北师版初二(下)英语第10讲：Unit5语法篇(教师版)

1、Unit 5语法篇_学生通过本讲学习，能够掌握本单元的重点词汇句型，并在综合能力上有一定的拓展。直接引语变间接引语（一）人称 : “一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新”。“一随主 ”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如: She said. Mybrother wants to go with me. She said her brother wanted to go with her.“二随宾 ”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引

2、号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如 : He said to Kate. How is your sister now?He asked Kate how her sister was then。“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如: MrSmith said。 Jack is a good worker 。 MrSmithsaid Jack was a good worker 。（二）时态 : 直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。如 : 1)She said. Ihave lost a p

3、en. She said she had lost a pen2)She said. We hope so. Shesaid they hoped so.(1) 一般现在时变为一般过去时(2) 现在进行时变为过去进行时(3) 一般将来时变为过去将来时(4) 现在完成时变为过去完成时(5) 一般过去时变为过去完成时(6) 过去完成时不变，仍为过去完成时 但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。直接引语是客观真理。 The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teache

4、r told me. The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moonmoves around the earth。直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如 : Jack said. John, where were you going when I m et you in the street? Jackasked John where he was going when he met him in the street。直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如 : Xiao Wang

5、said. I was born on April 2l, 1980。 Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如 : He said, I get up at six every morning 。 He said he gets up at six every morning 。如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式(例 :ought to， had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，(例 :could, should, would,mi

6、ght) 不再变。如 : Peter said. Youhad better come have today。 Peter said I had better go there that day。第 1页（三）如何 状 : 直接引 接引 ，状 化有其内在 津， 状 由“ 在 ”改 “原来 ”(例:now 变为 then, yesterday。 the day before)地点状 ， 尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代 修 的状 ，由“此 ”改 “彼”(例:this 改 that),如: He said, These books are mine. He said those books were

7、his. 指示代 this thesethese those表示 的 now then today that day this week(month ,etc) thatweek (month ,etc) yesterday theday before last week(month ,etc) theweek(month,etc) before three days (a year ,etc)ago three days (a year. etc)before tomorrow the next(following ) day next week (month ,etc) thenext(f

8、ollowing) week (month ,etc) 表地点的 here there动词 bring takecome go（四）句型 : 直接引 如果是 述句， 接引 改 由that 引 的 从句。如 :Shesaid,Our bus will arrive in fiveminutes. Shesaidthat theirbus would arrive in fiveminut es.直接引 如果是反意疑 句， 疑 句或一般疑 句， 接引 改 由whether或 if 引 的 从句 .如:He said, Can you swim,John? He asked John if he c

9、ould swim. You have finished the homework,haven you?t mymother asked. My mother asked me whether Ihad finished the homework.Do you go to school by bus or bybike? He asked me ifI went to school by bus or by bike.直接引 如果是特殊 句， 接引 改 由疑 代 或疑 副 引 的 从句( 从句必 用 述句 序) 。 She asked me, Whendo they have their di

10、nner?She asked mewhen they had their dinner.直接引 如果是祈使句， 接引 改 tell(ask,order, beg 等) sb (not) to do sth.句型。如 : Dont make any noise, she said to the children.She told (ordered) the childrennotto make any noise. Bring me a cup of tea, please, said she. Sheasked him to bring her a cup of tea.直接引 如果是以 “L

11、et 开s” 的祈使句， 接引 ， 通常用 “suggest+ 句 (或从句 )。”如 : He said, Let sgo to the film. He suggested going to the film. 或 He suggested tha t they should go to see the film.1. She said to me that_ might keep_ book for two days.A she; thisB I; thatC I; thisD you; that2. - We said to her, Theyre walking through th

12、e street now.- We told her that _through the street _. A we were walking; thenB you are walking; now Cthey were walking; then D they walking; now3. The man thought, I shall take it back tomorrow.The man thought that _take it back_.A I shall; tomorrowB I shall; the next dayChe should; tomorrow第 2页D h

13、e would; the next day4.He said, Mother, the boy is very naughty. He_ very naughty.A said his mother that the boy wasB said to his mother that the boy isCtold his mother that the boy wasD spoke to his mother that the boy was5.Mrs Johnson said,“ I drew the picture last week.”Mrs Johnson said that _the

14、 picture_ .A she drew; the week beforeB I had drawn; that weekCshe had drawn; the week beforeD I drew; the last week解析：1. 直接引 接引 , 代 要 生相 的 化, you 成 I,this 成 that.故 B2. 直接引 改 接引 要注意前后 的一致。主句是一般 去 ,从句也要改成相 的 去 。 now要改成 then.故 C3. 主句 一般 去 , 从句原来 将来 , 要改成相 的 去将来 , 同 人称和情 也要 行相 的 化故 D4. 句意 :他跟 那个男孩很淘气。

15、述句 接引 ,主句 可以用 tell; 主句 用一般 去时 , 接引 也 用相 的 去 ,故答案 C5. 主句是一般 去 ,从句的 作 生在主句之前 ,要用 在完成 。 同 状 也要相 地改 故选 C基础演练一 单选1.He said that he _ English for four years.A. has learnedB. had learnedC. is learningD. was learning2.Mr. Smith said he _ very grateful to us for our kindness.A. wereB. wasC. isD. am3.John sai

16、d that _ wife always _ coffee for breakfast.A. him drankB. her drankC. his drinkD. his drank4.The teacher told Tom to finish_ homework on time.A. hisB. himC. herD. hers5.The teacher said that he must bring _ book to the classroom.A. heB. himC. hisD. she6. He said he _ this book.第 3页A. likeB. likesC.

17、 likedD. liking7.He said that he _ her the day before.A. sawB. seenC. seesD. had seen8.He said to me he _tired.A. isB. wasC. wereD. be9. She said that he _ waiting for an hour.A. has beenB. have beenC. had beenD. was been10. He said the I _ changed much.A. haven tB. hasn tC. hadn tD. to be havent答案：

18、 1-5 BBDAC6-10 CDBCC二、用单词正确形式填空1 He told me that he _(leave)his book in his room.2 She _(say)that he would be busy.3 She asked Tom whether he _(can)help her.4 She asked me whether that book was _(I)or his.5 The teacher asked me how I _(repair)it.6 The teacher _(tell)the students not to _(waste)their

19、 time.7 The mother asked Tom _(get)up early.8 The teacher said that the earth _(go)round the sun.9 My father said practice _(make)perfect.10 The boy told _(we)he usually gets up at six every day.答案 ; 1He told me that he had left his book in his room.2 She said that he would be busy.3 She asked Tom i

20、f /whether he could help her.4 She asked me whether that book was mine or his.5 The teacher asked me how I had repaired it.6 The teacher told the students not to waste their time.7 The mother asked Tom to get up early.8 The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.9 My father said practice mak

21、es perfect.10 The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day.巩固提高把下列句子直接引语变间接引语1 He said,“ I myve leftbook in my room.”第 4页_2 She asked me,“ Is this book yours or his?”_3 The teacher asked,“ How did you repair it?”_4 She said,“ He will be busy.”_5 She said to Tom,“ Can you help me?”_6 The teach

22、er said,“ The earth goes round the sun.”_7 My father said,“ Practice makes perfect.”_8 The boy said to us,“ I usually get up at six every day.”_9 He said,“ We are still students.”_10.He said to me,“ I was born in 1978.”_答案：1 He told me that he had left his book in his room.2 She said that he would b

23、e busy.3 She asked Tom if /whether he could help her.4 She asked me whether that book was mine or his.5 The teacher asked me how I had repaired it.6 The teacher told the students not to waste their time.7 The mother asked Tom to get up early.8 The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.9 My

24、father said practice makes perfect.10 The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day.1.“ I am a teacher,” Jack said. said Jack.A that I am a teacher B I was a teacher C that he is a teacher Dhe was a teacher2.My cousin said,“ I went to a concert three days ago.” My cousin told me that _ _a conc

25、ert _. A he; had gone to; three days beforeB he; went to; three days ago CI; had gone to; three days ago第 5页D I; went to; three days before3. She said she would return the dictionary to me _. A tomorrow B last day C the next day D next day4. - The earth goes round the sun.- What did he say? I couldn

26、t hear him.- _.A He says the earth goes round the sunB He said the earth goes round the sunCHe said the earth went round the sunD He says the earth went round the sun5.He said to me,“ You will pass the exam tomorrow.”He_ me that _the exam _.A said to; he would pass; the next dayB told; he would; nex

27、t dayCsaid to; I would pass; next dayD told; I would pass; the next day6. - Helen, I will come this morning, John said.- John _.A told Helen he will come this morningB said to Helen I would go that morningCsaid Helen he would come that morningD told Helen he would go that morning7. - I can speak thr

28、ee languages.- What did she say?- She said that she _three languages. A spoke B could spoke C could D could speak8.He said,“ The boy is cleaning the window now.” He _cleaning the window _. A said that the boy was; thenB said that the boy is; then Csaid that the boy was; now D said that the boy is; n

29、ow9.We said to her, Theyre walking through the street yesterday. We told her that_ through the street_ .A we were walking; yesterday B you are walking; yesterday第 6页Cthey were walking; the day beforeD they walking; the day before10.I shall tell him, I have written to you and her twice.I shall tell h

30、im that _have written to_ and _twice.A I; him; her B you; him; her C I; you; me D you; me; her 答案 1-5 DACBD 6-10 DDACA二、完型 :重庆 2019 年初三第三次月考考试Are you nervous when you stand in front of the public? Are you afraid to make a speech?Li Jun, a middle school boy, felt shy when he was making a speech the o

31、ther day. Li had thought it would be quite easy to speak in front of 1 classmates.I was wrong. It was very different and much 2 than talking to my classmates during playtime, Lisaid. I tried, but it was really difficult to speak. I felt like a mute( 哑巴 ) and wanted to leave the classroom 3.Li is not

32、 alone. Manymiddle school students now have the same4: they can talk about their ideasfreely 5 their best friends after class, but cant speak in public. According to Zhou Hong, a teacher from a university, the main reason is that schools in China pay more attention to writing instead of 6.Zhou hopes

33、 schools can give students more chances to open their 7, such as speech competitions,English corners and class discussions. Students can join in any one they want to. 8 he also gives some advice to students. During your free time you should 9 more. When youre speaking in public, take it easy. Just i

34、magine youre talking to nobody and speak up your ideas clearly, Zhou said. That 10 a fine public speech and youll feel confident.1A herB myC yourD his2.A harderB easierC betterD later3.A slowlyB quicklyC sadlyD happily4.A answerB subjectC problemD question5.A exceptB besideC fromD with6.A listeningB

35、 speakingC readingD singing7.A mouthsB eyesC mindsD hearts8.A ButBSoCAndD Or9.A playB practiceCwriteD watch10.A reportsB keepsC hearsD makes答案： 1-5DABCD6-10BACBDAIts the week before school starts. Alice is shopping for clothes with two friends, Nina and Vicki. Alice puts on a black jacket, turns to

36、her friends, and says, Hey, what do you think?第 7页The girls look at her and both start laughing. No way, Alice!Nina laughs.Thats a mans jacket.Alice feels a little angry. Yeah, well. I like it.Yeah, says Vicki, but what will people at school say?Alice thinks for a moment. Then she takes off the jack

37、et. Yeah, youre right. Peer pressure. We all know about it. Your friends wear certain clothes or listen to certain music. You dont want to be different. So you do those things too.Fifteen minutes later, Alice is still thinking about the black jacket. Yeah, theres pressure to follow others, she expla

38、ins. If your clothes or hair are different, people make fun of you. You know, they laugh and point.Vicki agrees. Its true. You even have to have a certain kind of boyfriend or girlfriend! I think these rules are childish( 幼稚的 ). But when youre different, you feel like an outsider. And thats hard.Ali

39、ce walks away.Hey Alice, calls Nina. Where are you going?To get the black jacket. I dont care what others think. I like it, and Im buying it.1.Why does Alice take off the jacket?A Its too expensive.B She doesnt take enough money with her.C She doesnt like the color.D Shes worried about her friends o

40、pinions.2.What is the meaning of peer pressure in this passage?A You want to be like your friends, so you do what they do.B You want to be different from your friends and classmates.C You want to give your clothes to your friends to wear.D You want to buy as many clothes as your classmates do.3.What

41、 happens in the end?A Alice goes to buy the jacket.B Alice gets angry and goes home alone.C Alice doesnt buy the jacket.D Alice doesnt go shopping with her friends.4.What is the main idea of this passage?A Young people should follow others.B Girls have different ideas about the jacket.C Girls like w

42、earing different kinds of clothes.D Young people care much about what others think.B第 8页Dear Dr. Smith,My mom always keeps asking me, Whats going on? If I want to go to a concert, she asks whom Iwill go with. I think thats my own business( 事情 ). Sometimes it looks like she doesnt trust( 信任 ) me. It

43、makes me very sad. How can I get her to stop?KatieDear Katie,Many young people have the same problem as you. If you dont talk much with your parents, they might feel they need to ask you questions to know about your life. It seems to you that your mom is gettinginto your business, but I think shes j

44、ust trying to keep a close relationship( 关系 ) with you. In fact, some experts(专家 ) often tell parents to stay close to their kids by asking them about whats going on in their life.Some parents do this better than others, of course. But, unluckily, some parents ask questions because they dont trust t

45、heir kids. So start by trying to trust your mom. She is probably just trying to stay close to you because she loves and cares about you. You can have a talk with her about it.Of course, that doesnt make the questions less boring. If youre tired of so many questions, tell your mom about your day befo

46、re she asks. If you offer( 提供 ) more information, conversations with your mom wont seem like shes just asking you too many questions!If you do this, Im sure you can get on well with your mom.Dr. Smith5.Katies problem is that .A she is sad about the person at the concertB she doesnt like or care abou

47、t her motherC her mother always asks her lots of questionsD her mother doesnt want her to make new friends6.Dr. Smith thinks Katies mother probably .A doesnt love KatieB doesnt trust KatieC tries to stay close to KatieD tries to get into Katies business7.Which of the following is TRUE according to t

48、he passage?A Katies problem is a special one to young people.B Dr. Smith believes that all parents trust their kids.C Dr. Smiths advice is to answer all of Katies mothers questions.D Some experts suggest parents should ask their kids about their life.8.In which column( 栏目 ) can we find this passage

49、in a magazine?A Humans and Nature.B Problems and Advice.第 9页C Sports.D Health.CCommunication is a problem for parents and children of all ages. If its hard for you to communicatewith your parents, dont worry about it. Here is some advice for you to bridge the generation gap ( 代沟 ). Dont argue with your parents. Dont talk to your parents when you are angry. Your p