电大桥梁工程期末考试试卷+答案小抄

1、一、单项选择题（15题，每题2分）1. 桥梁总长是指： a a桥梁两桥台台背前缘间的距离 b桥梁结构两支点间的距离c桥梁两个桥台侧墙尾端间的距离 d各孔净跨径的总和2. 桥梁的建筑高度是指： a a桥面与桥跨结构最低边缘的高差 b桥面与墩底之间的高差c桥面与地面线之间的高差 d桥面与基础底面之间的高差3. 单向桥面板是指长宽比的周边支承桥面板： c a大于 1 b等于或大于 2 c等于或小于 2 d小于 24. 人群荷载属于： b a永久作用 b可变作用 c其它可变荷载 d偶然作用5. 主梁配置预应力束筋、主筋、斜筋以及作各种验算时，需要主梁的： d a弯矩图 b剪力图 c影响线图 d内力包络

2、图6. 桥梁按体系划分可分为： a a梁桥、拱桥、刚架桥、缆索承重桥以及组合体系桥b简支梁桥、悬臂梁桥、连续梁桥和连续刚构桥c木桥、钢桥、圬工桥、钢筋砼桥和预应力砼桥d公路桥、铁路桥、人行桥和农用桥7. 刚性横梁法的基本假定为： b a横梁的刚度与主梁相同 b横梁的刚度为无穷小c横梁的刚度为无穷大 d横梁的刚度小于主梁刚度8. 均匀温度场中连续梁桥将： b a产生结构自应力和次应力 b只产生结构自应力c只产生结构次应力 d既不产生结构自应力也不产生结构次应力9. 我国现行规范中，桥梁设计采用的作用分为： a a永久作用、可变作用、偶然作用b永久作用、基本可变作用、其它可变作用c恒载、可变作用、

3、地震力d结构自重、车辆作用、偶然作用10. 在桥梁施工中，预拱度的大小通常取： c a全部恒载所产生的竖向挠度b全部恒载和全部活载所产生的竖向挠度c全部恒载和一半活载所产生的竖向挠度d全部活载所产生的竖向挠度11. 用刚性横梁法计算出的某梁荷载横向分布影响线的形状是： a a直线 b折线 c曲线 d拋物线12. 顶推法施工适合的桥梁结构形式为： d a钢筋混凝土连续梁 b变截面预应力混凝土连续梁 c跨度较少的连续梁 d多跨等截面预应力混凝土连续梁13. 预应力能够增加混凝土梁跨度的主要原因是：c a钢筋数量增加 b混凝土强度提高c预应力使混凝土全截面参与工作 d桥梁截面构造合理14. 在以下关

4、于先张梁和后张梁的表述中，正确的是： b a预应力筋张拉时混凝土的龄期不同 b各束预应力筋张拉次序不同c一个是有粘结，一个是无粘结 d一个有锚具，一个没有锚具15. 均布荷载下，上承式拱桥的合理拱轴线是： d a圆弧 b二次拋物线 c对数曲线 d悬链线二、判断题 （5题，每题2分）1在同一座连续梁桥中，主梁自重内力与采用的施工方法无关，因为主梁自重内力只与它的计算跨径和自重的分布情况有关。（ x ）2对于坡桥，宜将滑动支座设置在标高较高的墩台上。（ ）3计算主梁的弯矩时，可在全跨内取用相同的荷载横向分布系数。（ x ）4连续板桥在支点处产生负弯矩，对跨中弯矩起到卸载作用，故可以比简支梁桥的跨径

5、做得大一些或其厚度比同跨径的简支梁做得薄一些。（ r ）5连续刚构桥的受力特点与连续梁桥接近，故其桥墩的构造可与连续梁桥类似，即对桥墩的刚度和高度没有什么特殊要求。（ ）三、简答题（在下列6题中任选5题，每题6分）1比较分析简支体系梁桥、悬臂体系梁桥、连续梁桥力学特点的异同点。简支： 主要受弯矩和剪力。 悬臂体系： 主要是拉力。 连续梁体系： 主要是跨中受力， 支座处为负弯矩。 2车道荷载和车辆荷载的适用场合。车道荷载由均布荷载和集中荷载组成。桥梁结构的整体计算采用车道荷载，桥梁结构的局部加载、涵洞、桥台和挡土墙土压力等的计算采用车辆荷载。车道荷载与车辆荷载的作用不得叠加。3设置桥面横坡的作用

6、及设置方法。作用： 迅速排除雨水，保护桥面板设置方法： 板桥：横坡直接设在 墩（台）顶部找坡 装配式肋梁桥：桥面板上先铺 一层三角垫层（不很宽的梁） 宽桥：将桥面板做成倾斜的 调整各片梁的标高4对于由翼板和腹板焊接成的钢板梁，其竖向和横向加劲肋应该布置的位置。5对于横向由多片主梁组成的简支梁，需要通过哪些构造来保证其受力的整体性？（横隔板，横隔梁 加横向支撑体系。）page 94 6桥面铺装层的作用及要求。作用： 保护主梁不受车辆轮胎磨耗 防止主梁遭受雨水侵蚀 对车轮荷载起分布作用 减弱对桥的冲击 要求 抗车辙、行车舒适、抗滑、不透水四、分析计算题（在下列4题中任选3题，每题10分）1画一座典

7、型的三跨悬索桥的立面图（包括基础），标出主要组成部分的名称，指出各主要组成部分的受力特点或作用。当桥上有车辆荷载时，说明其主要传力途径。p266 桥梁工程（下） 2平衡悬臂法施工的三跨连续梁，计算其主梁自重内力应经过哪五个主要阶段？请画出各阶段主梁自重内力计算图。桥梁工程下page 12 3某计算跨径l19.5m的桥梁，横向有5片t梁组成，各梁横截面均相等，假定横隔梁具有足够的连接刚度，试用偏心压力法，求汽车荷载位于跨中截面时，2号梁的荷载横向影响线。（搞定）p144页 类似（题型）下册题3图待添加的隐藏文字内容34如下图所示的预应力混凝土简支梁桥中配有一拋物线预应力筋，预应力筋的线形为二次拋

8、物线，方程为y = 4fx2 / l2，坐标系如图，预应力筋的有效预加力为p（不计沿程损失），在梁端的锚固力方向水平倾角为。（1）写出等效荷载值的表达式；（2）画出该梁在预应力作用下的弯矩图和轴力图。题4图winger tuivasa-sheck, who scored two tries in the kiwis 20-18 semi-final win over england, has been passed fit after a lower-leg injury, while slater has been named at full-back but is still recove

9、ring from a knee injury aggravated against usa.both sides boast 100% records heading into the encounter but australia have not conceded a try since josh charnleys effort in their first pool match against england on the opening day.aussie winger jarryd hayne is the competitions top try scorer with ni

10、ne, closely followed by tuivasa-sheck with eight.but it is recently named rugby league international federation player of the year sonny bill williams who has attracted the most interest in the tournament so far.the kiwi - with a tournament high 17 offloads - has the chance of becoming the first pla

11、yer to win the world cup in both rugby league and rugby union after triumphing with the all blacks in 2011.id give every award back in a heartbeat just to get across the line this weekend, said williams.the (lack of) air up there watch mcayman islands-based webb, the head of fifas anti-racism taskfo

12、rce, is in london for the football associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend citys premier league match at chelsea on sunday.i am going to be at the match tomorrow and i have asked to meet yaya toure, he told bbc sport.for me its about how he felt and i would like to speak to him f

13、irst to find out what his experience was.uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against cskafor the racist behaviour of their fans duringcitys 2-1 win.michel platini, president of european footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.cska said they

14、 were surprised and disappointed by toures complaint. in a statement the russian side added: we found no racist insults from fans of cska. baumgartner the disappointing news: mission aborted.the supersonic descent could happen as early as sunda.the weather plays an important role in this mission. st

15、arting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. the balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. it will climb higher

16、 than the tip of mount everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. as he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.the balloon will slowly

17、 drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( then, i would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an olympic diving platform.they blew it in 2008 when they got caught cold in the final and they will not make the same mistake against the kiwis in manchester.five years ago they cru

18、ised through to the final and so far history has repeated itself here - the last try they conceded was scored by englands josh charnley in the opening game of the tournament.that could be classed as a weakness, a team under-cooked - but i have been impressed by the kangaroos focus in their games since then.they have been concentrating on the sort of stuff that wins you tough, even contests - strong defence, especially on their own goal-line, completing sets and a good kick-chase. theyve been great at all the unglamorous stuff that often goes unnotice