形容词和副词的比较级和最高级

1、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级一、规则变化1.一般在词尾直接加er或est，例如，tall-taller-tallest，long-longer-longest2.以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st，例如，nice-nicer-nicest3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词，把y变为i，再加er或est，例如，heavy-heavier-heaviest4.重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加er或est，例如，big-bigger-biggest5.部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级，例如，slowly-more slowly-m

2、ost slowly；beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful二、不规则变化下列单、双音节词只能加more和most.形容词，副词等级的用法一、原级的用法1.只能修饰原级的词，very，quite，so，too例如，He is too tired to walk on.他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。My brother runs so fast that I cant follow him.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。2.原级常用的句型结构(1)“甲+be+(倍数)+as+形容词原级+as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的几倍”例如，Tom i

3、s as old as Kate.汤姆和凯特年龄一样大。Tom is twice as old as Kate.汤姆的年龄是凯特的二倍。“甲+实意动词+(倍数)+as+副词原级+as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的几倍”例如，Tom runs as fast as Mike.汤姆和迈克跑得一样快。Tom runs twice as fast as Mike.汤姆跑得速度是迈克的二倍。(2)“甲+be+not+as/so+形容词原级+as+乙”甲不如乙例如，This room is not as/so big as that one. 这个房间不如那个大。“甲+助动词+not+动词原形+

4、as/so+副词原级+as+乙”甲不如乙例如，He doesnt walk as slowly as you.他走路不像你那样慢。二、比较级的用法1.可以修饰比较级的词，much，a lot，far，的多a little，a bit，一点儿even甚至，still仍然例如，Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two.第一课比第二课容易得多。Tom looks even younger than before.汤姆甚至比以前更年轻。This train runs much faster than that one.这辆火车比那辆跑地快。She drives

5、 still more carefully than her husband.她开车仍然比她丈夫还认真。2.比较级常用的句型结构(1)“甲+be+(倍数)+形容词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙”或“甲比乙几倍”例如，Tom is taller than Kate.汤姆比凯特高。This room is three times bigger than that one.这个房间比那个大三倍。“甲+实意动词+(倍数)+副词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙”或“甲比乙几倍”例如，I got up earlier than my mother this morning.我今天早晨起床比我妈妈还早

6、。He runs three times faster than his brother.他跑的速度比他弟弟快三倍。(2)“甲+be+形容词比较级+than+any other+单数名词(+介词短语)”表示“甲比同一范围的任何一个人/物都”，含义是“甲最”。例如，The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.=The Yangtze River is longer than any of the other rivers in China.长江比中国的任何一条其他的河都长。=The Yangtze River is long

7、er than the other rivers in China.长江比中国的其他所有的河都长。=The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.长江是中国最长的河流。注意：The Yangtze Riveris longer than any river in Japan.长江比日本的任何一条河都长。“甲+实意动词+副词比较级+than+anyother+单数名词(+介词短语)”表示“甲比同一范围的任何一个人/物都”，含义是“甲最”。例如，Mike gets to school earlier than any other student i

8、n his class.= Mike gets to school earlier than any of the other students in his class.迈克比他们班上任何一个其他的同学到校都早。= Mike gets to school earlier than the other students in his class.迈克比他们班上其他的同学到校都早。= Mike gets to school earliest in his class.迈克在他们班到校最早。注意：Mike gets to school earlier than any student in Tom

9、s class.迈克比汤姆班上任何一个学生到校都早。(迈克和汤姆不是同一个班)(3)“甲+be+the+形容词比较级+ofthetwo+”表示“甲是两者中较的”。例如，Look at the two boys.My brother is the taller of the two.看那两个男孩，我弟弟是两个当中较高的那个。(4)“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越”。例如，He is getting taller and taller.他变得越来越高了。The flowers are more and more beautiful.花儿越来越漂亮。He does his homework m

10、ore and more carefully.他做作业越来越认真了。(5)“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越，越”。例如，The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes youll make.你越认真，犯的错误越少。(6)“特殊疑问词+be+形容词比较级，甲or乙？”例如，Which is bigger，the earth or the moon？哪一个大，地球还是月球？“特殊疑问词+实意动词+副词比较级，甲or乙？”例如，Who draws better，Jenny or Danny？谁画得比较好，詹妮还是丹尼？3.最高级常用句型结构(1)“主

11、语+be+the+形容词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“是中最的”。例如，Tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students.汤姆是他们班上/所有学生当中最高的。This apple is the biggest of the five.这个苹果是五个当中最大的。“主语+实意动词+(the)+副词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“是中最的”。例如，I jump (the) farthest in my class.我是我们班跳得最远的。(2)“主语+be+oneofthe+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语”表示“是中最之

12、一”。例如，Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.北京是中国最大城市之一。(3)“特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者以上的比较。例如，Which country is the largest，China，Brazil or Canada？哪一个国家最大，中国，巴西还是加拿大？“特殊疑问词+be+the+副词最高级+甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者以上的比较例如，Which season do you like (the) best，spring，summer or autumn？你最喜欢哪一个季节，春天，夏天还是秋天？-

13、例题剖析1 I have_to do today.A.anything importantB.something importantC.important nothingD.important something答案B形容词修饰复合不定代词时应放在其后面。故排除C、D，句意是“我今天有重要的事情要做”，表示肯定用something。2 Is chemistry more difficult than physics？No，chemistry isnt as_as physics.A.easyB.difficultC.easierD.moredifficult答案B(not)asas中应接形容词

14、原级，结合上句“化学没有物理难”，故B是正确的。3.Beijing is becoming_and_.A.more beautiful，moreB.beautiful，beautifulC.more，more beautifulD.more beautiful，more beautiful答案C比较级+and+比较级，表示“越来越”，多音节的形容词“more and more+形容词”。4._ children there are in a family，_their life will be.A.The less，the betterB.The fewer，the betterC.Fewer

15、，richerD.More，poorer答案Bthe+比较级，the+比较级，表示“越越”，由句意得知“家里孩子越少，生活会越好”。children是可数名词，应用few来修饰。5.The experiment was _ easier than we had expected.A.moreB.muchmoreC.muchD.moremuch答案C much可修饰比较级，easier本身已是比较级，不能再用more.6 Oct 15th was one of _ days in 2003.The Shenzhou-V was sent up successfully.A.excitingB.m

16、ore excitingC.the most excitingD.much exciting答案C根据“one of+最高级+复数名词”固定句型应选C。7.Its seven oclock in the afternoon，but they are _ having a meeting.AalreadyB.stillC.yetD.ever答案Bstill意为“仍旧，仍然”，这句话的意思是：现在已经是下午七点，他们仍旧在开会。8.Remember not to speak _ when we are in the reading room.A.fastB.slowlyC.politelyD.lo

17、udly答案D“在阅览室里不要大声说话”，副词loudly修饰动词speak.9.“_ has this food store been in business？”“Since 2001.”A.How longB.How oftenC.How oldD.How soon答案A“since+过去时间点”为“从过去的某一时间到现在”，表示一段时间，故选“how long”.10.What was the weather like yesterday？It was terrible.It rained so _ that people could _ go out.A.hardlyhardB.har

18、dlyhardlyC.hardhardlyD.hardhard答案Crain在句中是动词，作谓语，后面用副词修饰，hard作副词，是“猛烈地”的意思，hardly是“几乎不”的意思。-同步练习1.What a _ cough！You seem_ill.A.terrible，terriblyB.terribly，terribleC.terrible，terribleD.terribly，terribly2.I feel even_now.A.badB.wellC.worseD.worst3.She was very happy. She ran_of all the runners.A.fast

19、estB.the quickestC.slowestD.quickly4.Keep quiet，please.Its_noisy here.A.many tooB.too manyC.much tooD.too much5.Have you _ spoken to a foreigner？No，_.A.already，neverB.ever，neverC.yet，alreadyD.ever，ever6.He is taller than_in his class.A.any boyB.anyC.any other boyD.some other boys7.Ill go and visit y

20、ou _ next week.A.sometimeB.sometimesC.some timesD.some time8.The car is running_.It seems to be flying.A.more and fasterB.more and fastC.fast and fastD.faster and faster9.English is as _ as Chinese.You should learn it well.A.importantB.more importantC.the most importantD.much more important10.Music

21、is not so useful as science.Its _ useful than science.A.fewerB.lessC moreD.a lot11.Weve never heard of_story before.A.such a strangeB.such strangeC.so a strangeD.so strange12.You must wear glasses.They can keep your eyes_.A.softB.safeC.safelyD.safety13.Pass my glasses to me，Jack.I can_read the words in the newspaper.A.h