初二先修学案3,指示、不定代词

1、学 案学科 英语 年级 新初二 班级 教师 课题代词上课时间20140707学习目标指示代词和不定代词学习重点指示代词和不定代词的分类学习难点指示代词和不定代词的用法和区别教 学 流 程基础知识讲解一、指示代词单数this这，这个that那，那个such这样的人或物same同样的人或物复数these这些those那些例句This is Bill speaking. Who is that?Where will these pupils go?Do you like those? They are the latest fashion.I have never seen such a cleve

2、r child before.Those two dresses are the same.He said the same thing again and again.二、疑问代词格指人指物指人或物主格who谁what什么which哪个，哪些宾格whom谁所有格whose谁的whose谁的whose谁的三、不定代词不定代词的形式例 词普通不定代词some / anysomebody / anybody / nobody, someone / anyone / no onesomething / anything / nothingone / none个体不定代词every / each, o

3、ther / another, either / neithereverybody / everyone / everything数量不定代词many / much, few / a few / little / a littlea lot of / lots of / a great deal of / a great many（）不定代词的概念与形式不明确指代某个(些)人、某个(些)事物的代词叫做不定代词。不定代词可以代替名词和形容词没有主格和宾格之分，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。（2）不定代词的作用和用法all，both的用法Aall和both均可表示“全部都”，all指三个或三

4、个以上的人或物，both仅指两个人或物。all of/both of后为名词时，of可省略，但为宾格代词时不可省略。Ball，both作主语同位语时应位于实义动词之前，系动词、助动词或情态动词之后。 one的用法不定代词one指代可数名词，既可指人，也可指物。one既可以单独使用，也可以放在可数名词单数的前面作定语。其复数形式为ones，所有格形式为ones，反身代词为oneself。A单独使用，泛指“人”、“一个人”、“人们”。这种用法中可以出现ones和oneself与之呼应。Bone替代上文已出现过的单数可数名词，ones代替复数名词，以避免重复。用法比较：it与oneit和one都可以

5、代替上文出现过的名词，但二者是有区别的。it往往指上文出现过的特定的事物，即同一事物，而one则代替与前面事物同属一类的事物，并不是指同一个事物。This electrical fan doesnt work well. Ill try a new one.这台电扇不好用，请给我换一台新的。(不是同一台电扇)none的用法不定代词none通常相当于名词，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。意为“没有人”、“没有东西”。既可代替可数名词的单数形式，也可代替不可数名词，还可代替复数。e.g.I shouted at the children, but none would stop talking.我对着

6、孩子喊，但没有一个人愿意停止谈论。I like none of these pictures.这些画我都不喜欢。I wanted more milk, but none was left.我想再要一些牛奶，但是一点儿都没有了。 each，every的用法Every student needs to be careful with their studies.所有的学生学习时都需要细心。(作定语)Each of us hopes to have free weekends.我们每一个人都希望有自己的周末。(作主语)some，any的用法A一般情况下，肯定句中用some，否定句、疑问句和条件句中用

7、any。但some有时也用于疑问句，表示说话者的肯定语气。any有时也可用于肯定句中，表示“任何一个”，“任何一些”；not () any相当于no。e.g.Would you like some coffee with milk?你想喝点加牛奶的咖啡吗?(表明说话者的礼貌及肯定语气)Any normal child can pick up a language very quickly.任何正常的儿童学习一门语言都非常快。I dont know any person here.(=I know no person here.)这里的人我一个也不认识。B“some/any of+”结构作主语时

8、，谓语动词需要根据of后面的名词单复数而定。e.g.Some of the food has gone bad.有些食品变质了。I dont think any of them are coming.我认为他们没人会来。Csome和any既可以修饰或代替可数名词单数、复数，也可修饰或代替不可数名词。some修饰可数名词单数时，意为“某一”。e.g.Will you please give me some advice?给我提一些建议好吗?(修饰不可数名词)Some people are out of work and some find work.一些人失业了，又有一些人找到了工作。(修饰可数

9、名词复数)other，others, the other,another的用法先将这些不定代词分为单、复数：单数：another, (any) other, the other复数：other+名词复数othersthe other+名词 复数the others单数部分中，用于表示与前边提到的一个不同，用another,两者当中的 另一个用the other, 在比较级中表示比其他任何一个., 用any other加单数名词。复数部分中，其区别在于在others或the others。前面加the,表示除了前边提到的剩下的 全部，无the表示除了前边提到的剩下的大部分。请做下面的题。( )1

10、) Will you sh ow me _? I dont like its colour.( )2) She has two computers. One is IBM PC 386 and _ is IBMPC 586.( )3) Tom runs faster than any _ student in his class.( )4) The students have Eng lish, Chinese, maths, biology and many_ subj ects.( )5) Why are only three of you here in the classroom? W

11、here are_?( )6) My cla ssmates come from different parts of the country. Somecome from Shanghai, some from Tianjin and _ _ from Beijing.either，neither的用法e.g.Either of the plans is very practical.这两个计划，都很可行。Which of the two rooms would you like, sir?先生，这两个房间你喜欢哪一个?Oh, neither.噢，两个都不喜欢。Can you write w

12、ith either hand?你左右手都能写字吗?many，much的用法many和much是表示数量的不定代词，在句中既可充当名词的作用，也可充当形容词的作用，可作主语、宾语、定语等，意思为“许多”、“大量”。many修饰或代替可数名词，而much修饰或代替不可数名词。e.g.Many hands make light work.人多好办事。Sorry, Im afraid I cant go with you. Ive got much work to do.对不起，恐怕不能和你去了，我手头有很多工作要做。Many dont agree to this plan.有很多人不同意这个计划。

13、注意：many作主语时谓语动词用复数，much作主语，谓语动词用单数。many和much后面可以加of短语，此时many和much相当于名词。e.g.Much of the work has been finished.这项工作的大部分已完成。Many of my friends live abroad.我的很多朋友住在国外。little，a little，few，a few的用法Alittle，a little，few，a fewe.g.I have been Cairo a few times.我去过开罗几次。Jane has few bad habits, while her broth

14、er has many.简的坏习惯很少，然而她弟弟却有很多不良习惯。Please add a little sugar to the coffee.请给咖啡加点糖。We usually have little rain in spring.我们这里春天几乎不下雨。Susan looks a little fatter than before.苏珊看上去比以前胖了一些。特别提示：A.little的比较级和最高级分别为less，least；few的比较级和最高级分别为fewer，fewest。e.g.Jim spends less time on maths, but he is much bet

15、ter at it吉姆在数学上用时间较少，却学得很好。Who made the fewest mistakes?谁犯的错误最少？Bnot a little，quite a little，not a few，quite a fewnot a little意为“很多”，相当于much。not a few意为“很多”，相当于many。quite a little的意思和用法与not a little相同，quite a few的意思和用法与not a few相同。e.g.We neednt hurry. Theres not a little/quite a little time left.我们没

16、有必要着急，还剩下很多时间。Youve made not a few/quite a few mistakes.你出了很多错误。复合不定代词由some-，any-，every-，no-与-one，-body，-thing构成的不定代词称为复合不定代词。复合不定代词如下表所示：Asome-类复合不定代词主要用于肯定句中，any-类复合不定代词主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件句。当some-类复合不定代词用于否定句、疑问句和条件句时，表示肯定的意义。当any-类用于肯定句时表示“任何”之意。e.g.There is somebody who wants to speak to you.有人要同你讲话。

17、I havent seen anybody around here that I can turn to for help.在这周围，我没找到任何能帮助我的人。(anybody作宾语，用于否定句，表示“任何人”)Does someone here know Lilys telephone number?有人知道莉莉的电话号码吗?(someone用于疑问句，表明说话者期待着肯定的答复)B由-one和-body构成的不定代词可以相互换用，只是前者较文雅。e.g.Someone/Somebody seems to have been here. 似乎有人来过这里。Everybodys/Everyon

18、es business is nobodys/no ones business.事关大家无人管。C复合不定代词后可加由-s构成所有格。e.g.Theres somebodys bag left in the classroom.有人的书包落在教室里了。Its anybodys plan, not mine.谁知这是谁的计划，反正不是我的。D复合不定代词后常加else表示“另外的”。e.g.I cannot finish the work on time. Can someone else come to help me out?我不能按时完成这项工作了，有另外的人能帮助一下吗?Therere

19、already five people included in our group. Does anyone else would prefer to join?我们组已经有五个人了，还有想加入的吗?特别提示：形容词修饰复合不定代词，应将形容词置于其后。在需要强调的时候，偶尔将形容词置于复合不定代词之前。但初中阶段最好不记这种用法，了解一下就可以了。e.g.Theres nothing important in todays newspaper.今天报纸上没有什么重要的新闻。If you want to get successful something, you are to work twi

20、ce as hard.如果你确实想获得某些成功，就应该加倍努力。Eno one，nonee.g.No one in our class failed the maths exam.我们班没有人在数学考试中不及格。(强调没有一个不及格，no one的语气强烈)None of them believed his story.他们都不相信他的故事。(强调全部都不)How many of you have been to the Three Gorges Dam?你们中有多少人去过三峡?None.一个没有。Who knows the answer to this question?谁知道这个问题的答案

21、?No one.没人知道。Greg has made lots of money, but he would prefer to spend none on books.格雷格挣了很多钱，但他一点也不愿花在书上everyone与every one的用法比较everyone指“每个人”、“人人”，只指人；every one指“每个”、“个个”，既可指人，也可指物。指人时everyone比every one常用。everyone后不能跟of短语，而every one后可加of短语。针对性练习 1I dont like this coat，could you please show me _？ A.

22、 other B. another C. the other D. others 2There are many people in the park，some are playing cards，some aredancing，and _are taking a walk in it. A.other peoples B. the others C. others D. the other people 3I have two uncles，one is a doctor and _ is a teacher. A. the other B. another C. other D. anot

23、her one 4Some students hope to enter the best universities while _ simply wants to learn skills. A. the others B. others C. another D. the other 5“Do you like these pants sir？” “No，please show me _.” A. another B. some ones C. some others D. the other 6I have two TV set，but _ of them is in good cond

24、ition. A. both B. none C. neither D. every 7Walking along the streets，you can see many beautiful flowers on _ side of the street. A. every B. all C. both D. either 8_ of my parents is poor-educated，they both left school when they were 13. A. Both B. All C. Either D. Neither 9_of us answered the phon

25、e，for we were all in the yard. A. Either B. Neither C. All D. None 10How many monkeys are there in the cage left？ _. A. None B. No one C. Nothing D. not some 11Some students hope to enter the best universities while _ simply want to learn skills. A. the others B. others C. another D. the other 12I i

26、nvited Joe and Linda to dinner，but _of them came. （2004北京） A. neither B. either C. none D. both 13I had to buy _these books because I didnt know which one was the best. A. both B. none C. neither D. all （2004上海） 14I have done much of the work. Could you please finish _in two days？ A. the rest B. the

27、 other C. another D. the others 15Both teams were in hard training； _was willing to lose the game. （2001上海） A. either B. neither C. another D. the other 15. B C A B C 610. C D C D A 1115. B A D A （work不可二、中考题（ ）1.（2011北京）Im talking to you, Jack. . Please listen to_ carefully.A. me B. mine C. you D.

28、yours（ ）2.（2011北京）I knocked on the door but _ answered.A. somebody B. nobody C. anybody D. everybody（ ）3.（2011上海）I have two children, and _ of them are working in the west of China.A. all B. both C. neither D. either（ ）4.（2011天津） Is this _ ruler? No. _ is over there. A. her; Her B. her; Hers C. hers

29、; Hers D. hers; Her（ ）5.（2011山东）_ bike is this? I think its Peters.A. WhoB. Which C. Whose D. What（ ）6.（2011广东）Oh! I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food.It doesnt matter. You can have _. A. weB. us C. our D. ours（ ）7.（2011河南）Will you take part in the English speech competition tomorrow?Sure. I

30、see it as a chance to prove_.A. myself B. me C. yourself D. you （ ）8.（2011安徽）Im hungry, is there any bread in the fridge? _, but we have cakes. Would you like to have one? A. Some B. Much C. None D. Nothing（ ）9.（2011辽宁大连）British people usually shake hands the first time _ meet. A. they B. you C. we

31、D. I （ ）10.（2011山东枣庄）Did you see Peter and Mike?No, I saw _of them. A. neither B. either C. both D. none（ ）11.（2011广东梅州） Mom, Bill is coming to dinner this evening. OK. Lets give him _ to eat. A. anything different B. different anything C. something different D. different something（ ）12.（2011云南昆明）Ye

32、sterday I lost my pencil sharpener. I couldnt find_. Oh, its a pity. Youd better buy _ this afternoon. A. it; it B. it; one C. one; it D. one; one（ ）13.（2011乌鲁木齐）All of us find _ necessary to take exercise every day.A. this B. that C. them D. it（ ）14.（2011四川宜宾）I have two brothers. One is a teacher,

33、_ is a doctor.A. another B. other C. others D. the other（ ）15.（2011广西百色）Your computer doesnt work now, is there _ with it?A. wrong something B. something wrongC. wrong anything D. anything wrong（ ）16.（2011辽宁本溪）I need a dictionary. Who has got _? A. one B. it C. thatD. this（ ）17.（2011山东连云港）Oh, the tr

34、affic is so heavy.Lets change _ route to the airport.A. other B. others C. the other D. another（ ）18.（2011广东深圳）Are these books _.？ No. they are not mine. They belong to _.A. your, her B. yours, her C. you, hers D. yours, she（ ）19.（2011内蒙古包头）There is still a copy of this book in the library. Will you

35、 go andborrow _? No, I will buy _in the bookstore.A. one; it B. one; one C. it; one D. it; it（ ）20（2011广东河源）Mom, Bill is coming to dinner this evening. OK. Lets give him _ to eat. A. anything different B. different anything C. something different C. different something（ ）21.（2011江苏泰州）There is no salt left. Jim, would you like to get _?OK, Mum! A. it B. one C. some D. any（ ）22.（2011重庆江津）What else do you need? else. I think I have got