合并句子学习定语从句导学案设计

1、利用句子合并来学习定语从句定语从句 两个术语：先行词，关系词 先行词：被修饰的名词、名词词组或代词 关系词(关系代词或关系副词)：连接先行词与定语从句的词。关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which 等；关系副词有： when, where, why 等；1、关系词在定语从句中充当主语先行词为人时1)两个单句为 The boys are from Class One. The boys are playing football. 2)第一句为主句，第二句为从句，将两个单句合并为一句。The boys( the boys are playing football )

2、are from Class One.(3) 括号中句子里的主语 the boys, 和先行词是同一个词， 应该用关系词替换从句中重复的 the boys. The boys 在 从句中作主语，关系词中能作主语并代表人的是 who, thatThe boys( whothat are playing football ) are from Class One.(4) whothat=the boys, 在定语从句中做主语的成分，并连接先行词和定语从句。先行词为物时1) I found the letter. The letter came yesterday.2)I found The let

3、ter ( the letter came yesterday).3)用关系词替换从句中重复的 the letter, 关系词中能作主语并代表物的是 which, thatI found The letter (whichthat came yesterday).( 4) whichthat=the letter, 在定语从句中做主语的成分，并连接先行词和定语从句。2. 关系词在定语从句中充当宾语先行词为人时( 1)The man is my friend. You met the man just now( 2) The man (you met the man just now) is m

4、y friend.( 3)用关系词替换从句中重复的the man, 关系词中能作宾语并代表人的是 whom, thatThe man (whomthat you met just now) is my friend.( 4) whomthat=the man, 在定语从句中做宾语的成分，并连接先行词和定语从句。 做宾语的关系词 whomthat 可以省略 The man ( you met just now) is my friend.先行词为物时( 1) This is the pen. He bought the pen yesterday.( 2) This is the pen (he

5、 bought the pen yesterday).( 3)用关系词替换从句中重复的the pen, 关系词中能作宾语并代表物的是 which, thatThis is the pen (whichthat he bought yesterday).( 4) whichthat=the pen, 在定语从句中做宾语的成分，并连接先行词和定语从句。 做宾语的关系词 whichthat 可以省略 This is the pen (he bought yesterday) .3. 关系词在定语从句中充当定语(1) I helped the man. The man s car was broken

6、.(2) I helped the man (the man s car was broken.)the man是名词所有格，起到定语的作用修饰car,用关系词替换从句中重复的the ma n,关系词中能作定语,表示 “谁的 ”是 whoseI helped the man (whose car was broken).(4) whose=the man 在定语从句中做定语，并连接先行词和定语从句。 Whose不但可以表示 谁的”还可以指物，表示 什么的”。例如：I once lived in a house. The roof of the house has falle n in.I on

7、ce lived in a house (the roof of the house has fallen in).I once lived in a house (whose roof has fallen in). 此句还可以改为：I once lived in a house (the roof of which has falle n in).I once lived in a house (of which the roof has falle n in).4. 关系词在定语从句中充当状语时 时间状语(1) I still remember the day. I first came

8、 to the school on the day.(2) I still remember the day (I first came to the school on the day).重复的词是the day, on the day在从句中充当时间状语的成分，关系词中能作时间状语的词是I still remember the day (whe n I first came to the school).(4) when=on the day,在定语从句中做时间状语，并连接先行词和定语从句。地点状语(1) The house has bee n pulled dow nlived in t

9、he house ten years ago.(2) The house (I lived in the house ten years ago) has bee n pulled dow n.重复的词是the house, in the house在从句中做地点状语的成分，关系词中能作地点状语的词是The house (where I lived ten years ago) has bee n pulled dow n.(4) where=in the house,在定语从句中做地点状语，并连接先行词和定语从句。 原因状语(1) The reason is not clear. He re

10、fused the invitation for the reason.(2) The reason (he refused the invitation for the reason ) is not clear.(3) 重复的词是the reason, for the reason在从句中做原因状语的成分，关系词中能作原因状语的词是The reas on( why he refused the in vitati on)is not clear.(4) why=for the reason,在定语从句中做原因状语，并连接先行词和定语从句。另外关系副词 when, where, why可以改

11、为，介词+which,介词取决于与先行词的搭配。 例如：I still remember the day (when I first came to the school).=I still remember the day (on which I first came to the school) .The house (where I lived ten years ago) has bee n pulled dow n.=The house (in which I lived ten years ago)has bee n pulled dow n.whe n.where.why.The

12、 reason (why he refused the invitation)is not clear.=The reason (for which he refused the invitation)is not clear.who, that,whom, that, who,省略 whose关系代词指时间when指地点 where关系副词根据关系词在从句中所充当的成分，可总结如下:”从句缺主语 先行词是人T从句缺宾语一从句缺定语从句缺主语which, that先行词是物一从句缺宾语which, that,省略从句缺定语w hose指原因 why定语从句合并句子例子练习：1.1 have a

13、 frie nd. He likes liste ning to classical music.2. Last week Mary wore the dress. I gave it to her.3. The girl is from America. Her father is a Chin ese.4. Do you know the man? The man spoke just now.5. Who is the man? He is draw ing a picture over there?6. My gran dpare nts live in a house. It is

14、more tha n 100 years old.知识巩固：一、that和which用法的区别(1) 先行词为 all, everything, nothing, something,any thi ng, little, much等不定代词时。I am sure she has somethi ngyou can borrow.Do you have anythingyou don t understand(2) 先行词被 all, every, no, some, any, little, much 等修饰时。I ve read all the booksyou lend me.Pleas

15、e send us any in formatio nyou have about the subject.(3) 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。This is the first bookhe has read.It is the most beautiful cityI ve ever seen.(4) 先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰时。This is the very bookbel ongs to him.He is the only pers onwas prese nt at the time.(5) 先行词既有人又有物

16、时。The famous writer and his worksthe radio broadcast are popular to the stude nts.(6) 先行词是who或which引导的主句。Who is the girldrove the car?(7) 主句以there be引导时。There are more tha n 400,000 peopledied or were injured in the earthquake.2、只用which不用that的情况(1) 关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语(介词提前)。There are many treesthey

17、 can have a rest.This is the ringshe spe nt 1000 dollars.(2) 在非限制性定语从句中。Football,is a very popular game, is played all over the world.二、只用who的情况Onehas nothing to fear dares to tell the truth.The oneslaugh at the disabled are not good stude nts.Anyonefails to finish the task should be puni shed.Those

18、want to go to The Great Wall sigh up here .注： 先行词是 one, ones, anyone, those, he 时用 who.3. 表所有关系及整体中的一部分或全部时，用介词of,有时可用 whose转换。1) I m painting a house, the roofieound.转换 I m painting a houseis round.2) They live in a house,wi ndows face south.转换 They live in a house, the windowsface south.三、关系副词的使用1

19、. whe nwhen代替的先行词是表示时间的名词，在从句中作时间状语。Eg: July is the month when we have a lot of rain.(whe n=in the mon th)My conn ecti on with pan das goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, I was the first Western TVreporter.答案 when2. wherewhere代替的先行词是表示地点的名词，在从句中作地点状语。Eg: Whe n I arrived, Bob took me

20、to see the housewhere I could be stay ing.(where = in the house)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmospherehis employees enjoy their work.(天津真题)【答案】where特别注意：where引导的定语从句还可以修饰表示抽象空间概念的名词，如：case(情 况)situatio n(情形) positio n(位置)stage阶段)poi nt(地步)Eg: I had reached a point in my caree

21、r where I needed to decide which way to go.3. whywhy代替的先行词是表示原因的名词(通常是 the reason),在从句中作原因状语。Eg:The reas on why Bob failed was his careless ness.(why = for the reas on)例句再体验He remembered the day whe n I arrived in this big city.when作时间状语，意为on the dayI went back to the place where I was born and grew

22、 up.where 作地点状语，意为in the placePlease give me the reas on why you were late this time.why作原因状语，意为 for the reason2019年高考英语真题中的定语从句We have en tered into an age _whendreams have the best cha nee of coming true.Their child is at the stage_whereshe can say in dividual words but not full senten ces.四：定语从句训

23、练定语从句单句填空1. Self-driving is an areaChina and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.2. There was once a beautiful girlhated herself because the was bli nd.3. There is usually an interval between the first half and the second halfthe coach will tell his player how to playwell.4. The litt

24、le problemswe meet in our daily lives may be in spirati ons for great inven ti ons.5. I live n ext door to a couplechildre n ofte n make a lot of no ise.6. The boss of the compa ny is trying to create an easy atmospherehis employees enjoy their work.7. As the smallest child of his family, Alex is al

25、ways longing for the timehe should be able to be in depe ndent.8. At that time 1 was in Texas and I had a friendfarmily bus in ess was running hotels.9. She and her family bicycle to work,helps them keep fit.10. Kate,sister I shared a room with whe n we were at college, has gone to work in Australia

26、.11. The best part of the vocabulary-built process is that theres eno ugh room for improveme nt,means youll justkeep getting better and better.12. Like any thi ng, it is possible to have too much of both,is not good for the health.13. My oldest son,work takes him all over the world, is in New York a

27、t the mome nt.14. But my conn ecti on with pan das goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,was the first Wester nTV reporter permitted to film a special unit cari ng for pan das rescued from starvati on in the wild.定语从句真题1. She and her family bicycle to work,helps them keep fit.2. By boat

28、 is the only way to get here,is how we arrived3. Kae,sister I shared aroom with whe n we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.4. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week ，the weather may be better.5. The boss of the compa ny is trying to create an easy atmosphere his employee

29、s enjoy their work.6. I have come around to explain the reas on I was abse nt from the meet ing.7. Like anything， it is possible to have too much fat and salt，is not good for the health.8.ln their spare time， they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden ， is on the rooftop of their hou

30、se.9. Sarah, has taken part in shows along with top models，wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.10. Around me in the picture are the thingswere very important in my life at that time : car magazines and musicalin strume nts.11. My eldest son，work takes him all over the world ， is in

31、New York at the moment.12 .The little problemswe meet in our daily lives may be in spirati ons for great inven ti ons.13n 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme ， one ofpurposes is to relieve world- wide starvation.14 But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid- 1

32、980s, I was the first WesternTV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.15 Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius ， lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC.，influenced the development of chopsticks.16.The study suggests that the cu

33、ltures we grow up in influence the basic processes by we see the world around us.17. Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden,it remained until t he carrot s leafy top accidentally sprouted) through it.18. Many young

34、 people, most ofwere well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.定语从句合并句子例子练习：1.I have a friend. He likes listening to classical music. I have a friend who/that likes listening to classical music.2.Last week Mary wore the dress. I gave it to her.Last week Mary wore the dress (that

35、/which) I gave to her.3.The girl is from America. Her father is a Chinese. The girl whose father is a Chinese is from America.4. Do you know the man? The man spoke just now.Do you know the man who spoke just now?5. Who is the man? He is drawing a picture over there? Who is the man that is drawing a

36、picture over there?6. My grandparents live in a house. It is more than 100 years old.My grandparents live in a house which/that is more than 100 years old.一、 that 和 which 用法的区别1、只能用 that 不用 which 的情况(1) 先行词为 all, everything, nothing, something,anything, little, much 等不定代词时。I am sure she has somethin

37、g _ that _ you can borrow.Do you have anything _ _that_ _ you don t understand (2)先行词被 all, every, no, some, any, little, much 等修饰时。I ve read all the books _that _ you lend me.Please send us any information _ that_ _ you have about the subject.(3) 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。This is the first book _ that _ he ha

38、s read.It is the most beautiful city _ that _ I ve ever seen.(4) 先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰时。This is the very book _ that _ belongs to him.He is the only person _ that _ was present at the time.(5) 先行词既有人又有物时。The famous writer and his works _ that _ the radio broadcast are popula

39、r to the students.(6) 先行词是 who 或 which 引导的主句。Who is the girl _ that _ drove the car?(7) 主句以 there be 引导时。There are more than 400,000 people _ that _ died or were injured in the earthquake. 2、只用 which 不用 that 的情况(1) 关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语(介词提前)。There are many trees under which they can have a rest.This

40、 is the ring on which she spent 1000 dollars.(2) 在非限制性定语从句中。Football, which _ is a very popular game, is played all over the world.二、只用 who 的情况One _who _ has nothing to fear dares to tell the truth.The ones _who _ laugh at the disabled are not good students.Anyonewho _ fails to finish the task shoul

41、d be puni shed.Thosewho _ want to go to The Great Wall sigh up here .注： 先行词是 one, ones, anyone, those, he 时用 who.3.表所有关系及整体中的一部分或全部时，用介词of,有时可用 whose转换。1) I m painting a house, the roof _ f whichis round.转换 I m painting a housewhose roofis round.2) They live in a house,whosewi ndows face south.转换 Th

42、ey live in a house, the windows _ of whichface south.定语从句练习答案定语从句单句填空1. Self-driving is an areawhereChina and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.2. There was once a beautiful girlwho/thathated herself because the was bli nd.3. There is usually an interval between the first half and

43、the second halfwhen_the coach will tell his player how to playwell.4. The little problemsthat/whichwe meet in our daily lives may be in spirati ons for great inven ti ons.5. I live n ext door to a couplewhosechildre n ofte n make a lot of no ise.6. The boss of the compa ny is trying to create an eas

44、y atmospherewherehis employees enjoy their work.7. As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the timewhenhe should be able to be in depe ndent.8. At that time 1 was in Texas and I had a friendwhose_ farmily bus in ess was running hotels.9. She and her family bicycle to work, _w

45、hichhelps them keep fit.10. Kate, _whosesister I shared a room with whe n we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.11. The best part of the vocabulary-built process is that theres eno ugh room for improveme nt,whichmeansyoull just keep getting better and better.12. Like any thi ng, it is po

46、ssible to have too much of both,whichis not good for the health.13. My oldest son,whosework takes him all over the world, is in New York at the mome nt.14. But my conn ecti on with pan das goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,whenwas the firstWestern TV reporter permitted to film a spe

47、cial unit cari ng for pan das rescued from starvati on in the wild.定语从句真题1. She and her family bicycle to work,_ whichhelps them keep fit.2. By boat is the only way to get here, which is how we arrived3. Kae, _whosesister I shared aroom with whe n we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.4.

48、 We will put off the picnic in the park until next week ，_whenthe weather may be better.5. The boss of the compa ny is trying to create an easy atmospherewherehis employees enjoy their work.6. I have come around to explain the reas onwhyI was abse nt from the meet ing.7. Like anything， it is possible to have too much fat and salt，whichis not good for the health.8.In their spare time， they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden， which _ is on the rooftop of theirhouse.9. Sarah, _ whohas taken part in shows along