2020年公共英语五级考试(PETS-5)考前预测试卷及答案

1、2020 年公共英语五级考试 (PETS-5) 考前预测试卷及答案Section Use of English( 15 minutes)Read the following text and fill each of the numberedspaces with ONE suitable word.Write your answers on ANSWERSHEET 1.Children who grip their pens too close to the writingpoint are likely to be at a disadvantage inexaminations,_ (3

2、1) to the first serious investigationinto the way in which writing technique can dramaticallyaffect edu-cational achievement.The survey of 643 children and adults, ranking from pre-school to 40-plus, also suggests _(32) pen-holdingtechniques have detedorated sharply over one generation, withteachers

3、 now paying far _( 33 ) atten-tion to correctpen grip and handwriting style.Stephanie Thomas, a learning support teacher_ (34)findings have been published, was inspired to in-vestigatethis area _(35) he noticed that those students who hadthe most trouble with spelling_ (36) had a poor pen grip.While

4、 Mr. Thomas could not establish a significantstatistical link_ (37) pen-holding style and accuracy inspelling, he_ (38) find huge differences in techniquebe-tween the young children and the mature adults, and adefmite _(39) between near-point gripping and slow,illegible writing.People who_ (40) thei

5、r pens at the writing pointalso show other characteristics_ (41) inhibit learning,_(42) as poor posture, leaning too _(43) to thedesk, using four fingers to grip the pen _(44) thanthree, and clumsy positioning of the thumb (which can obscure_(45) is being written).Mr. Thomas believes that the _(46)

6、between elder andyounger writers is _( 47 ) too dramatic to be accountedfor simply by the possibility that people get better atwriting as they grow _(48) . He attrib-utes it to afailure to teach the most effective methods, pointing outthat the differences between _(49) groups coincides withthe aband

7、onment of formal handwriting instruction inclassrooms in the sixties. The 30-year-old showed a hugediversity of grips,_ (50)the over 40s group all had auniform tripod grip. Section Reading Comprehension( 50 minutes)Part A ：Read the following texts and answer the questionswhich accompany them by choo

8、sing A, B, C or D. Mark youranswers on ANSWER SHEET 1.Text 1In a three-month period last year, two Brooklynites hadto be cut out of their apartments and carried to hospital onstretchers designed for transporting small whales. TheNational Association to Advance Fat Acceptance(NAAFA)arguesthat it was

9、not their combined 900kg bulk that made them ill.Obesity, according to NAAFA, is not bad for you. And, even ifit was, there is nothing to be done about it, because genesdictate weight. Attempting to eat less merely slowsmetabolism, having people as chubby as ever.This is the fadash movement that cau

10、ses America sslimming industry so much pain. In his book Bin FatLies(Ballantine, 1996), Glenn Gaesser says that no study yethas convincingly shown that weight is an independent cause ofhealth problems. Fatness does not kill people; things likehypertension, coronary heart diseases and cancer do. Mi-c

11、haelFnmento, author of The Fat of the Land (Viking, 1997), ananti-fatlash diatribe, compares Dr Gaessers logic withsaying that the guillotine did not kill Louis XVI Rather, itwas the severing of his vertebrae, the cutting of all theblood vessels in his neck, and., the trauma caused by hishead droppi

12、ng several feet into a wicker basket.Being fat kills in several ways. It makes people far morelikely to suffer from heart disease or high blood pres-sure.Even moderate obesity increases the chance of contractingdiabetes. Being 40% overweight makes people 30% - 50% morelikely to die of cancer, accord

13、ing to the American CancerSociety. Extreme fatness makes patients so much less likelyto survive surgery that many doctors refuse to operate untilthey slim.The idea that being overweight is caused by obesity genesis not wholly false ： researchers have found a number ofgenes that appear to make some p

14、eople burn off energy at aslower rate. But genes are not destiny. The differencebetween someone with a genetic predisposition to gain weightand someone without appears to be roughly 40 calori-es-or aspoonful of mayonnaise-a day.An alternative fatlash argument, advanced in books suchas Dean Onrush s

15、Eat More, Weight Less ( Harper Collies,1993 ) and Date Atrens s Don t Diet ( William Morrow, 1978),is that fatness is not a matter of eating too much. They notethat as Americans weight has ballooned over the last fewdecades, their reported caloric intake has plunged. Thissimply explains people s own

16、 recollection of how much theyeat is extremely unreliable. And as they grow fatter, peoplefeel guilty and are more likely to fib about how much theyeat. All reputable studies show that eating less andexercising reduce weight.Certainly, the body s metabolism slows a little when youlose weight, becaus

17、e it takes less energy to carry less bulkaround, and because dieting can make the body fear it isabout to starve. But a sensible low-fat diet makes weightloss possible. The fatlash movement is dangerous, becauseslimmers will often find any excuse to give up.To tell peoplethat it is healthy to be obe

18、se is to encourage them to livesick and die young.51. The two Brooklynites in the first paragraph were _A members of the NAAFAB typical victims of overweight C members of the fatlash movement D proof that the fatlash movement is gaining strength52. The National Association to Advance Fat Acceptanceh

19、olds that _A fat people should try to lose weight B eating less is harmful to people s healthC fat people were horn that way D obesity is good for people53. What can be concluded according to the authors viewof the obesity genes?A People with a genetic inclination to gain weight Canslim. B People wh

20、o are horn fat will remain that way alllife. C All efforts to lose weight will prove fruitless. D Fat people can live a very happy life, too.54. The word fib in the fourth sentence of Paragraph 5,probably means _ A to tell the truth B to reduce C to increase D to tell a small lie55. Which of the fol

21、lowing statements is true? A Americans caloric intake has dropped over the lastfew decades. B Many people who try to lose weight give up half way. C Americans are always aware of how much they eat. D Obesity does no harm to people s health.Text 2The issue of online privacy in the Internet age found

22、newurgency following the Sept. ll terrorist attacks, sparkingdebate over striking the correct balance between protectingcivil liberties and attempting to prevent another tragicterrorist act. While preventing terrorism certainly is ofparamount importance, privacy rights should not be deemedirrelevant

23、.In response to the attacks, Congress quickly passedlegislation that included provisions expanding rights ofinvesti-gators to intercept wire, oral and electroniccommunications of alleged hackers and terrorists. Civilliberties groups ex-pressed concerns over the provisions andurged caution in ensurin

24、g that efforts to protect our nationdo not result in broad government authority to erode privacyrights of U. S. citizens. Nevertheless, causing furtherconcern to civil liberties groups, the Department of Justiceproposed exceptions to the attorney-client privilege. On Oct.30, Attorney General John As

25、hcroft approved an interim agencyrule that would permit federal prison authorities to monitorwire and electronic communications between lawyers and theirclients in federal custody, including those who have been de-tained but not charged with any crime, whenever surveillanceis deemed necessary to pre

26、vent violence or terrorism.In light of this broadening effort to reach intocommunications that were previously believed to be off-limits,the issue of online privacy is now an even morepressing concern. Congress has taken some legislative stepstoward en-suring online privacy, including the Children s

27、Online Privacy Protection Act, and provided privacyprotections for certain sectors through legislation such asthe Financial Services Modernization Act. The legislationpassed to date does not, however, provide a statutory schemefor protecting general online consumer privacy. Lackingdefinitive federal

28、 law, some states passed their own measures.But much of this legislation is incomplete or not enforced.Moreover, it becomes unworkable when states create differentprivacy standards; the Intemet does not know geographicboundaries,and companies and individuals cannot be expectedto comply with differin

29、g, and at times conflicting, privacyrules.An analysis earlier this year of 751 U. S. andinternational Web sites conducted by Consumers Internationalfound that most sites collect personal information but failto tell consumers how that data will be used, how security ismaintained and what fights consu

30、mers have over their owninformation.At a minimum, Congress should pass legislation requiringWeb sites to display privacy policies prominently, in-formconsumers of the methods employed to collect client data,allow customers to opt out of such data collection,andprovide customer access to their own da

31、ta that has alreadybeen collected. Although various Intemet privacy bills wereintroduced in the 107th Congress, the focus shifted toexpanding government surveillance in the wake of the ter-rorist attacks. Plainly, government efforts to preventterrorism are appropriate. Exactly how these exigent circ

32、um-stances change the nature of the online privacy debate isstiff to be seen.56. Concerning the protection of privacy and increasedsurveillance of communication, the author seems to insist on A the priority of the former action B the execution of the latter at the expense of theformerC tightening bo

33、th policies at the same time D a balance between the two actions57. The author implies in the second paragraph that _ A the proposal of the Department of Justice isunjustified B surveillance of any suspect communication isnecessary C civil liberties groups should not have shown suchgreat concern D e

34、xceptions should be made in interceptingcommunications58. In the eyes of the author, the Financial ServiceModernization Act _ A serves no more than as a new patch on an old robe B indicates the Congress s admirable move to protectprivacy C invades online consumer privacy rather than protectit D is d

35、eficient in that it leaves many sectorsunshielded59. Privacy standards made by individual states areineffective because _ A the standards of different states contradict eachother B online communication is not restricted to any state C these standards ignore the federai law on thematter D these stand

36、ards are only applicable to regional Websites60. The expression opt out of such data collection ( inthe last paragraph) probably means _ A pick out from such data the information one needs B shift through such data to collect one s owninformation C evaluate the purpose for such data collection D cho

37、ose not to be involved in such data collectioText 3The man behind this notion, Jack Maple, is a dandy whoaffects dark glasses, homburgs( 翘边帽)and two-toe shoes;yethe has become something of a legend in Americas policedepartments. For some years, starting in New York and movingon to high-crime spots s

38、uch as New Orleans and Philadelphia,he and his business partner, John Linder have marketed a two-tier system for cutting crime.First, police departments have to sort themselves out ：root out corruption, streamline their bureaucracy, and makemore contact with the public. Second, they have to adopt ac

39、omputer system called Comstat which helps them to analyzestatistics of all major crimes. These are constantly keyedinto the computer, which then displays where and when theyhave occurred on a color-coded map, enabling the police tomonitor crime trends as they happen and to spot high-crimeareas. In N

40、ew York, Comstats statistical maps are analyzedeach week at a meeting of the citys police chief andprecinct captains.Messrs Maple and Linder ( specialists in crime-reductionservices ) have no doubt that their system is a maincontributor to the drop in crime. When they introduced it inNew Orleans in

41、January 1997, violent crime dropped by22% in ayear;when they merely started working informally with thepolice department in Newark, New Jersey, vi-olent crime fellby 13%. Police departments are now lining up to pay as muchas $50, 000 a month for these two men to put them straight.Probably all these

42、new policies and bits of technicalwizardry, added together, have made a big difference to crime.But there remain anomalies that cannot be explained, such asthe fact that crime in Washington D. C. , has fallen as fastas anywhere, although the police department has been corruptand hopeless and, in lar

43、ge stretches of the city, neitherpolice nor residents seem disposed to fight the criminals intheir midst.The more important reason for the fall in crime rates,many say, is a much less sophisticated one. It is a fact thatcrime rates have dropped as the imprisonment rate soared. In1997 the national in

44、carceration rate, at 645 per 100,000people was more than double the rate in 1985, and the numberof inmates in city and county jails rose by 9.4%, almostdouble its annual average increase since 1990. Surely somecriminologist argue, one set of figures is the cause of theother. It is precise because mo

45、re people are being sent toprison, they claim that crime rates are falling.A 1993 studyby the National Academy of Sciences actualiy concluded thatthe tripling of the prison population be-tween 1975 and 1989had lowered violent crime by 10-15%.Yet cause and effect may not be so obviously linked. Tobeg

46、in with, the sale and possession of drugs are not countedby the FBI in its crime index, which is limited to violentcrimes and crimes against property. Yet drug of-fencesaccount for more than a third of the recent increase in thenumber of those jailed; since 1980, the incarceration ratefor drug arres

47、ts has increased by 1,000%. And although aboutthree-quarters of those going to prison for drugoffences havecommitted other crimes as well, there is not yet a crystal-clear connection between filling the jails withdrug-pushersand a decline in the rate of violent crime. Again, thoughnational figures a

48、re suggestive, local ones di-verge ： theplacer where crime has dropped most sharply( such as New YorkCity)are not always the places where in-carceration has risenfastest.61. Jack Maple started his career in _ A Philadelphia B Oregon C New Orleans D New York62. According to,Jack Maple, to cut crime _

49、 A the,heads of police department should make morecontact with the criminals B the government should educate the residents more Ca computer system called Comstat should be adopted bythe policeD tbe criminals should be severely punished63. ln New Yerk_. A violent crime dropped by 23% in one year B po

50、lice departments pay as much as $ 50, 000 forJack Maple C the crime rate is high D Comstats statistical maps are analyzed every week64. The meaning of the word anomalies in the secondline of 4th paragraph is _ A something strange B enjoyable things C anormally D comparison65. It can be inferred from

51、 the passage that _ A the drop of crime rote is caused by Jack Maplesstwo-tier system B the drop of crime rate is caused by the increasedimprisonment C it is difficult to identify the exact cause for thefall of crime rate D the increased imprisonment is not the reason forthe fall of crime rateText 3

52、The man behind this notion, Jack Maple, is a dandy whoaffects dark glasses, homburgs( 翘边帽)and two-toe shoes;yethe has become something of a legend in Americas policedepartments. For some years, starting in New York and movingon to high-crime spots such as New Orleans and Philadelphia,he and his busi

53、ness partner, John Linder have marketed a two-tier system for cutting crime.First, police departments have to sort themselves out ：root out corruption, streamline their bureaucracy, and makemore contact with the public. Second, they have to adopt acomputer system called Comstat which helps them to a

54、nalyzestatistics of all major crimes. These are constantly keyedinto the computer, which then displays where and when theyhave occurred on a color-coded map, enabling the police tomonitor crime trends as they happen and to spot high-crimeareas. In New York, Comstats statistical maps are analyzedeach

55、 week at a meeting of the citys police chief andprecinct captains.Messrs Maple and Linder ( specialists in crime-reductionservices ) have no doubt that their system is a maincontributor to the drop in crime. When they introduced it inNew Orleans in January 1997, violent crime dropped by22% in ayear;

56、when they merely started working informally with thepolice department in Newark, New Jersey, vi-olent crime fellby 13%. Police departments are now lining up to pay as muchas $50, 000 a month for these two men to put them straight.Probably all these new policies and bits of technicalwizardry, added together, have made a big difference to crime.But there remain anomalies that cannot be explained, such asthe fact that crime in Washington D. C. , has fal