施工组织设计外文文献翻译中英文

1、外文文献翻译(含：英文原文及中文译文) 文献出处： Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research, 2015, 3(2):281-294.英文原文Importance of construction organization designG BaeckerAbstractDuring the construction process of a construction project, the advantages and disadvantages of the construction organization scheme not o

2、nly directly affect the quality of the project, but also have an important impact on the duration and the safety of the personnel during the construction process. The construction organization is an important technical and economic document for the project construction and guidance of project constr

3、uction. Can adjust the contradiction of personnel, machinery, raw materials, environment, process, equipment, civil construction, installation, management, production, etc. in construction. It is necessary to supervise and control the construction organization design so as to ensure the project qual

4、ity with high quality, low cost, and less Energy consumption is completed.Key words: Project Management, Construction Organization, Program ImportanceConstruction organization design is the conception and specific arrangement of the entire construction process of the engineering construction project

5、. It is the core and soul of the construction organization management work. Its purpose is to make the project faster, better quality, and more efficient. Make the whole project get relatively optimal results in the construction.1. The reason for the importance of the design of construction organiza

6、tionThe construction project and its construction have three characteristics: fixed and fluidity, diversity and individuality, large body and long construction period. Therefore, the construction of each construction project must be carried out. This is because: The production of other general indus

7、trial products has its own fixed, long-term factory. The construction of the building is fluid, and it is impossible to establish such a factory. It is only when each construction project is constructed that a corresponding, temporary construction site preparation like the nature of the plant is emp

8、loyed. The unique features of construction and the characteristics of construction mobility determine that each construction project must select the appropriate equipment and labor organization. The selection of construction methods, the formulation of construction technology plans, and the organiza

9、tion of workforces and implements are collectively referred to as construction work capacity allocation. The characteristics of the construction cycle have determined that the supply of various labors, equipment and many materials and materials technologies will take a long time. This will result in

10、 the construction and design of materials and technologies that are compatible with the overall construction schedule. From this we can see that construction organization design is very important in project management.2. The importance of construction organization designAs a product, building produc

11、ts play an extremely important role in project management throughout the construction process. The construction organization of the engineering construction project has a close relationship with its engineering cost. The basic contents of the construction organization design include: project overvie

12、w and construction condition analysis, construction plan, construction process, construction schedule plan, and general plan of construction. There are also economic analysis and construction preparation work plans. Among them, the determination of the construction plan and construction process is m

13、ore important. For example, the selection of construction machinery, the selection of horizontal transportation methods, the construction methods of the earthwork, the construction methods of the main structure and the selection of the construction technology all directly affect the project budget.

14、The price changes. Under the premise of guaranteeing project quality and satisfying the owners use requirements and construction period requirements, optimizing the construction plan and construction process is an important measure and method to control investment and reduce construction project cos

15、t.2.1 The construction organization plan affects the quality of the project to a great extent. Therefore, a reasonable project organization plan is not only the basis for ensuring the successful completion of the project, but also the basis for project safety. The construction organization design is

16、 an important part of the construction engineering design documents. It is the main basis for preparing the project investment budget and the main reference for the preparation of bidding documents. Therefore, careful construction of the construction organization will have a very important role in d

17、etermining the project cost and reducing the investment in the project, which will help control the construction cost.2.2 The construction organization plan is an important means for scientific management of construction activities. It has the dual role of strategic deployment and tactical arrangeme

18、nts. It embodies the requirements for realizing the basic construction plan and design, provides the contents of the construction preparation work in each phase, and coordinates the mutual relations between each construction work area, each construction work type, and each voluntary work in the cons

19、truction process. The construction organization plan must be able to determine the basic combination of various factors of production based on the characteristics and requirements of the engineering product and the current and possible winning construction conditions. It is impossible to carry out a

20、ny production without effectively solving the problem.3. Index calculation and analysis of construction organization designAt present, what indicators should be established in the construction organization design are not uniform and the calculation method is not standardized. As it is a yardstick fo

21、r evaluating the overall effect of construction organization design and evaluation of implementation status, it is also the basis for examining the level and effect of production, operation and management of the unit (project department) that undertakes construction. We should pay attention to the f

22、ollowing suggestions.3. 1 indicator system. The index system should be set up to reflect the level reached by the construction organizations design goals and provide convenience for evaluation, assessment, and implementation.3. 2 Index calculations. (1) Construction preparation period. From the star

23、t of site preparation to the full time of formal project start-up. (2) Unit project duration. The construction period arranged by the unit construction schedule. (3) Labor imbalance coefficient. The ratio of the peak number of construction period to the average number of people. (4) Reduce the cost.

24、 Technical organization measures to lower the cost of price results. (5) Reduce the cost rate. The percentage of cost reduction in contracted costs. (6) The degree of construction mechanization. The ratio of the completion value of mechanical construction to the project contracting cost. (7) The deg

25、ree of factory construction. Prefabrication plant (quarry, quarry) The ratio of the completed production value to the engineering contracting cost. (8) Proportion of temporary engineering investment. The ratio of all temporary engineering investment and project contracting cost. (9) Proportion of te

26、mporary engineering expenses. All Temporary Project Cost Reducing Ratio of Charges and Engineering Contract Costs.3. 3 Indicators Analysis. Compared with the historical actual level of similar projects, the construction organization design index can evaluate the effect of the construction organizati

27、on design; The comparison of indicators of different construction organization design schemes can be used to optimize the program; The weighted values of previous indicators of the same type of previous projects can be analyzed, which can be used as the future The basis of bidding.4. Management of c

28、onstruction organization designWith the establishment of a socialist market economy, the competition in the construction market has become increasingly fierce, and the objective situation has become increasingly demanding for construction companies. Not only does it require higher requirements in te

29、rms of technical equipment, personnel quality, and construction organizers, but it also faces new challenges in engineering economic management. In the rigorous construction market situation, some construction companies did not actively take response measures and did not update or train employees pr

30、ofessional skills. The management level of science and technology is quite backward. In addition, it did not pay enough attention to the preparation of auditing construction organization design. Therefore, the following common situations will occur:4.1 There is no preparation of auditing before the

31、commencement of the construction of the organization design: do not engage in the layout of the construction plan, the material indiscriminately put. There are no guarantee measures for the shipment of earth moving in and out, mechanical equipment, unplanned labor demand, project quality, and safe c

32、onstruction. The phenomenon of wasting waste from workers is serious and the management level is low.4.2 Whether it is a professional to compile the construction organization design: In order to deal with the inspections of the superior department and supervision unit and Party A, the construction p

33、ersonnel shall design the construction organization design on behalf of the construction worker or the information officer. Because the data was not known about the current construction management but was recently arranged by the leadership, it had to be created and dealt with indiscriminately.4.3 T

34、he level of construction organization design is low: Some construction companies do not understand the importance of the construction organization in the construction process, write down the sub-item construction process, draw the floor plan, and the project schedule, and they think that it is the c

35、onstruction organization, designed.4.4 Technology Abandonment Economy: A considerable number of construction enterprise units are preparing the construction organization design. Only pay attention to the technical measures of each sub-project in the construction organization. The content of the econ

36、omic indicators of the sub-item was not taken into consideration, which caused continuous disputes during the settlement of the project and caused economic losses. Therefore, we must manage the construction organization design:(1) Implement dynamic managementDuring the construction process, it will

37、inevitably encounter unexpected problems, such as design changes, natural factors, etc. Changes in the construction process at each stage will result in the adjustment of on-site plans. Therefore, dynamic management must be carried out according to the changed site conditions. , Make necessary modif

38、ications, supplements, and optimizations to the inappropriate parts of the construction organization design to achieve the established construction goals.(2) Implement hierarchical managementThe implementation of project law construction, the separation of management and operation layers, and the gr

39、adual reduction of fixed workers will inevitably lead to the phenomenon of general contracting and subcontracting. The successful bidders have changed from direct management of the past to direct technical disclosure to indirect management and indirect technologies. As a result, management should be

40、 layered according to the design of the construction organization, and the technical authority, responsibilities and working procedures of the general contracting and subcontracting units, management and operation layers should be clearly defined.5 ConclusionDuring the construction of the project, t

41、he organization and design of the construction must be supervised and controlled to ensure the orderly construction of the project and prevent the construction organization from flowing into the form. Construction organization design is a powerful measure to ensure project quality, safety and progre

42、ss. Under certain resource conditions, the technical and economic benefits of the project can be achieved, and the purpose of win-win construction and economic benefits can be achieved.中文译文施工组织设计的重要性G Baecker摘要建筑工程在施工过程中，施工组织方案的优劣不仅直接影响工 程 的质量，对工期及施工过程中的人员安全也有重要影响。施工组 织是项目建设和指导工程施工的重要技术经济文件。能调节施工中 人

43、员、机器、原料、环境、工艺、设备、土建、安装、管理、生产 等矛盾，要对施工组织设计进行监督和控制，才能科学合理的保证 工程项目高质量、低成本、少耗能的完成。关键词：项目管理施工组织方案重要性施工组织设计就是对工程建设项目整个施工过程的构思设想 和具体安排，是施工组织管理工作的核心和灵魂。其目的是使工程 速度快、质量好、效益高。使整个工程在施工中获得相对的最优效果。1编制施工组织设计重要性的原因建筑工程及其施工具有固定性与流动性、多样性与单件性、形体 庞大与施工周期长这三对特点。所以，每一建筑工程的施工都必须 进行施工组织设计。这是因为:其它一般工业产品的生产都有着自 己固定的、长期适用的工厂。

44、而建筑施工具有流动性的特点,不可能 建立这样的工厂，只能是当每一个建筑工程施工时，建立一个相应的、 临时性的，如同工厂作用性质的施工现场准备，即工地。施工单件性特 点与施工流动性特点，决定了每一建筑工程施工都要选择相应的机 具和劳动力组织。选择施工方法、拟定施工技术方案及其劳动力 组织和机具配置，统称为施工作业能力配置。施工周期的特点,决定了 各种劳动力、机具和众多材料物资技术的供应时间也比较长，这就 产生了与施工总进度计划相适应的物资技术的施工组织设计内容。 由此可见，施工组织设计在项目管理中是相当重要的。2施工组织设计方案的重要性建筑产品作为一种商品，在项目管理中工程质量在整个施工过 程中

45、起着极其重要的作用。工程建设项目的施工组织设计与其工程 造价有着密切的关系。施工组织设计基本的内容有:工程概况和施 工条件的分析、施工方案、施工工艺、施工进度计划、施工总平面 图。还有经济分析和施工准备工作计划。其中，施工方案及施工工 艺的确定更为重要，如：施工机械的选择、水平运输方法的选择、 土方的施工方法及主体结构的施工方法和施工工艺的选择等等，均 直接影响着工程预算价格的变化。在保证工程质量和满足业主使用 要求及工期要求的前提下，优化施工方案及施工工艺是控制投资 和降低工程项目造价的重要措施和手段。2.1施工组织方案在很大程度上影响着工程质量,因此合理的施 工组织方案不仅是确保工程顺利完

46、成的基础，也是工程安全的依据。 施工组织设计是建筑工程设计文件的重要组成部分，是编制工程投 资概预算的主要依据和编制招投标文件的主要参考依据。因此，认 真做好施工组织设计，对于正确确定工程造价、降低工程投资，从而有 利控制工程造价将有十分重要的作用。2.2施工组织方案是对施工活动实行科学管理的重要手段，它具 有战略部署和战术安排的双重作用。它体现了实现基本建设计划和 设计的要求，提供了各阶段的施工准备工作内容，协调施工过程中 各施 工工区，各施工工种，各项自愿之间的相互关系。施工组织方案必 须能够根据工程产品的特点和要求，根据现有的和可能争取到的施 工条件,从实际出发，决定各种生产要素的基本结合方式，不切实解 决问题，就不可能进行任何生产。3施工组织设计的指标