农村信用社金融风险的防范化解（Prevention and resolution of financial risks of rural credit cooperatives）

1、农村信用社金融风险的防范化解（Prevention and resolution of financial risks of rural credit cooperatives）Finance is the core of modern economic activities. In recent years, the Asian financial crisis and financial risk prevention and resolution has become a major concern of governments. In our country, prevent and

2、defuse financial risks work has achieved initial success, but the risk of rural cooperative finance is still prominent, if prevent ineffective, will inevitably affect the central rural economic policy correctly and comprehensively implement, directly affects the stability and development of rural ec

3、onomics Master Thesis of agricultural and rural economic work. It should be noted that since the end of 1996, the rural credit cooperatives and the Agricultural Bank of China have separated from the administrative subordination, and the reform of the management system of rural credit cooperatives ha

4、s made significant progress, and the management has gradually moved towards a standardized track. But on the whole, the operation of rural credit cooperatives is not optimistic, and there is a potential financial risk.Financial risk refers to the rural credit cooperatives in the rural credit coopera

5、tives in the money and credit intermediary business activities, due to the influence of self management behavior and related natural and social factors, leading to rural credit cooperatives funds, property, the credibility of the possibility of loss. The formation of the current rural credit coopera

6、tives financial risk is mainly manifested as: low quality loans accounted for the high risk of credit assets to form; lending violations, illegal guarantee, caused by overload operation and loss; some credit to the three estate infusion of funds, the use of credit funds to purchase fixed assets, the

7、 formation of a large number of assets due to risk; the formation of the interest rate structure is not reasonable or the volatility of interest rate risk due to a variety of financial cases; alternatively, the credit cooperatives suffered serious losses; the internal control mechanism is relatively

8、 backward, the formation of risk management and so on.There are many reasons for the analysis of risks. Apart from some financial risks formed before decoupling from Agricultural Bank of China, the main reasons for the financial risks that appear at present are shown in five aspects.1, poor supervis

9、ion. Because of the transformation of the supervision system of rural credit cooperatives, there is a gap in the supervision of the rural credit cooperatives for a period of time, which provides space for some credit cooperatives not to regulate the operation.2, the management mechanism behind. For

10、a long time, the rural credit cooperatives have almost no capital increase, no democratic management, past election directors and supervisors will not credit leading members are appointed by the supervisor of banks, therefore, that the old man will form the executive management mode is, cannot adapt

11、 to the requirements of rural credit cooperatives as rural credit cooperative system the management of financial institutions.3, organizational leadership ineffective. Whether the legal person of rural credit cooperatives is competent or not is the key to decide the success or failure of this societ

12、y. As part of corporate credit cooperatives and no selection, resulting in some long-term credit cooperatives one, lead director of individual credit cooperatives do, lawlessness, wantonly illegal operations, waste, financial expenses increased year by year, the individual credit losses year after y

13、ear, even to the insolvency.4, the quality of personnel is low. At present the quality of rural credit cooperatives personnel mainly displays in: one is the cultural level are not up to the basic requirements in the financial sector, following high school education accounted for more than two; manag

14、ement cadres most without professional training, management level is not adapt to the modern rural financial management requirements; three is the source of most workers the local talent, the formation of long-term inbreeding coefficient, nepotism is difficult to break, it was an analogy: one bank ,

15、 caused a lot of difficulties for rural credit cooperatives to standardize the operation, and even caused a great loss.5, institutional settings unreasonable. Many grassroots credit cooperatives organization is set before 80s, it does not adapt to the changes of rural economic structure at present,

16、and part of the business of grassroots credit cooperatives reduced year by year, long-term losses, efficiency is poor, has been eating the big pot. As a result, the poor society, good society, good society and poor society has become a high-risk situation.In view of the above situation, the author b

17、elieves that the current rural credit cooperatives should take six measures to guard against financial risks. That is to establish an early warning supervision system, to provide policy support, to rectify the organizational structure, to strengthen internal management, to improve the internal contr

18、ol prevention mechanism and to establish a deposit insurance system.Establishing a pre regulatory systemPeoples banks at all levels should improve the early-warning system for the payment of risks by rural credit cooperatives and make clear the early warning indicators. We should take the index of p

19、ayment preparation rate, assets flow rate and dependence on short-term debt as the monitoring key. To monitor the index reached or below the critical point of the credit cooperatives, should be made as early as possible preventive plan, to make a deadline for rectification program, and gradually eli

20、minate hidden dangers. The peoples Bank of the rural financial supervision departments to implement the regulatory responsibility, clear regulatory responsibilities, at the signing of the supervision of rural credit cooperatives to develop regulatory responsibility, assessment methods, the implement

21、ation of informed supervision in the year-end assessment appraisal rewards and punishments. To make sure that a special person on a regular basis to analyze the operation of credit cooperatives, and found that the problem in a timely and coordinated solution, so as to nip in the bud. For high-risk s

22、ociety, we should adopt a policy of one society, one policy, and draw up contingency plans by society, and make feasible plans from the aspects of capital requirements, quantity, supply channels, safeguard measures and so on, so as to be prepared as a precaution.Provide policy supportThe government

23、and the relevant departments should give necessary policy support to the rural credit cooperatives, so that the rural credit cooperatives can get rid of the financial risks as soon as possible, and enhance their vitality. The so-called policy support, nothing more than from all aspects of rural cred

24、it cooperatives to create a more relaxed development and indigestion factors of the external environment. At present, there are mainly three policy supports for rural credit cooperatives. One is that the government should undertake reasonable because of changes in the national macro policy, leadersh

25、ip system changes, non-performing assets and loss factors of enterprises and natural disasters directly form, defined by the scientific method, adopt shared by national and local governments and other relevant departments to set up a separate; or the rural financial cooperative fund management compa

26、ny, specializes in the non-performing assets of rural credit cooperatives, rural credit cooperatives to gradually digest non operating factors of burden of non-performing assets. In order to rural credit cooperatives go, step sound track of operation. Two countries should implement differentiated in

27、terest rate policy, the central bank should support agriculture according to the characteristics of rural credit cooperatives, rural credit cooperatives on the CBC capital, differences in the implementation of preferential interest rate policy, and tilt, changes in the interest rate inversion phenom

28、enon. Three is the implementation of tax relief policy. The rural credit cooperatives is mainly responsible for agriculture, the state should be regarded as other agricultural enterprises, tax policy support given, especially in poor mountainous areas, underdeveloped areas and insolvency of the high

29、 risk of rural credit cooperatives, in a certain period of time the implementation of tax preferential policies, which can reduce the burden, to recuperate, get out as soon as possible. Difficulties.Rectification organizationAt present, the rectification organization of rural credit cooperatives sho

30、uld focus on three aspects of work. First, the foundation of the cooperation of rural credit cooperatives should be re constructed, and the rural credit cooperatives should be truly managed by members, people, shares and members. It should be a cooperative financial organization which serves as a me

31、mber of the commune, and it will really become a rural financial cooperative institution which comes to the farmers and serves the farmers. Rural credit cooperatives can only be rooted in the countryside and attached to farmers, and can be the basis for the survival and development of rural credit c

32、ooperatives. Two is to establish the rural credit cooperatives industry self-regulation organization. First of all, we must strengthen the basic position of the theory, and focus on the effective ways to realize the four aspects of the membership structure, democratic management, service for the mem

33、bers and return of the profits. Truly embodies the credibility of the masses, democracy and flexibility of the principle of running a society to ensure the correctness and feasibility of theoretical guidance. Secondly, to strengthen the basic position of the masses, to members as the main body of th

34、e reform of rural credit cooperatives, rural credit cooperatives must always adhere to the masses to participate in the management principle; we must unswervingly implement for agriculture, farmers and rural service purposes. Third, we should further improve the democratic system, implement democrat

35、ic management and democratic supervision in the true sense, and properly handle the relationship between the members congresses, the Council, the supervisory board and the legal representatives. Three is a scientific and rational establishment of grass-roots credit cooperatives institutions. With th

36、e continuous change of agricultural structure and economic development, and the demand of agriculture and rural economy for financial services, the institutions of rural credit cooperatives should be adjusted in a timely manner.The rapid economic development in rural areas, increasing the amount of

37、basic financial services agency, should add the outlets of moderation, to enhance the purchasing and storage capacity; for those financial services, decreasing losses for many years and poor efficiency of grass-roots community, should be immediately removed and, in order to reduce the loss of part o

38、f financial risk prevention solutions.Strengthen internal managementThe peoples Bank at all levels to supervise the rural credit cooperatives in strict accordance with the loan general work, study and formulate effective credit investment and asset preservation, in the range of policies and regulati

39、ons allow, to ensure efficient and safety of loans, to prevent the emergence of new non-performing loans, non-performing loans gradually Digest the old. To guide the rural credit cooperatives of compliance management, perfect standardized management system, clear the rights and responsibilities of a

40、ll aspects of the task, and to safety and efficiency as the core of management of rural credit cooperatives, and taking on the work. We should urge rural credit cooperatives to improve their management and management, and constantly enrich their capital; strengthen financial management and reduce ex

41、penses. Through the establishment of employment mechanism, scientific and effective reduction of redundancy, improve office efficiency and reasonable expenses, avoid extravagance and waste such measures, so as to strengthen the internal potential, improve profitability, gradually defuse financial ri

42、sks.Perfect internal control prevention mechanismRural credit cooperatives must improve their ability of self-management and self-discipline and improve their self-discipline management. The rural credit cooperative is an independent legal person financial organization, and it is the key to do well

43、the rural financial work by gradually realizing the independent operation, risk taking, self restriction and self-development of the rural credit cooperative. To achieve the goal of four selves, its core is to improve the corporate governance structure, establish the restriction mechanism. The key t

44、o establish a restraint mechanism is to establish and perfect a more scientific and standard internal control mechanism. The core of the internal control system is to strengthen internal management and formulate feasible asset security measures. The author believes that the establishment of the inte

45、rnal control mechanism is to grasp the work of six aspects: one is to set up restraint mechanism of the legal representative, the legal representative of the director of credit rights constraints in the regulations, strengthen scientific and transparent decision. Two is to improve the credit managem

46、ent mechanism, the implementation of trial, loan separation system and the responsible person responsible for the loan system, the entire process of risk management of loans to ensure the safe and effective operation of rural credit cooperatives assets. Three is to establish and improve the audit an

47、d supervision system. The auditing supervision department shall be directly under the leadership of the board of supervisors and the competent department at the higher level, so as to carry out effective supervision and inspection of the legal representative of the rural credit cooperatives. Four is

48、 to strengthen the management of high-risk credit instruments, especially all kinds of tickets, certificates, printing, pledge and all kinds of guarantee business to effectively control, standardize operation, stop illegal behavior. At the same time, we should strengthen the management of computer r

49、isk, improve the ability to guard against scientific crime from the management system and technology. The five is to strengthen the three one work and credit cooperatives outlets management, prevent the occurrence of grab, collusion theft case and various financial fraud cases. The six is to establish and perfect the rural credit cooperatives employment mechanism and incentive mechanism