeen,couldclimb19.withoutelectricity,humanlife_quite

20、difficulttodaya.isb.willbec.wouldhavebeend.wouldbe20.-iamgoingtotellherthenews-iwouldassoonyou_heraboutita.didnttellb.donttellc.hadnttelld.wonttell21.mikesfather,aswellashismother,insistedhe_homea.stayedb.couldstayc.hasstayedd.stay22.itwasrequestedthattheplay_againa.shouldputonb.wouldputonc.beputond

21、.puton23.sheinsistedthatadoctor_immediatelya.hadsentforb.sendc.besentford.wassent24.-didyouscoldhimforhiscarelessness-yes,but_ita.idrathernotdob.idrathernothavedonec.ishouldtdod.idbetternotdo25.ifonlyi_mycara.hadntlostb.wouldntlosec.didntlosed.haventlost26.butforwater,it_impossibletoliveintheeartha.

22、isb.wouldc.wered.wouldntbe27.iwouldratheryou_anythingaboutitforthetimebeinga.dob.didntdoc.dontd.didnt28.thekind-heartedcoupletreattheorphanverywellasthoughhe_theirownsona.isb.werec.hadbeend.shouldbe29.howtheoldpeoplewishthatthey_youngoncemorea.wereb.couldbecomec.hadbeend.shouldbe30.itishightimethatw

23、e_ameetingtodiscussthisproblema.holdb.heldc.haveheldd.hadheld31.thethiefclosedhiseyes_he_dyinga.evenif,wasb.though,wouldbec.even,hadbeend.asif,were32.iwishthatyou_suchabadheadachebecauseiamsurethatyouwouldhaveenjoyedtheconcerta.hadnotb.didnothavehadc.hadnthadd.hadnthave33.thechairmaninsistedthatwe_t

24、hequestionagaina.willdiscussb.todiscussc.shoulddiscussd.willbediscussed34.herequestedthatthestudents_themgetincropsa.helpb.tohelpc.helpedd.helping35.theguardatthegateinsistedthateverybody_therulesa.obeysb.obeyc.willobeyd.wouldobey36.iwishi_herethena.wasb.hadbeenc.wered.wouldbe37.itisstrangethathe_ba

25、cksoearlya.cameb.willcomec.hadcomed.shouldhavecome38.mothersuggestedthati_myhomeworkfirstbeforewatchingtva.didb.doc.shalldod.havedone39.mysuggestionisthatthemeeting_offtillnestsundaya.beputb.putc.shouldputd.hadbeenput40.heistalkingsomuchaboutamericaasifhe_therea.hadbeenb.hasbeenc.wasd.been41.theteac

26、herdemandedthattheexam_beforeelevena.mustfinishb.wouldbefinishedc.befinishedd.mustbefinished42.-sorry,joe.ididnotmeanto-dontcallme“joe”,iammr.parkertoyou,and_youforgetit!a.dob.didntc.didd.dont43.ididnotattendthelecturebypro.jackson.i_buti_allthismorninga.would,havewashedb.could,havebeenwashingc.woul

27、dhave,havebeenwashingd.couldhave,hadwashing44.howiwishi_torepairthewatch!ionlymadeitworsea.hadtriedb.hadnttriedc.havetriedd.didnttry45.-howcouldithankyouenough?-dontmentionit.anyotherman_ita.mustdob.coulddoc.wouldhavedoned.shouldhavedone46.keyeuropeangovernmentsinsistiraqsco-operation_goodandmilitar

28、yaction_toallowinspectionstocontinuea.be,bedelayedb.is,delayc.shouldbe,bedelayedd.is,bedelayed47.ifthehurricanehadhappenedduringtheday-time,_moredeathsa.itwouldhavebeenb.itwouldbec.therewouldbed.therewouldhavebeen48.whatthecustomers_fromthecompanyisthatthegoods_righttotheirhomes.a.requested,deliverb.demand,bedeliveredc.request,shoulddeliverd.demand,delivered49.iflaw-breakers_thesocietywillbeindisordera.madeunpunishedb.cameunpunishedc